陆地卫星-英文版

Characteristic

LaunchedbyDateoflaunchDateofterminationAltitudeSensorRecurrentperiodLANDSAT-1NASA1972.7.231978.1.6915kmRBV/MSS18daysLANDSAT-2NASA1975.1.221982.2.25915kmRBV/MSS18daysLANDSAT-3NASA1978.3.51983.3.31915kmRBV/MSS18daysLANDSAT-4NASA1982.7.162001.6.15705kmMSS/TM16daysLANDSAT-5NASA1984.3.1Operating*1705kmMSS/TM16daysLANDSAT-6NASA1993.10.51993.10.5-ETM16daysLANDSAT-7NASA1999.4.15Operating*2705kmETM+16days*1:ThedatareceptionbyNASDAwasfinishedtoJun30,2001.

*2:ThedatareceptionbyNASDAwasfinishedtoNov30,2002.\第一页第二页，共31页。Overview

LANDSAT-1istheworldfirstearthobservationsatellitelaunchedbytheUnitedStatesin1972andamemorablesatellitewhichhasbeenrecognizedinavailabilitybeingcapableofobservingtheearthfarfromspace.Itsexcellentobservationabilitybroughtabouttheimportanceofstate-of-the-artremotesensing.FollowingLANDSAT-1,LANDSAT-2,3,4,5and7werelaunched,andcurrentlyLANDSAT-7isoperatedasamainsatellite.LANDSAT-5isequippedwithMultispectralScanner(MSS)andThematicMapper(TM).MSSisanopticalsensortoobservethereflectedsolarradiationfromtheearthsurfaceinfourdifferentspectralbandsbyacombinationoftheopticalsystemandthesensor.TMisamoreadvancedversionofobservationequipmentthanMSS,whichobservestheearth'ssurfacein7spectralbandsrangingfromvisibletothermalinfraredregions.LANDSAT-7isequippedwithEnhancedThematicMapperPlus(ETM+),thesuccessorofTM.TheobservationbandsarebasicallysamesevenbandsasTMandthenewlyaddedband8witha15mofhighresolution.第二页第三页，共31页。

WavelengthVisible:2bands

Near-infrared:2bandsSpatialResolution83mSwathWidth185km第三页第四页，共31页。

WavelengthVisible:3bands

Near-infraredandMiddle-infrared:3bands

Thermal-infrared:1bandSpatialResolutionVisible,Near-infraredandMiddle-infrared:30m

Thermal-infrared:120mSwathWidthAbout180km第四页第五页，共31页。Overview

TheETM+isanimprovedversionoftheLandsat4/5ThematicMapper(TM)payloads,butstillprovidesdatacontinuitywithallpriorLandsatmissions.ImprovementsintheinstrumentincludeincreasedspatialresolutionofthethermalIRband(Band6),improvementoftheradiometriccalibrationequipment,andtheadditionofapanchromaticband(Band8).BelowisasimplifieddiagramoftheETM+.

第五页第六页，共31页。Characteristic

BandwavelengthbandResolution10.45-0.52mm30m20.52-0.60mm30m30.63-0.69mm30m40.76-0.90mm30m51.55-1.75mm30m610.4-12.5mm60m72.08-2.35mm30m80.50-0.90mm15m第六页第七页，共31页。OrbitsofEarthObservationSatellites

Theorbitisthepathtakenbytheartificialsatellitesincludingearthobservationsatelliteswhentheyflyaroundtheearth.Thereareseveraltypesoforbits,andtheorbitisselecteddependingonpurposesofthesatellites.Earthobservationsatelliteshaveamajormissiontoobservetheentireearth,sotheycirclethemostsuitableSun-synchronoussub-recurrentorbit.Sun-synchronoussub-recurrentorbit

Sun-synchronoussub-recurrentorbitisacombinationofsun-synchronousorbitandsub-recurrentorbit.

第七页第八页，共31页。Withsun-synchronousorbit

Withsun-synchronousorbit,positioningbetweenthesatelliteandthesunisalwaysthesame,whichmeanstheareathesatellitefliesoveralwaysgetssamesunlightangle.Withthisorbit,theincidenceangle（入射角）ofsunlighttothelandsurfaceisalwaysthesame,anditallowstoobserveradiationandreflectionfromthelandsurfaceaccurately.

Asub-recurrentorbit

Asub-recurrentorbitmeansthatafteracertainnumberofdays,thesatelliterepeatsitsoriginalorbit.Thisorbitenablesthesatellitetoobservethesameareaatregularintervals.第八页第九页，共31页。

Sun-synchronousorbit

Sub-recurrentorbit第九页第十页，共31页。

SunSynchronousOrbitofLandsat7

SunElevationAngle

第十页第十一页，共31页。Satellitesandobits第十一页第十二页，共31页。第十二页第十三页，共31页。陆地卫星系列---SPOT卫星第十三页第十四页，共31页。86878889909192939495969798992000010203040506070809

SPOT5

SPOT4卫星运行服务中断发射日或重新开始服务日

SPOT1

SPOT2SPOT3

第十四页第十五页，共31页。Overview

TheFrenchearthobservationsatellitesSPOT-1,2,3and4werelaunchedintoasun-synchronoussub-recurrentorbitatanaltitudeofabout822kmin1986,1990,1993and1998respectively.SPOTcanobservenotonlytheearth'ssurfacejustunderneaththesatellitebutalsoslantwisetothesatellite'spathbychangingthescandirectionofthesensors.Itcanshortenthetimeperiodforobservingaspecifiedarearepetitively.SPOT-1,-2and-3areequippedwithCCDsensorscalledHighResolutionVisibleImagingSystem(HRV).SPOT-4isequippedwithtwoCCDsensors,HRV'ssuccessor,HighResolutionVisibleandInfrared(HRVIR)andVegetation(VGT)*1.TheobservationbandsofHRVIRarebasicallysameasHRVandthenewlyaddedband4,shortwaveinfrared(SWIR:1.58to1.75mm).VGTobserveswideareawithaswathof2,250km.

第十五页第十六页，共31页。ObservationBandVisible:2bands

Near-infrared:1band

Panchromatic-Band:1bandSpatialResolutionMultispectoral-Band:20m

Panchromatic-Band:10mSwathWidthAbout60km第十六页第十七页，共31页。

HRVIRScanningImage

第十七页第十八页，共31页。第十八页第十九页，共31页。

Spot立体像对

轨道旁向倾斜，像对最短时间差为0.5小时自动相关生成DEM，高程精度为7-11米(VirtuoZo)第十九页第二十页，共31页。

SPOT的倾斜观测功能重复观测能力单星：2－3天/次，多星：1天/次第二十页第二十一页，共31页。20°20°600KmmaxiHRS120Km立体成像装置HRS第二十一页第二十二页，共31页。Spot-5基本产品10米多光谱5米全色2.5米全色第二十二页第二十三页，共31页。+Spot-5增值产品

10米多光谱5米Pan第二十三页第二十四页，共31页。Spot5同轨立体像对Spot5HRS立体像对生成的10米高程精度DEM第二十四页第二十五页，共31页。二、陆地卫星系列---IKONOSIKONOS:1米全色4米多光谱1米全色-锐化轨道:680km,太阳同步,98.2º倾斜第二十五页第二十六页，共31页。

IKONOS光谱波段红波段.63-.69microns(4m)近红外.76-.90microns(4m)蓝波段.45-.52microns(4m)绿波段.52-.60microns(4m)全色.45-.90微米的图像(1m）第二十六页第二十七页，共31页。Overviewof

IKONOSSinceitslaunchinSeptember1999,SpaceImaging'sIKONOSearthimagingsatellitehasprovidedareliablestreamofimagedatathathasbecomethestandardforcommercialhigh-resolutionsatellitedataproducts.TheIKONOSsatelliteistheworld'sfirstcommercialsatellite

tocollectblack-and-whiteimageswith1-meterresolutionandmultispectralimagerywith4-meterresolution.SensorCharacteristics

TheIKONOSsatelliteweighsabout1600pounds.ItorbitstheEarthevery98minutesatanaltitudeofapproximately680kilometersor423miles.IKONOSwaslaunchedintoasun-synchronousorbit,passingagivenlongitudeataboutthesamelocaltime(10:30A.M.)daily.IKONOScanproduce1-meterimageryofthesamegeographyevery3days.SpectralRange

1-meterblack-and-white(panchromatic)

0.45-0.90mm.4-metermultispectral

Blue:0.45-0.52mm

Green:0.51-0.60mm

Red:0.63-0.70mm

NearIR:0.76-0.85mm第二十七页第二十八页，共31页。Thisone-meterresolutionsatelliteimageofManhattan,NewYorkwascollectedat11:43a.m.EDTonSept.12,2001bySpaceImaging'sIKONOSsat