山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

2022年11月份期中检测试题高二英语注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡相应位置上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatwillthewomanorder?A.Tea.B.Coffee.C.Chocolatecakes.2.Whatisthehighesttemperaturetoday?A.35℃.B.36℃.C.38℃.3.Whyisthewomanupset?A.Sheislatefortheparty.B.Peoplearemakingfunofher.C.Somethingiswrongwithherdress.4.Whatdoesthewomandoonceaweek?A.Shecleansthefloor.B.Shedoesthedishes.C.Shecooks.5.Wheremightthespeakersbe?A.Inatower.B.Onaship.C.Onaplane.第二节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独自读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whydoesthewomanwanttochangetheshirt?A.Becauseofthestyle.B.Becauseofthebrand.C.Becauseofthesize.7.Whatcolorofshirtdoesthewomanwant?A.Darkblue.B.Black.C.White.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Whatkindofholidaydoesthemanprefer?A.Anadventuretrip.B.Abeachholiday.C.Acitybreak.9.Whichcountrywillthemanprobablygoto?A.Australia.B.America.C.SouthAfrica.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whenwasthemanoriginallygoingtoretire?A.Inaweek.B.Inayear.C.Intwoyears.11.Whatwillthemandoafterretirement?A.Learntoplaygolf.B.Lookafterhiswife.C.Travelaroundtheworld.12.Whatwillhappentothewomannextweek?A.Shewillattendameeting.B.Shewillhaveanewteacher.C.Shewilltakethefinalexams.所第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.Howoldwilltheman'ssonbenextweek?A.5.B.6.C.10.14.Whycan'tthemanhavearabbit?A.Hiswifeisafraidofit.B.Hissondoesn'tlikeit.C.Itistoodifficulttolookafter.15.Whatpetdoesthemanprobablychoose?A.Afish.B.Adog.C.Asnake.16.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Shopclerkandcustomer.B.Familymembers.C.Friends.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whendoesthemeetingbegin?A.At2:00p.m.B.At2:30p.m.C.At4:00p.m.18.Howcanstudentsleavetheclassroom?A.Theyshallbepermitted.B.Theycanleaveastheylike.C.Theydon'thaveschoolworktodo.20.Whathappenedduringthelastmeeting?A.Someonecausedtrouble.B.Allstudentsbehavedwell.C.Oneclassroomwasonfire.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AUrbanaParkDistrictCounselorinTrainingExperiencecampfromtheleader’spointofviewandbringyourownenergyandtalentstotheUrbanaParkDistrict’ssummercamp.Participateinandleaddailycampactivitieswhilehelpingcounselors(辅导员)andchildreninNatureDayCamp.Youwillvolunteer1520hoursperweek(34days),attendweeklyCITmeetingsandparticipateinongoingtrainingthroughoutsummer.Jointheexcellentgroupofteenswhogainexperienceandleadershipskillsthatpreparethemforfuturejobs.AsaCIT,youmakecampevenmorefun.Interested?MakeaCITapplication,availableatanyParkDistrictofficeoronline.Candidates(申请者)areselectedthroughanapplicationandinterviewprocess.Spaceislimited.FeesincludecampTshirt,alltraining,supervision(管理)andfieldtrips.Paymentisdueonacceptanceintotheprogram.Moreimportantly,precamptrainingisamust.◆Dates:ApplicationDeadline:April7,2023CampDates:MondayFriday,8:30am3:00pm;June5August4◆Fees:$350◆Parentment:BothmychildrenhavebeenCITsandhavelovedthechancetobeleaders.Ithashelpedthembemoreconfidentabouttheirabilities.◆AgesServed:Ages1315(pletionof7thgraderequired)◆Location:AnitaPurvesNatureCenter,1505N.BroadwayBrbanaFormoreinformation,calltheAnitaPurvesNatureCenterat2173844062.1.Whoisthetextintendedfor?A.Trainers. B.Teenagers. C.Jobhunters. D.Sportslovers.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecampfromthetext?A.Itasksforthepanyofparents.B.Itofferschildrenachancetoactasaleader.C.Itacceptscandidateswhohaverelatedexperience.D.Itteachesparticipantshowtofindaproperjobinthefuture.3.Whatisrequiredifyouwanttotakepartinthecamp?A.SigningupbeforeJune5,2023.B.Providingyourinformationonline.C.PreparingyourTshirtsinadvance.D.Participatinginprecamptraining.【答案】1.B2.B3.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一个夏令营活动及其对参加者的要求。【1题详解】推理判断题。由第三段中的“Jointheexcellentgroupofteenswhogainexperienceandleadershipskillsthatpreparethemforfuturejobs.(加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”和◆AgesServed中的“Ages1315(pletionof7thgraderequired)(1315岁（要求完成7年级）)”可知，该夏令营的目标群体是青少年，可得出文章目标群体是青少年。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“Experiencecampfromtheleader’spointofviewandbringyourownenergyandtalentstotheUrbanaParkDistrict’ssummercamp.Participateinandleaddailycampactivitieswhilehelpingcounselors(辅导员)andchildreninNatureDayCamp.(从领导者的角度体验夏令营，并将自己的精力和才能带到厄巴纳公园区的夏令营。参与并领导日常营地活动，同时帮助辅导员和儿童参加自然日营地)”和第三段中的“Jointheexcellentgroupofteenswhogainexperienceandleadershipskillsthatpreparethemforfuturejobs.(加入优秀的青少年群体，他们获得经验和领导技能，为将来的工作做好准备)”可知，该夏令营能为孩子们提供充当领导者的机会。故选B项。【3题详解】细节理解题。由第三段中的“Moreimportantly,precamptrainingisamust.(更重要的是，营前训练是必须的)”可知，如果你想参加营地，需要参加营前培训。故选D项。BInmoviesandbookspeopleoftendescribeadecisivemomentwhentheyfigureoutwhotheyare.However,Ineverthoughtitactuallyhappenedinreallife.Ineverexpectedtohavea“moment”ofmyown.Whenitarrived,minewasmuchmorepowerfulthanIcouldhaveeverimagined.Duringthespringofmyjunioryear,myclasswatchedadocumentarycalled“TheInvisibleChildren.”ItwasaboutthreecollegestudentswhotakeatriptoAfricaanddocumenttheirexperience.Atfirstthefilmwasslightlyhumorous.However,oncethegrouparrivedinnorthernUganda,themoodchanged.Theylearnedwhattheconsequencesofa23yearwarhadbeenforthousandsofchildren.Somehadlostfamilyandfriends,whileotherswerecaughtbytheopposingforceandbecamechildsoldiers.Beforelong,Iwassobbing.Icouldn’tbelievethesethingswerehappening,yetatthesametimeIknewtheywere.Ijusthadn’tbeenpayingattention,forinthepast17years,Iwasblessedlyprotected.Whenthemovieended,Icouldn’tgetitoutofmyhead.Forthenextweek,Iwasnotmyself.EverybiteoffoodItookIthoughtofGrace,the15yearoldwhohadlittletoeat.WhenIwenttobed,IpicturedSunday,the14yearoldboysleepingonastrawmatonthegroundinacamp.Mywholeworldshifted.Sincethatday,Ihaven’tbeenabletopicturemyfutureinawaythatdoesn’tinvolvegoingtoAfricaanddoingwhatIcantohelp.Ultimately,thisiswhyIdecidedtomajorinengineering.Withanengineeringdegree,mypotentialforchangewillbelimitless.Iwillbuildwellsandschools,anddesignirrigationsystems.Engineeringistough,butIknow—inwhatYeatscalled“mydeepheart’scall”—thatthisiswhatI’msupposedtodowithmylife.4.Howdidtheauthorthinkofadecisivemomentatfirst?A.Itwasimpossible. B.Itwasunforgettable.C.Itwasmon. D.Itwaspowerful.5.Howdoesthemovieinfluencetheauthor?A.Itamusedhim. B.Itchangedhisperspectivesoflife.C.Itmadehimunsureofhimself. D.Itmadehimlosethedesiretoeatorsleep.6.Whydoestheauthorchoosetostudyengineering?A.Toachievehisgoal. B.Tobewellacknowledged.C.Tochallengehimself. D.Torealizehischildhooddream.7.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Celebrity. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science.【答案】4.A5.B6.A7.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Inmoviesandbooks,peopleoftendescribeadecisivemomentwhentheyfigureoutwhotheyare.However,Ineverthoughtitactuallyhappenedinreallife.Ineverexpectedtohavea“moment”ofmyown.(在电影和书中，人们经常描述一个决定性的时刻，那就是当他们弄清楚自己是谁的时候。然而，我从未想过这真的发生在现实生活中。我从没想过会有属于自己的“时刻”)”可知，作者最初认为这个决定性时刻是不可能的。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Mywholeworldshifted.(我的整个世界都改变了)”可知，电影改变了作者的人生观。故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Ultimately,thisiswhyIdecidedtomajorinengineering.Withanengineeringdegree,mypotentialforchangewillbelimitless.Iwillbuildwellsandschools,anddesignirrigationsystems.Engineeringistough,butIknow—inwhatYeatscalled“mydeepheart’scall”—thatthisiswhatI’msupposedtodowithmylife.(最终，这就是我决定主修工程学的原因。有了工程学位，我改变世界的潜力将是无限的。我要建造水井和学校，设计灌溉系统。工程是艰难的，但我知道——叶芝称之为“我内心深处的呼唤”——这就是我应该在我的生命中做的事情)”可知，作者选择工程专业是为了达到他的目标。故选A。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了作者在观看了《看不见的孩子》纪录片后，人生观被改变，决定主修工程学，来改变世界。可推知，文章选自报纸的“教育”版面。故选C。CMostofuswillnevergetthechancetolookdownonEarthfromabove.Butsimulating(模拟)thiseffectonEarthmightdothetrick.SeeingexpansivevideosofEarthhasbeenfoundtoboostpeople’scuriosityandcreativity.Thatmightbewhyyoufeelasifyouaresteppingoutsideyourself,andyourinternalmonologue(独白)goesquiet.PsychologyistsDacherKeltnerandJonathanHaidtdefineaweasthefeelingwegetwhenwe’refacedwithsomethingvast,thatisbeyondourcognition(认知)andthatwestruggletounderstand.It’sanemotionthatbinesamazementwithanedgeoffear,anditcanweakenourverysenseofself.Throughouthistory,powerfulleadershavemadeuseofawetoapplycontrol,usinggrandbuildings,monumentsandstoriestomaketheirpeoplefeelhumble(谦卑的).Onestudyfoundthatpeopledrewthemselvessmallerafteranawesomeexperience,butitdidn’taffecttheirselfrespect.Anotherstudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaweinspiringvideoestimatedtheirbodiestobephysicallysmallerthanthosewhowatchedafunnyorneutralvideo.UsingfMRIscans,scientistshavediscoveredchangesinsidethebrainthatmightberesponsible.Whenpeoplefeelawe,thebrainlowersactivityintheareasthoughttomakeupoursenseofself.Changingyoursenseofselfmightsoundscary,butitcanmakeyouabetterperson.Researchhasshownthatfeelingawecanmakepeoplebehavemoremorallyandgenerously.Awecanhavepersonalbenefitsaswell.It’sbeenshowntomakeusfeelhappierandlessstressed,evenweeksafteranawesomeexperience.Surveyssuggestpeoplefeellowlevelaweonaverageacoupleoftimesaweek.Gettingmoreawecansimplybeaprocessofthinkingaboutwhatinspiresaweforyouandbuildingitintoyourroutine.8.Whichofthefollowingexamplecanshowthefeelingofawe?A.Watchinganamusingvideo.B.Enjoyingapleasantpieceofmusic.C.Observingadelicateflowerinthewild.D.StandinginfrontofthepyramidsofEgypt.9.Whatistheeffectofanawesomeexperience?A.Itholdsupourinnovation.B.Itmakesusfeelinsignificant.C.Itstrengthensoursenseofself.D.Iturgesyoutopursuehighsocialposition.10.Howdoesthebrainreacttothefeelingofawe?A.Itsawarenessimproves.B.Partofitrunsmoreslowly.C.Thetissueofitistransformed.D.Theunderstandingofitsharpens.11.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Lowlevelaweisthebestchoice.B.Feelingaweisbeneficialtopeople.C.Changingselfconceptisunacceptable.D.Theprocessismoreimportantthantheoute.【答案】8.D9.B10.B11.B【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，但对人也有好处。【8题详解】推理判断题。由第二段中的“PsychologyistsDacherKeltnerandJonathanHaidtdefineaweasthefeelingwegetwhenwe’refacedwithsomethingvast,thatisbeyondourcognition(认知)andthatwestruggletounderstand.(心理学家达彻·凯尔特纳和乔纳森·海特将敬畏定义为当我们面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时所获得的感觉)”可知，当面对超出我们认知的、我们难以理解的巨大事物时，我们会有敬畏。由此推知，站在埃及金字塔前，我们会感到敬畏。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“It’sanemotionthatbinesamazementwithanedgeoffear,anditcanweakenourverysenseofself.(这是一种将惊讶与恐惧结合在一起的情绪，它会削弱我们的自我意识)”和第四段“Onestudyfoundthatpeopledrewthemselvessmallerafteranawesomeexperience,butitdidn’taffecttheirselfrespect.Anotherstudyfoundthatpeoplewhowatchedanaweinspiringvideoestimatedtheirbodiestobephysicallysmallerthanthosewhowatchedafunnyorneutralvideo.(一项研究发现，人们在经历了一段可怕的经历后心理上觉得自己变小，但这并不影响他们的自尊。另一项研究则发现，观看令人敬畏的视频的人估计自己的身体比观看有趣或中立视频的人小)”可知，敬畏会削弱我们的自我意识，让人们觉得自己渺小、无足轻重。故选B项。【10题详解】细节理解题。由第五段“UsingfMRIscans,scientistshavediscoveredchangesinsidethebrainthatmightberesponsible.Whenpeoplefeelawe,thebrainlowersactivityintheareasthoughttomakeupoursenseofself.(通过功能磁共振成像扫描，科学家们发现了大脑内部的变化可能是原因。当人们感到敬畏时，大脑会降低被认为构成自我感觉的区域的活动)”可知，人们感到敬畏时，大脑的一部分运行得更慢。故选B项。【11题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“Researchhasshownthatfeelingawecanmakepeoplebehavemoremorallyandgenerously.Awecanhavepersonalbenefitsaswell.It’sbeenshowntomakeusfeelhappierandlessstressed,evenweeksafteranawesomeexperience.(研究表明，感到敬畏可以使人们表现得更加道德和慷慨。敬畏也有个人利益。事实证明，即使是在经历了一次可怕的经历后的几周，它也能让我们感到更快乐，压力更小)”可得出，感到敬畏对人有益。故选B项。DMcDonald’sfoodholdsplentyofsecrets,andMcNuggetsarenoexception.Theboxed,bitesizebitesofchickenareoneofthefastfoodproducer'smostpopularmenuitems.Butthere’ssomethingeventhemostdevotednugget(鸡块)consumersmaynotknow:everynuggetthatesoutofMickeyD’sisguaranteedtobeoneoffourdistinctshapes.Don’tworrythough,it’snotsomestrangechickenplot.It’stheresultofacarefullyplannedprocessthatoccursinMcDonald’sfactories.ABusinessInsidervideo,usingcontinuousshootingmodefromaMcDonald’sfactoryinCanada,offersaninsidelookintonuggetproduction.Beforeitgoestothefryer,thegroundchickenbreastmeatthatwillbeeMcNuggetsgoesthrougha“rollingcookiecutter”machine.Thecutterensuresthatthenuggetstobeareallthesamewidthandoneoffourshapes.Theshapesarethe“boot,”the“bell,”the“ball,”andthe“bone”(or“bowtie”).Butjusthowdifferentarethefourshapes?Howdoyoutellyourbootsfromyourbowties?Well,theballisround,asyoumightexpect.Thebone/bowtielookslesslikeeitherofthosethingsthanlikeasomewhatbentrectangle(矩形).Thebellisdiamondshaped,andthebootreallydoeslooksomewhatlikeawidebootwithathintoe.(Orlikeahook,ifyouturnitover.)Thoughtheshapesaresomewhatlessdistinctafterthebatter(稠面糊)isadded,seeifyoucanstillidentifythemthenexttimeyougetyourMcNuggetfix.Butwhyhavespecialshapesatall?Acuriousconsumerposedthequestion.Apanyrepresentativerepliedthattheshapesandtheirsimilarsizesensurethattheyalltakethesametimetocook,whichisnecessarytoensurefoodsafety.Plus,theshapesarefunforkids,andeasytodipforeveryone!Andwhyisfourtheluckynumber?Well,theQ&.Apageclaimsthat“threewould’vebeentoofew.Fivewould’vebeen,like,sillyorunreasonable.”Honestly,though,wedoubtMcDonald’sconsumerswouldhavereallycaredeitherway.12HowaretheMcDonald’sChickenNuggets’shapesformed?A.Theyareprocessedbyacuttingmachine.B.Thefourshapesaremadebymachinefreely.C.Somebatterisaddedtothechickenbreastmeat.D.Theyarethenaturalformsofthechickenbreastmeat.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheshapesofMcDonald’sChickenNuggets?A.Theballandthebellareofthesamesize.B.Theboneshapeismostattractivetosmallkids.C.Theregularshapesmakeprocessingeasierandsafer.D.Thedifferentshapescanarousepeople’simagination.14.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetothenumberfourofMcDonald’sChickenNuggets?A.Positive. B.Disapproving. C.Doubtful. D.Uncaring.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ThehistoryofMcDonald’sChickenNuggets.B.AwarningagainsteatingMcDonald’sChickenNuggets.C.TheintroductionofMcDonald’sChickenNuggets’fourshapes.D.AnexplanationoftheprocessingofMcDonald’sChickenNuggets.【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作。【12题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“Beforeitgoestothefryer,thegroundchickenbreastmeatthatwillbeeMcNuggetsgoesthrougha“rollingcookiecutter”machine.Thecutterensuresthatthenuggetstobeareallthesamewidthandoneoffourshapes.Theshapesarethe“boot,”the“bell,”the“ball,”andthe“bone”(or“bowtie”).(在进入油炸锅之前，将成为麦乐鸡块的磨碎的鸡胸肉经过“滚动饼干切割机”。切割机确保待切割的鸡块都是相同的宽度和四种形状之一。形状有“靴子”、“铃铛”、“球”和“骨头”（或“领结”）)”可知，麦当劳鸡块的形状是由切割机加工的。故选A项。【13题详解】细节理解题。由第四段中的“Apanyrepresentativerepliedthattheshapesandtheirsimilarsizesensurethattheyalltakethesametimetocook,whichisnecessarytoensurefoodsafety.(一位公司代表回答说，这些形状和它们相似的尺寸确保了它们都需要相同的时间来烹饪，这是确保食品安全所必需的)”可知，麦当劳鸡块规则的形状使加工更容易、更安全。故选C项。【14题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段“Andwhyisfourtheluckynumber?Well,theQ&.Apageclaimsthat“threewould’vebeentoofew.Fivewould’vebeen,like,sillyorunreasonable.”Honestly,though,wedoubtMcDonald’sconsumerswouldhavereallycaredeitherway.(为什么四是幸运数字？好吧，Q&.A页面声称“三个太少了。五个太傻或不合理了。”但老实说，我们怀疑麦当劳消费者是否真的会在意这两种情况)”可知，对于麦乐鸡块选用数字“4”这件事，作者认为消费者并不在意，可得出身为消费者的一员，作者也并不关心（Uncaring）。故选D项。【15题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了麦乐鸡块的四种形状，它是如何做成四种形状的，麦乐鸡块四种形状的不同，以及为什么麦乐鸡块要按四种形状制作，可得出全文以“麦乐鸡块的四种形状”为中心，C项“麦乐鸡块的四种形状介绍”符合文意。故选C项。第二节(共5小题；每小题分，满分分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Everynewexerciseroutineesanewriskofinjury,whetherit’sinjuringamusclefromliftingordevelopingkneepainfromrunning.Somepeopleareunwillingtoexerciseforfearofinjury.____16____Thereareestimated8.6millionsportsrelatedinjurieseachyearinAmerica.However,withtherightmethods,youcandevelopawellroundedexerciseroutine,onethatenlargesthebenefitswhilereducingtheriskofinjury.____17____Oneverymonissueinrunnersiskneepain,whichisoftencalled“runner’sknee.”Topreventit,forsomepeople,it’susefultowarmupbeforerunning.Anothermonoveruseinjuryamongrunnersisstressfractures(骨折).Thisoftenhappenswhenarunnertriestoaddtoomanymilestooquickly,withouttakingenoughrestdays.Bothoftheseinjuriestendtohappenbecauserunnersdidsomethingoutoftheordinaryparedtowhattheyweretrainedtodo.Takerestdays,buildupyourmileage(里程)graduallyandbineregularstrengthtraining.____18____Aswithotherinjuries,theriskincreasestowardtheendofaworkout.It’sveryessentialtolistentoyourbody.____19____Whenitestomakingprogressinaworkoutroutine,continuousexercisewithagradualprogressionisstronglyremended.Exercisecanputsomeoneatriskofinjury.____20____Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenpushingyourselftogetbetterandpushingyourselftowardaninjury.Soencourageyourselftodosomethingthatyouareconfidentindoing.A.Thesefearsarebasedonfacts.B.Turntoamixtureofsportsdoctors.C.Thistypeofexercisecanincreasetheriskofinjury.D.Therefore,theriskofhurtingyourselfwilldecrease.E.Butnotexercisingputssomeoneatriskofpoorhealth.F.Adjustintime,especiallywhentirednessstartstoaffectyourform.G.Runnersmayeacrosstwomainsortsofinjuriesrelatedtooveruse.【答案】16.A17.G18.D19.F20.E【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了锻炼会带来新的受伤风险，但通过正确的方法，可以降低受伤风险，获得益处。【16题详解】上文“Somepeopleareunwillingtoexerciseforfearofinjury.(有些人因为害怕受伤而不愿意锻炼)”讲人们对锻炼会受伤的恐惧，下文“Thereareestimated8.6millionsportsrelatedinjurieseachyearinAmerica.(据估计，美国每年有860万人因运动受伤)”讲这种恐惧是有事实依据的。由此可知，人们的担心是有理可循的。A选项“这些恐惧是基于事实的。”切题。故选A项。【17题详解】下文“Oneverymonissueinrunnersiskneepain,whichisoftencalled“runner’sknee.”(跑步者的一个非常常见的问题是膝盖疼痛，这通常被称为“跑步膝”)”和“Anothermonoveruseinjuryamongrunnersisstressfractures(骨折).(在跑步者中，另一种常见的过度使用损伤是应力性骨折)”推知，跑步主要会造成两种伤害，G选项“跑步者可能会遇到与过度使用有关的两种主要损伤。”切题。故选G项。【18题详解】由上文“Bothoftheseinjuriestendtohappenbecauserunnersdidsomethingoutoftheordinaryparedtowhattheyweretrainedtodo.Takerestdays,buildupyourmileage(里程)graduallyandbineregularstrengthtraining.(这两种伤害都会发生，因为跑步者所做的事情与他们所接受的训练不同。休息几天，逐步增加里程数，并结合常规力量训练)”可知，跑步可能会有伤害，但通过正确合理的运动方式，伤害会降低，D选项“因此，伤害自己的风险会降低。”与上文是因果关系，讲明正确合理运动方式产生的好的结果——降低伤害的风险。故选D项。【19题详解】由上文“Aswithotherinjuries,theriskincreasestowardtheendofaworkout.It’sveryessentialtolistentoyourbody.(与其他损伤一样，在训练结束时，风险会增加。倾听你的身体是非常重要的)”可知，避免受伤的方法之一就是倾听你的身体，承接上文，F选项“及时调整，尤其是当疲劳开始影响你的状态时。”讲明如发现自己身体不对劲之后你应该采取的策略——调整运动量或方式。故选F项。【20题详解】根据上文“Exercisecanputsomeoneatriskofinjury.(运动会使人有受伤的危险)”和下文“Thereshouldbeabalancebetweenpushingyourselftogetbetterandpushingyourselftowardaninjury.Soencourageyourselftodosomethingthatyouareconfidentindoing.(应该在促使自己变得更好和促使自己受伤之间取得平衡。所以鼓励自己做一些你有信心做的事情)”可知，虽然运动有让人受伤的风险，但还是要运动，关键是做好平衡。E选项“但不锻炼会使人面临健康不佳的风险。”切题。故选E项。第三部分语言运用(共三节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ItwasabrightMayafternoonalongthecoast.Bauerandhis13yearolddaughter,Ava,weretaking___21___ofit.Theyweredrivingwiththewindowsdownastheyheadedhomeonanarrowbridge.Suddenly,thecalmwas___22___bythesqueal(摩擦声)oftires.Notfaraheadofthem,atruckwas___23___fromonelane(车道)totheother.Itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier,and___24___hangingovertherailing(栏杆)ofthebridge.Bauerstoppedthecar___25___toavoidit.Thetruckdriver’sdooropened.Amanclimbedoutand___26___totheground.Bauerranupbesidehim.Hepointeddown,sayingsomethinginSpanish.Inthewaterwasacarseat,agirl,abouttwoyearsold,___27___,floatingonherbackandscreaming.Mattersquicklywentfrombadtofrighteningwhenthegirl___28___ontoherstomach.Bauerwaitedforthedrivertodosomething,buthedidn’t.Maybehewas___29___.Bauerjumpedintothewaterwithout_____30_____.Heswamtothegirlandliftedheroutofthewater.Standing,helaidheragainsthisshoulderandknockedonher_____31_____withhishand.eon⋯eon⋯Wakeup!_____32_____,hereyeswereopenednow,focusedonhim.Hepulledherclose,hugginghertoprotectherfromthe_____33_____.Minuteslater,thegirlwassentto_____34_____.Thegirlsufferedabrokenshoulderbutwasotherwiseuninjured.AvaBauerwas_____35_____byherfather’actionsthatfourmonthslatershebecameacadet(实习生)firefightersothatshe,too,couldsavelives.21.A.advantage B.hold C.possession D.charge22.A.deserted B.ignored C.influenced D.ruined23.A.sliding B.following C.parking D.approaching24.A.hid B.waited C.rested D.appeared25.A.intime B.bychance C.onpurpose D.invain26.A.dropped B.hurried C.wandered D.returned27.A.embarrassed B.terrified C.excited D.relaxed28.A.rolledover B.stoodup C.calmeddown D.setoff29.A.discouraged B.puzzled C.shocked D.ashamed30.A.permission B.difficulty C.doubt D.hesitation31.A.back B.stomach C.head D.chest32.A.Slowly B.Surprisingly C.Hopelessly D.Immediately33.A.loneliness B.hunger C.cold D.tiredness34.A.school B.hospital C.home D.hotel35.A.relieved B.annoyed C.surprised D.inspired【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.C25.A26.A27.B28.A29.C30.D31.A32.A33.C34.B35.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了鲍尔和女儿回家途中，鲍尔及时避免车祸，还救了因车祸出事的小女孩的故事。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔和他13岁的女儿艾娃正在利用这一机会。A.advantage优点；B.hold把手；C.possession占有；D.charge指责。由上文的“ItwasabrightMayafternoonalongthecoast.(这是一个阳光明媚的五月下午)”可知，父女俩自然要好好利用这样的日子来休闲，takeadvantageof(利用)。故选A项。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：突然，轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。A.deserted抛弃；B.ignored忽视；C.influenced影响；D.ruined破坏。由下文的“Itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，可得出是轮胎的摩擦声破坏了平静。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他们前面不远处，一辆卡车正从一条车道滑到另一条车道。A.sliding滑行；B.following跟随；C.parking停车；D.approaching靠近。由下文的“Itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，发生了车祸，车撞上了混凝土护栏，说明这辆卡车从一条车道滑到了另一条车道上。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它撞上了混凝土护栏，停靠在桥栏杆上。A.hid躲藏；B.waited等待；C.rested停靠；D.appeared出现。由上文的“Itcrashedintoaconcretebarrier(它撞上了混凝土护栏)”可知，车撞上了混凝土护栏，车就会停下来，最终停靠在桥栏杆上。故选C项。【25题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：鲍尔及时停下了车，避开了它。A.intime及时；B.bychance偶然；C.onpurpose故意；D.invain徒劳。由下文的“toavoidit”可知，鲍尔应该是及时停车了，才避免了事故。故选A项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个人爬了出来，摔倒在地。A.dropped(意外地)落下；B.hurried匆忙；C.wandered漫游；D.returned回来。由上文的“Thetruckdriver’sdooropened.Amanclimbedout(卡车司机的门开了。一个人爬了出来)”可知，车祸司机此时应该很慌乱，打开车门，爬出驾驶室时意外跌落在地。故选A项。【27题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：水里有一个汽车座椅，一个两岁左右的女孩吓坏了，仰面漂浮，尖叫着。A.embarrassed尴尬的；B.terrified害怕的；C.excited兴奋的；D.relaxed放松的。由下文的“screaming”可知，小女孩因车祸连人带车坐椅被抛出车外，在水里尖叫着，应该是害怕的。故选B项。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当女孩翻过身（俯卧漂在水面）时，事情很快就变得糟糕到可怕。A.rolledover翻转；B.stoodup起立；C.calmeddown冷静；D.setoff出发。由上文的“floatingonherback”可知，女孩一开始是仰面漂浮，而鲍尔觉得事情变糟糕了，应该是女孩出现大危险了，可得出应该是女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了。故选A项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许他吓坏了。A.discouraged泄气的；B.puzzled困惑的；C.shocked惊魂未定的；D.ashamed羞愧的。由上文的“Bauerwaitedforthedrivertodosomething,buthedidn’t.(鲍尔等着司机做些什么，但他没有)”可知，女孩处境危险，但司机并未行动，鲍尔推测司机应该是震惊地吓坏了。故选C项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲍尔毫不犹豫地跳入水中。A.permission许可；B.difficulty困难；C.doubt怀疑；D.hesitation犹豫。由下文的“Heswamtothegirlandliftedheroutofthewater.(他游到女孩身边，把她从水中抬了出来)”可知，鲍尔救了女孩，他应该是毫不犹豫地跳入水中。故选D项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他站着，把她靠在肩膀上，用手敲打她的背部。A.back背部；B.stomach胃部；C.head头；D.chest胸。由上文语境和下文的“eon⋯eon⋯Wakeup!(加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，女孩翻过身，俯卧漂在水面上了，有溺水危险，鲍尔拍女孩背部是想唤醒女孩。故选A项。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：慢慢地，她的眼睛睁开了，专注于他。A.Slowly慢地；B.Surprisingly惊人地；C.Hopelessly毫无希望地；D.Immediately立即。由上文的“eon⋯eon⋯Wakeup!(加油……加油……醒醒)”可知，鲍尔拍女孩背部试图唤醒女孩，这个过程是缓慢的。故选A项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他把她拉近，拥抱她以保护她免受寒冷。A.loneliness孤独；B.hunger饥饿；C.cold寒冷；D.tiredness疲倦。由上文语境可知，五月份，女孩因车祸漂在水里，鲍尔怕女孩失温，拥抱她是为了不让她寒冷。故选C项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，女孩被送往医院。A.school学校；B.hospital医院；C.home家；D.hotel旅馆。由下文的“Thegirlsufferedabrokenshoulder(这个女孩肩膀骨折)”可知，女孩因车祸受伤了，自然要送往医院。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：艾娃·鲍尔受到了父亲的鼓舞，四个月后，她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命。A.relieved解脱；B.annoyed恼怒；C.surprised使惊讶；D.inspired鼓舞。由下文的“shebecameacadet(实习生)firefightersothatshe,too,couldsavelives(她成为了一名消防学员，这样她也可以挽救生命)”可知，艾娃成为了一位救人的消防学员，是受到了父亲救人事件的鼓舞。故选D项。第二节(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.AttheendofMay,eventswereheldtohonorthe110thanniversaryofthebirthofnuclearphysicistWuChienshiung.______36______(pare)withphysicistssuchasMarieCurie,WuisnotahouseholdnameinChina,butshewasoneofthemostimportantnuclearphysicistsofthe20thcentury,whochangedhuman’sviewof_____37_____universe.WuwasbornonMay31,1912,inTaicang,___38___theYangtzeRiverflowsintotheEastSea.Herfather,WuZhongyi,___39___(found)thefirstschoolforgirlsinTaicangin1913.Heaimed_____40_____(break)theoldbeliefthatitwaswomen’svirtuetohavenotalents.Thefather,_____41_____(absorb)themerits(长处)ofWesternideaswhilebearingthegreatthoughtsrooteddeepinChinesecultureinmin