山东省滨州市校联考2022-2023学年高二下学期5月月考英语试题

2022~2023学年5月联合质量测评试题高二英语注意事项:1.本试卷由四个部分组成。满分150分,考试时间120分钟。2.考生作答时,请将答案答在答题卡上。选择题每小题选出答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑;非选择题请用直径毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效,在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效。第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whereareprobablythespeakers?A.Intheparkinglot. B.Intheshoppingmall. C.Inthecar.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Pleasedropmeoffhere.M:Sorry.Wecan’tstophere.Thisisafireexit.Noparkingisallowed.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howmuchhasthepriceofthedressedown?A.$70. B.$80. C.$150.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Isthatdressnew?W:Yes,Ijustboughtit.I’vewanteditforseveralmonths,butitwastooexpensive.Itwasoriginally$150butwasreducedfinallyto$80.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthewomanmeanintheend?A.AliceisnotfullofenergyB.Aliceistooenthusiastic.C.Aliceisnotsuitableforthejob.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Well,doyouthinkAliceissuitableforthejob?M:Yes,shehaslotsofenergyandsheisenthusiastic.W:Hmm…Butwhatwereallyneedisthepersonwhohassufficientexperience.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthemainideaoftheconversation?A.Anidea. B.Anannouncement. C.Adustbin.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Didyouseethenewnotice?Allgarbagecanonlybethrownintothebinsafterbeingsortedfromnextmonth.Thosewhoviolatethismeasurewillbefined200yuan.M:Butgarbagesortingoftenconfusesme.IamafraidthatIcan’tdoitcorrectly.5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatisthewomangoingtodofirst?A.Changeherclothes. B.Gototheyogaroom. C.Takeasaunabath.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Doyouhaveagym?Iwanttodoyoga.M:Yeah,itisonthesecondfloor,nexttothesauna.W:Okay,I’llgoafterIgetdressed.第二节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Classmates. C.Familymembers.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisetheboytodo?A.Takebetternotes. B.Havemoreselfreflection. C.Readalittlemore.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】M:MissWatson,doyouhaveaminute?W:Ofcourse.What’sthematter?M:IwanttoknowifIamdoingOK.W:Let’sseeyourscoressofar.DoyouthinkyouaredoingOK?M:IamafraidthatImightnotdoallthatwell.W:IseethatyouaredoingOKinsomeareas,butnotsowellinothers.M:IthinkIcouldtakebetternotesandreadalittlemore.W:Youcangreatlyimproveyourgradesbyalwaysreflectingonwhatyoucanimproveon.M:I’llworkonit!W:JustdoyourbestandIamsurethatyouwillgetsomeimprovement.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.WheredoesBethprobablyworknow?AAtarestaurant. B.Inalawfirm. C.Inaschool.9.WhydidBethquitherpreviousjob?A.Shefounditstressful.B.Shedislikedhercolleagues.C.Shewasunsatisfiedwiththesalary.10.HowdoesWilliamfeelabouthisjob?A.Totallydisappointed. B.Generallycontent. C.Abitconfused.【答案】8.C9.A10.B【解析】【原文】M:Hey,Beth,overhere.W:Oh,William.Howhaveyoubeen?M:I’mdoingfine.Howaboutyou?Doyouworkorstudy?W:I’mokay.I’mcurrentlyanEnglishteacher.Andyou?M:Ididn’tgotocollege.Iwentstraighttocookingclassesandfoundjobs.AndnowI’mworkingasachef.Whydoyouchoosethatjob?W:Iwaspreviouslyalawyerandfoundittobestressfulandneverhadanyfreetime.SoIquititandfoundthecurrentjob.M:Didyouhaveapassionforteaching?W:Yes,sinceIwasachild.Youalsolikecooking,right?M:Yes.Workingatarestaurantisexhausting,butpeoplearesonicetome.AndI’msatisfiedwithmysalary.Doyouenjoyyourjob?W:Mostofthetime.It’sveryrewardingtobeabletohelpothers,andthestudentshereareveryhardworking.M:Anddoyougetonwellwithyourcoworkers?W:Sure.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.Whatdoesthewomanplainabout?A.Thebuildingsecurity. B.Thebuildingpolicy. C.Theloudmusic12.Whendoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?AInthemorning. B.Intheafternoon. C.Intheevening.13.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Talktohisneighbor. B.Gotothe16thfloor. C.Turnoffthemusicplayer.【答案】11.C12.C13.B【解析】【原文】W:Hi,isthisthebuildingsecurityoffice?M:Yes.WhatcanIhelpyouwith?W:I’mSharon,aresidentofthisbuilding.Iliveonthe16thfloorandIwanttoreportaproblem.M:Yes,canyoubemorespecific?W:Myneighborisplayingmusicloud.M:OK,calmdown,madam.Whatisyourneighbor’snameandhousenumber?W:Idon’tknowhernamebutherhousenumberis1602.M:Hadyouspokentoheraboutthisproblem?W:Yes,andshesaiditwasherbirthdayparty.ButIhavetogetupearlytomorrow.M:Iunderstand.Ourbuildingpolicydoesn’tallowresidentstoplaymusicloudlyafter8:00p.m.W:Ibelieveotherpeoplewholiveonourfloorfeelunfortable,too.M:Yes,madam.Don’tworry,I’llgettheremyselftotalktoher.Yourproblemwillbesolvedverysoon.W:Thatwouldbenice.Thankyousomuch.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.Whatisthemandoingatfirst?A.Confirmingsomeinformation.B.plimentingthewoman.C.Givingdirections.15.Wheredidthemanattenduniversity?A.IntheUS. B.InCanada. C.IntheUK.16.Whatdoesthemando?A.He’sajournalist. B.He’saneditor. C.He’saprogrammer.17.WhatisthemainreasonforthemantoetoChina?A.Towork. B.Toseeafriend. C.Togosightseeing.【答案】14.A15.B16.B17.A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,doesthissubwaygototheBakeryCafe?W:Yes.Youhave6stopsleft.Oh,Ilikeyouraccentverymuch.AreyouanEnglishnativespeaker?M:Thanks.IwasborninLondon.W:Oh?Didyougrowupthere?M:No,IgrewupinManchester.MyfamilymovedtoManchesterwhenIwasjustakid.W:WheredidyougotocollegeifImayask?M:IwenttocollegeinOntario,Canada.W:Whatdidyoumajorin?M:Imajoredinputerscienceatfirst,butIwasnotinterestedinit.SoIchangedmymajorandfocusedonjournalism.W:Oh,that’sreallycool.Andwhendidyoufinishcollege?M:Intheyear2020.ThenIwenttoNewYorkandstartedworkingasaneditorforamagazine.I’mstillthere.W:Great!SodoyouetoChinaforsightseeing?M:No.Imainlyetovisitapartnerpany.NowIhavealittlesparetime,soIamonthewaytoseemyfriend.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】18.WhatpercentageofseniorsintheUKwouldtalkwiththreepeopleaweekatmost?A.About55%. B.Just26%. C.Over20%.19.Whatweremorethanhalfofseniorsafraidof?A.Leavingtheirhomes. B.Partingfromtheirchildren. C.Takingearlyretirement.20.Whatdidthesurveyof2,000Britishaged16—45show?A.Aminorityofthemworriedabouttheirelderyears.B.Onethirdofthemwantedtohelpseniors.C.30%ofthemfelttooshytotalkwithseniors.【答案】18.C19.A20.C【解析】【原文】M:Accordingtothesurveyof1,896seniorsintheUnitedKingdom,morethanoneinfivewouldhaveaconversationwithnomorethanthreepeopleoverthespanofanentireweek!Thattranslatedtonearly2.6millionelderlyfolkswhodidn’tenjoyregularhumancontactonadailybasis.Perhapsthemostalarmingisthatresearcherssaidanalarming225,000individualswouldgoaweekwithouttalkingtoanyonefacetoface.Thesurveyalsorevealedthatoverhalfofseniorswerewillingtotakeearlyretirement.Theysaidtheyknewtheycouldbetakengoodcareofiftheytooktheirchildren’sadvice,movingintothenursinghomes.Buttheywereunabletoacceptthisidea.Theyweresoscaredofleavingtheironlyhomestheyhadlivedformostoftheirlives.Meanwhile,anothersurveyof2,000peopleaged1645intheUKshowedthat55%ofyoungerfolksadmittedtoworryingaboutbeinglonelyintheirelderyears.Withthatinmind,twothirdsofthosepeoplesaidtheywantedtodosomethingtohelpboosttheconfidenceofalonelysenior,but37%worriedthatsuchagesturewouldn’tbewellreceived.Another30%felttooshytosparkupaconversationwithseniors.27%admittedtheywerenotsurehowtohelp,andaquartersaidtheyweresimplytoobusythemselves.第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题分,满分分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ABestspringdestinationsinTibetTheQinghaiTibetPlateauhaslongbeenanidealandmysteriousdestinationforvisitorswhoarepassionateaboutexploringremotelands.HereweremendsomeofthebesttouristdestinationsinTibet.PeachBlossomValley,NyingchiThepeachblossomsinNyingchihavebeendubbedas“themostbeautifulpeachflowersintheworld”.Theannualfestivalhasbeeasignaturetourismeventontheplateau.Peachtreesbloomdependingonthealtitudeandclimate,sovisitorswillhavethechancetoenjoytheblossoms.RanwuLakeRanwuLakeisrenownedforitstranquilityanditspurityofblueness.Sceneryalongthelakesidevariesagooddealwithgrass,forest,autumnleaves,whitewaterfowlandcolorfulpebblesclearlyreflectedinthemirrorlikewater.Springing,areflectionofgreentreesdancesonthelakeandpeoplefeelliketheyarewalkingintoaromanticdreamland.TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyonTheGrandCanyonisthedeepestcanyonintheworld.Withatotallengthofabout500kilometers,itsaltitudespansfrom7,782metersto550metersaroundtheYarlungZangboRiverValley.Visitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthesnowcappedmountains.NanyiValleyNanyiValleyisknownas“thehighestgreenmysteriousplaceonEarth”.Surroundedbymountainsandshroudedinclouds,NanyiValleyisanidealspringdestinationforvisitors,whereyoucanfindpeachandazaleablossomseverywhere.21.Ifyoupreferthepeaceandtheclearsky,whichdestinationwillyouchoose?A.PeachBlossomValley,Nyingchi. B.RanwuLake.C.TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon. D.NanyiValley.22.WhatdoPeachBlossomValley,NyingchiandNanyiValleyhaveinmon?A.Appreciatingazaleaflowers. B.Watchingwhitewaterfowl.C.Enjoyingpeachblossoms. D.Admiringsnowcappedmountains.23.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Amagazine. C.Atravelbrochure. D.Awebsite.【答案】21.B22.C23.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要推荐了四个西藏值得去的旅游目的地。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据RanwuLake部分的“RanwuLakeisrenownedforitstranquilityanditspurityofblueness.(然乌湖以其宁静和纯净的蓝色而闻名。)”可知，然乌湖由于它的宁静和纯净的蓝色而闻名，由此可知，如果你喜欢宁静和晴朗的天空，然乌湖是你选择的目的地。故选B项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据PeachBlossomValley,Nyingchi部分的“Peachtreesbloomdependingonthealtitudeandclimate,sovisitorswillhavethechancetoenjoytheblossoms.(桃树开花取决于海拔和气候，所以游客将有机会欣赏桃花。)”，以及TheYarlungZangboRiverGrandCanyon部分中的“Visitorscanenjoyboththepeachblossomsandthesnowcappedmountains.(游客可以欣赏桃花和雪山。)”和NanyiValley部分中的“Surroundedbymountainsandshroudedinclouds,NanyiValleyisanidealspringdestinationforvisitors,whereyoucanfindpeachandazaleablossomseverywhere.(群山环抱，云雾缭绕，南一谷是游客们春天的理想去处，在这里你可以看到到处都是桃花和杜鹃花。)”可知，在以上三个地方都有机会欣赏到桃花，所以这三处的共同之处是可以欣赏桃花盛开。故选C项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Therearesomeotherattractions.Moreinformation,pleasebrowse:///.(还有其他一些吸引人的地方。更多信息，请浏览。)”可知，还有其他的景点，可以浏览网站了解更多信息，所以本文出自一个网站。故选D项。BYvonChouinard,whostartedthepanyPatagonia,gaveallthestocksofthepanytoatrustandanonprofitgroupinSeptember2022.MrChouinardisarockclimberwhobeganclimbinginthe1960s.Backthen,hecreatedapanythatmadeclimbingequipment.Thebusinessclosed,butMrChouinardwasleftwithalifelongloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheenvironment.MrChouinardbeganPatagoniainthe1970s.Patagoniasellsclothesaimedatoutdooractivities.Overtime,thepanychangedthewayitdidbusinesstodoabetterjobofprotectingtheenvironment.Since1986,Patagoniahasgiven1%ofthemoneyitmakesfromsalestogroupsthatworktoprotecttheenvironment.MrChouinard,whoisnow83yearsold,wasworriedaboutwhatmighthappenedafterhedied.Hemadethedecisionafterconsideringotheroptions,includingsellingthepanyanddonatingtheprofits.“Butwecouldn’tbesureanewownerwouldmaintainourvaluesorkeepourteamofpeoplearoundtheworldemployed,”hesaid.Sohecameupwithanewandunusualplan:hegavehispanyaway.Andhediditinawaythathelpedprotectboththepanyandtheenvironment.MrChouinardgaveawayallthevotingstockofthepany(2%ofthetotalstock)toasmallgroupcalledthePatagoniaPurposeTrust.Itwillmakeallthedecisionsaboutthewaythepanyismanaged.Theother98%ofthepanyhasbeengiventoanonprofitgroupcalledtheHoldfastCollectiveanditwilluseeverydollarreceivedfromPatagoniatoprotectnatureandbiodiversity.24.WhatdoweknowaboutPatagonia?A.Ithasahistoryofmorethan60years.B.Itisapanymakingclimbingequipment.C.Itpaysspecialattentiontoenvironmentalprotection.D.Itisanonprofitorganizationfightingagainstclimatechange.25.WhatwasMrChouinard’sconcernaboutsellingthepany?A.Patagoniawouldbeenonprofit.B.Patagoniawouldberuninadifferentway.CPatagoniawouldbemanagedinthewronghand.D.Patagoniawouldencounteragreateconomicchallenge.26.WhatareMrChouinard’spersonalities?A.Tolerantandgenerous B.CaringandfarsightedC.Hardworkingandwarmhearted D.Optimisticandperseverant27.WhichproverbcanbestdescribeMrChouinard’splan?A.Killtwobirdswithastone. B.Twoheadsarebetterthanone.C.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.【答案】24.C25.B26.B27.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍的是Patagonia公司的创始人YvonChouinard把公司的股票交给了以及信托基金机构和非营利性组织。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thebusinessclosed,butMrChouinardwasleftwithalifelongloveoftheoutdoorsandarespectfortheenvironment.(这家公司倒闭了，但Chouinard先生留下了对户外活动的终身热爱和对环境的尊重。)”以及第三段中的“Overtime,thepanychangedthewayitdidbusinesstodoabetterjobofprotectingtheenvironment.Since1986,Patagoniahasgiven1%ofthemoneyitmakesfromsalestogroupsthatworktoprotecttheenvironment.(随着时间的推移，该公司改变了经营方式，以更好地保护环境。)”可知，Chouinard终生热爱户外活动，尊敬大自然，他所创建的公司Patagonia改变经营方式为了更好地保护环境，由此可知，Patagonia公司特别关注环保问题。故选C项。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“MrChouinard,whoisnow83yearsold,wasworriedaboutwhatmighthappenedafterhedied.Hemadethedecisionafterconsideringotheroptions,includingsellingthepanyanddonatingtheprofits.“Butwecouldn’tbesureanewownerwouldmaintainourvaluesorkeepourteamofpeoplearoundtheworldemployed,”hesaid.(现年83岁的Chouinard担心自己死后会发生什么。他在考虑了其他选择后做出了决定，包括出售公司和捐赠利润。“但我们不能确定新东家是否会维持我们的价值观，或者让我们在世界各地的团队继续受雇，”他说。)”可知，MrChouinard决定卖掉公司并捐赠利润，但是不能确保新的公司会继续保持他们原来的价值观或保证团队在世界各地就业，由此可知，Patagonia担心卖掉供公司后，新公司可能会按照新的方式管理公司。故选B项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“MrChouinardbeganPatagoniainthe1970s.Patagoniasellsclothesaimedatoutdooractivities.Overtime,thepanychangedthewayitdidbusinesstodoabetterjobofprotectingtheenvironment.(Chouinard先生在20世纪70年代创立了巴塔哥尼亚。巴塔哥尼亚出售针对户外活动的服装。随着时间的推移，该公司改变了经营方式，以更好地保护环境。)”可知，MrChouinard在20世界70年代创办了服装公司Patagonia，出售针对户外活动的服装，而后改变经营方式为了更好地保护环境，由此可知，他是个有远见的人，根据第四段中的““Butwecouldn’tbesureanewownerwouldmaintainourvaluesorkeepourteamofpeoplearoundtheworldemployed,”hesaid.(“但我们不能确定新东家是否会维持我们的价值观，或者让我们在世界各地的团队继续受雇，”他说。)”可知，在他决定卖掉公司时，担心新公司主人会不会继续保持他们的价值观，也担心团队的人在世界各地的就业问题，由此可知，他是一个有爱心的人。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中的““Butwecouldn’tbesureanewownerwouldmaintainourvaluesorkeepourteamofpeoplearoundtheworldemployed,”hesaid.Sohecameupwithanewandunusualplan:hegavehispanyaway.Andhediditinawaythathelpedprotectboththepanyandtheenvironment.(“但我们不能确定新东家是否会维持我们的价值观，或者让我们在世界各地的团队继续受雇，”他说。于是，他想出了一个不同寻常的新计划:把自己的公司送人。他这样做的方式既保护了公司，也保护了环境。)”可知，MrChouinard担心卖掉公司后，新公司会改变他们的管理方式，所以他决定把公司捐出去，这样就可以按照既能帮助保护公司又能保护环境的方式管理公司，由此可以得出，MrChouinard的计划可用“一石二鸟”来概括。故选A项。CArobotmaybedefinedasamachinethatcanbeprogrammedtoperformactsautomatically.Withtheincreaseinhightechnology,robotsaretakingoverboringorinconvenientworkinmanyareasoflife.Oneareawhererobotsaremakinganappearanceisfarming.Thereisaroboticrevolutiongoingoninthemilkingindustry,andcows,aswellasfarmersareexperiencingthebenefits.Theadvantageforthecowsisthattheycanchoosewhenandhowmanytimesadaytheywanttobemilked.Ontheotherhand,farmersnolongerhavetogetupat4ameverydaytogotothemilkingshedsandthismakesahugedifferencetotheirwayoflife.Intraditionalfarming,cowsaremilkedtwiceaday,inthemorningandtheevening,mainlybecause:thisisthemostconvenientwayforfarmerstogettwomilkingsessionspletedinoneday.However,thisisnotnecessarilythebestwayforeachindividualcow.Becausetherobotsareprogrammedtomilkthecowswhenevertheyarrive,thecowscanbemilkedonce,twiceorevenfourtimesaday.Itisanentirelyvoluntarysystemforthecows.Theydecide.Farmersreportthatmidnightisaparticularlybusytimeatthemilkingshed.Theinterestingthingisthecowslikethesystemoncetheygetusedtoit.Farmersreportthatmilkproductionincreases,thecowslivelongerandtheyseemfarmorerelaxed.Theputerizedroboticsystemisentirelyautomatic.Asthecowsenterthefacility,theyareweighed,milkedandproductivityandhealthchecksarecarriedout.Thefacilitycleansitselfatregularintervals(间隔)andifthereisaproblem,therobotsendsthefarmeramessage.Equippingafarmwithrobotsisnotcheap.However,farmerswhohaveinstalledtheroboticmilkingsheds,saytheywouldnevergobacktotheoldsystem.Themonlyreportedsightofcowsqueuingpatientlyinfrontoftheirfavouriterobotmustmeanthecowslikeittoo.28.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?A.Totalkaboutakindofrobot. B.Totelltheimportanceofrobots.C.Tointroducetheapplicationsofrobots. D.Toprovidethedefinitionofroboticsystem.29.Whatbenefitmayrobotsbringtothecowsaccordingtothetext?A.Theycanbefreertobemilked. B.Theycanbemilkedtwiceaday.C.Theycanchoosethedaytobemilked. D.Theycangetupat4amtobemilked.30.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorprobablyagree?A.Theroboticsystemisentirelyautomaticexceptforhealthchecks.B.Theroboticsystemissoexpensivethatfarmerswillneverinstallone.C.Theroboticsystemisvoluntaryforcowstobemilkedoftheirownfreewill.D.Morningandeveningarethetwomostconvenientmilkingsessionsforcows.31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aroboticrevolutioninmilking B.CowsfavouritehelperC.Handsfreeforthefarmers D.Anexpensivemilkingshed【答案】28.C29.A30.C31.A【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种挤奶机器人，奶牛和农民都能从使用机器人中受益。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Arobotmaybedefinedasamachinethatcanbeprogrammedtoperformactsautomatically.Withtheincreaseinhightechnology,robotsaretakingoverboringorinconvenientworkinmanyareasoflife.(机器人可以被定义为一种可以通过编程自动执行动作的机器。随着高科技的发展，机器人正在接管生活中许多枯燥或不方便的工作。)”可知，第一段的目的是介绍机器人的应用。故选C项。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theadvantageforthecowsisthattheycanchoosewhenandhowmanytimesadaytheywanttobemilked.(对奶牛来说，这样做的好处是它们可以选择每天什么时候挤奶以及挤奶多少次)”可知，机器人给奶牛带来的好处是它们可以更自由地被挤奶。故选A项。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Becausetherobotsareprogrammedtomilkthecowswhenevertheyarrive,thecowscanbemilkedonce,twiceorevenfourtimesaday.Itisanentirelyvoluntarysystemforthecows.(由于机器人经过编程，只要它们到达，就会给奶牛挤奶，因此每天可以给奶牛挤奶一次、两次甚至四次。对奶牛来说，这是一个完全自愿的制度)”可推知，作者可能会同意机器人系统是自愿的，奶牛可以根据自己的意愿挤奶。故选C项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Oneareawhererobotsaremakinganappearanceisfarming.Thereisaroboticrevolutiongoingoninthemilkingindustry,andcows,aswellasfarmersareexperiencingthebenefits.(机器人正在出现的一个领域是农业。挤奶行业正在进行一场机器人革命，奶牛和农民都在从中受益)”再结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了一种挤奶机器人，以及它对奶牛和农民的好处，所以A项“挤奶的机器人改革”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。DThosewhodon’tliveincitiesoftenplainaboutorfeelsurprisedatthefactthatstrangersdon’ttalktoeachotherinurbanpublicplaces.Theyfeelsorryaboutthewayweseemtoincreasinglygetlostinmobiledevices,seeminglyoblivioustowhat’sgoingonaroundus.Butsociologistsrecognizethatthespacewegiveeachotherintheurbanplacesservesanimportantsocialfunction.WellknownsociologistErvingGoffmandevelopedtheconceptof“civilinattention”inhisbookBehaviorinPublicPlaces.Farfromignoringthosearoundus,Goffmanprovedthroughyearsofstudyingpeopleinpublicthatwhatwe’reactuallydoingispretendingtobeunawareofwhatothersaredoingaroundus,thereforeprovidingthemasenseofprivacy,astheydothesameforus.Goffmanprovedinhisresearchthatcivilinattentiontypicallyinvolvesatfirstamirrorformofsocialinteraction,likeverybriefeyecontact,theexchangeofheadnods,orweaksmiles.Followingthat,bothpartiesthentypicallyshintheireyesfromtheotherparty.Goffmantheorizedthatwhatweachieve,sociallyspeaking,withthiskindofinteraction,ismutual(相互的)recognitionthattheotherpresentcausesnothreattooursecurity,andwebothagree,tacitly(默契地),tolettheotheralonetodoastheyplease.Whenweprovidecivilinattentiontoothers,weeffectivelyapprovetheirbehavior.Sometimes,weusecivilinattentiontosavefacewhenwe’vedonesomethingwefeelembarrassedby,ortohelpmanagetheembarrassmentthatanothermightfeelifwewitnessthemtrip,ordropsomething.Civilinattentionisthusnotaproblem,butanimportantpartofmaintainingsocialorderinpublic.Forthisreason,problemsarisewhenthisnorm(规范)isbroken.Becauseweexpectitfromothersandseeitasnormalbehavior,wemayfeelthreatenedbysomeonewhodoesn’tgiveittous.Thisiswhywomenfeelthreatenedbythosewhocatcall(发嘘声)tothem,andwhyforsomemen,simplybeingstaredatbyanotherisenoughtocauseaphysicalfight.32.Howdoestheauthorbeginthistext?A.Bygivingpeopleawarning.B.Bygivingsomepeople’sfeelings.C.Byexplainingawayofsocializing.D.Bygivingaproblemwithtechnology.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“obliviousto”inParagraph1mostprobablymean?A.curiousaboutB.unsureaboutC.tiredofD.unawareof34.Whatdoweactuallymeanwhenwelookawayfromastranger,accordingtoGoffman?A.Weareignoringhimonarudebasis.B.Weareshowingourrespectforothers’privacy.C.Weareprotectingourselvesfromphysicalattacks.D.Weareworryingthatwecouldlosebelongings.35.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetextaboutcivilinattention?A.Civilinattentionhaspositiveeffectsonsocialinteraction.B.Civilinattentionhelpssavefacewhenwe’vedonesomethingwrong.C.CivilinattentionisunlinkedtosocialinteractionaccordingtoGoffman.D.Civilinattentionisatypeofnormalbehaviorwhichwemayfeelthreatened.【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文为一篇说明文。城市中陌生人不愿意在公众场合进行过多交谈，社会学家Goffman提出了“礼貌性疏忽”这一概念，认为这在社交互动生活中有着积极的影响。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Thosewhodon’tliveincitiesoftenplainaboutorfeelsurprisedatthefactthatstrangersdon’ttalktoeachotherinurbanpublicplaces.Theyfeelsorryaboutthewayweseemtoincreasinglygetlostinmobiledevices(那些不住在城市里的人经常抱怨或对陌生人在城市公共场所不说话感到惊讶。他们对我们越来越多地沉迷于移动设备感到遗憾)”及“Butsociologistsrecognizethatthespacewegiveeachotherintheurbanplacesservesanimportantsocialfunction.(但社会学家认识到，我们在城市中给彼此的空间发挥着重要的社会功能)”可知，文章第一段通过解释一种社交方式来开始叙述。故选C项。【33题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段“Theyfeelsorryaboutthewayweseemtoincreasinglygetlostinmobiledevices(他们对我们越来越多地沉迷于移动设备感到遗憾)”可知，我们越来越多地沉迷于移动设备，对于身边发生的事情是不关注的，obliviousto与unawareof为近义词，表示“对……是无意识的”。故选D项。

【34题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Farfromignoringthosearoundus,Goffmanprovedthroughyearsofstudyingpeopleinpublicthatwhatwe’reactuallydoingispretendingtobeunawareofwhatothersaredoingaroundus,thereforeprovidingthemasenseofprivacy,astheydothesameforus.Goffmanprovedinhisresearchthatcivilinattentiontypicallyinvolvesatfirstamirrorformofsocialinteraction,likeverybriefeyecontact,theexchangeofheadnods,orweaksmiles.Followingthat,bothpartiesthentypicallyshintheireyesfromtheotherparty.(戈夫曼并没有忽视我们周围的人，而是通过多年在公共场合对人们的研究证明，我们实际上在做的是假装不知道周围的人在做什么，从而为他们提供一种隐私感，因为他们也在为我们做同样的事情。戈夫曼在他的研究中证明，礼貌性疏忽通常首先包括一种镜像形式的社会互动，比如非常短暂的眼神交流、点头交换或微弱的微笑。在这之后，双方通常会把目光从对方身上移开。)”可知，当我们把目光从陌生人身上移开时，我们是在表达对他人隐私的尊重。故选B项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Goffmantheorizedthatwhatweachieve,sociallyspeaking,withthiskindofinteraction,ismutualrecognitionthattheotherpresentcausesnothreattooursecurity,andwebothagree,tacitly,tolettheotheralonetodoastheyplease.(戈夫曼的理论是，从社会的角度来说，我们通过这种互动所取得的成就是，我们相互认识到，在场的另一个人不会对我们的安全造成威胁，我们都心照不实地同意让另一个人去做他们喜欢做的事)”及最后一段“Civilinattentionisthusnotaproblem,butanimportantpartofmaintainingsocialorderinpublic.(因此，礼貌性疏忽不是一个问题，而是维护公共社会秩序的重要组成部分)”可知，礼貌性疏忽对社会互动有积极影响。故选A项。第二节(共5小题;每小题分,满分分)阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Almost40%ofpeoplesurveyedin13countrieshavereportedsleepissuesoverthepasttwoyears,accordingtotheJournalofClinicalSleepMedicine.It’snormaltowakeupatnight,especiallyasyouage,butnegativenewscanactivateyourmindandmakeithardtofallasleep.____36____Thefollowingtipscanhelp,too.Testyourpillow.Ifyouboughtyourpillowin2020,guesswhat?It’salreadyold.TheNationalSleepFoundationremendsreplacingthemeveryonetotwoyears.Apillowpastitsprimecancauseneckandshoulderpain—andrestlesssleep.____37____Ifyousleeponyourback,lookforathinnerpillow.Ifyousleeponyourside,athickerpillowisbetter.Getactiveduringtheday.____38____Itcanalsoincreasetheamountoftimeyouspendinthedeepstagesofsleepatnight.Trytostayactiveduringthedaybyparticipatinginactivitiesthatyouenjoy.Justdon’tworkouttooclosetobedtimeoritmayfurtherinterferewithyoursleep.____39____Wanttoreducethoseannoyingnighttimetripstothebathroom?Cutbackonpeanutsandcrisps.InaJapanesestudy,researchersfollowed321patientswithhighsaltdietsandsleepissuesfor12weeks.Whenpeoplecutdownonsalt,theiraveragebathroomtripsdecreasedfromtwiceanighttoonce.Tackleyourtroublesbeforedinner.Ifyouneedanairingofgrievances,don’twaituntilnighttime.“Rightbeforedinnerisagoodtimetoworkthingsout,”saysAshleyMason,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia.Ifyoustartanargumentafterdinner,yourquarrelingcancontinueuntilbedtime.____40____A.Keepahealthydiet.B.Skipsaltysnacksbeforebed.CRegularexercisecanhelpeasestressandanxiety.D.Apillowisrea