【解析】安徽省“皖江名校”高三决战高考最后一卷英语试题

英语试题

本试卷由四个部分组成。其中，第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题。第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。考试时间120分钟，满分150分。考生注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上。听力部分结束前，你将有两分钟的时间将你的答案转涂到客观题答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后；你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A.HavingaholidayB.AskingforasickleaveC.WorkinginOsaka2.Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?A.WhatsportstoplayB.WheretodosportsC.Howtomeetpeople3.Wherearethespeakers?A.InahotelB.InarestaurantC.Athome4.WhenwillthemangototheGreatWall?A.InspringB.InsummerC.Inautumn5.WhywillthemangotoEdinburgh?A.TodrivethewomanthereB.TodosomesightseeingthereC.Tomeetsomeimportantpeople第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6至7题。6.Whichplacewillthemanseefirst?A.CentralMountain.B.LakePark.C.SpringSquare.7.WhatcanthemandoinSpringSquare?A.Enjoyfolkmusicanddancing.B.Buysomesouvenirs.C.Getaviewofthecity.听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。8.Whatdidthespeakersdolastyear?A.Theywentswimming.B.TheyattendedaNewYear'sEveparty.C.Theywentskiing.9.Howdoesthewomanfeelintheend?A.Worried.B.Annoyed.C.Excited.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whyisiteasytoseedifferentrocksinthedesert?A.Thereareveryfewplants.B.Itisalwaysbrightandsunny.C.Thewindsblowthesandsaway.11.WhatdidthewomandoonFriday?A.Shepreparedfortheexam.B.Shehadahistorylesson.C.Shewenttoaclassactivity.12.WhatwillthespeakersprobablydonextSaturday?A.Visitthedesert.B.Gotothemountains.C.Attendahistoryclass.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.WhatdidJennydolastnight?A.Shewenttoaconcert.B.ShesawaChristmasplay.C.Shewatchedabasketballgame.14.HowisAnnarelatedtoJenny?A.Jenny'sclassmate.B.Jenny'stutor.C.Jenny'ssister.15.WhatdoesJenny'smotherprobablydoforaliving?A.She'sapianist.B.She'sanurse.C.She'sababysitter.16.WhyisFredhavingtroublewithhisstudies?A.Heisbusywithhismusic.B.Hehastoworkintheorchestra.C.Hehasalotofresponsibilitiesathome.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whatcanwelearnaboutnuclearradiation?A.Anylevelofitcanbedangerous.B.Itonlykillsminorcells.C.Alittleofitissafe.18.WhichisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Allradiationisharmful.B.Radiowavescanbedeadly.C.Radiationwon'tbedeadly.19.Whyisnuclearradiationmysterious?A.Itcausesvitalhealthproblems.B.Itcausesdamageinawidearea.C.Itcannotbefeltbyoursenses.20.Whatisthedifferencebetweenmonradiowavesandnuclearradiation?A.Theformerisdetectable.B.Thelatterisharmful.C.Thelatterissensible.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AThere'ssomuchtodiscoveratthenewBellMuseumAudubonAnimatedJanuary25May31ThisfantasticexhibitbringstolifeartistJohnJamesAudubon'sBirdsofAmerica.Enter“TheAudubonExperience”videoroomandfindyourselfsurroundedbyavirtualswampandforestwhereAudubon'spaintedbirdsarebroughttolifethroughmotionandsound.ViewrareselectionsfromtheBell'sBirdsofAmericaelephantfolio.Flex(活动）yourcreativeandobservationalmusclesina“DrawlikeAudubon”handsonsketchingactivity.StarPartiesMonthly:January31,February28,March13,April3,May1HaveyoulookedattheringsofSaturn?ThemoonsofJupiter?ExploretheskywiththeBell!Free,informaltelescopeobservingnightsareinformationalandfunforthewholefamily.Bellstaffwillguideyouthroughobservationsofthesamecelestial(天空的）objectsthathaveinspiredskygazersthroughouthistory!SpaceFestFebruary1and2Joinusforourannualfestivalofthecosmos!We'llbecelebratingthemanywomeninspacescienceandtheircontributionstothefield.Therewillbespecialguestspeakers,sciencedemonstrations,specialplanetarium(天象馆）shows,andhandsonastronomyactivitiesallweekendlong.BellSummerCampsAdventuresforthepromisingscientistinyourlifeCampsgoonsaletoBellmembersonSaturday,February8,foranexclusiveweek'spresaleanddiscountsof$30/camponfullweekregistration.Bellcampsofferkidsinkindergarten8thgradeafunandenrichingenvironmentthatencouragesthemtoexploretheirscientificpassionsaswellasnewsubjects.Ourcampsincludehandsonactivities,planetariumvisits,games,creativeactivities,fieldtripstoseeresearchersandlabsaroundtheUniversity'sTwinCitiescampus,andmuchmore!1.WhichofthefollowingcanyoudoatAudubonAnimated?A.Drawingbirds. B.Takingfieldtrips.C.Observingthenightsky. D.Watchingasciencedemonstration.2.Whateventwouldyougotoifyouwanttocelebratewomeninspacescience?A.AudubonAnimated. B.StarParties. C.SpaceFest. D.BellSummerCamps.3.WhenshouldyoubuyticketsforBellSummerCampstosavemoney?A.OnJanuary25. B.OnFebruary1. C.OnFebruary8. D.OnMarch13.【答案】1.A2.C3.C【解析】本文是一篇广告布告短文阅读。文章介绍了新的贝尔博物馆可以去发现和参加的活动。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据文章

AudubonAnimated部分“Enter“TheAudubonExperience”videoroomandfindyourselfsurroundedbyavirtualswampandforestwhereAudubon'spaintedbirdsarebroughttolifethroughmotionandsound.”和“Flex（活动）yourcreativeandobservationalmusclesina“Drawlike

Audubon”handsonsketchingactivity.”可知，AudubonAnimated活动中可以画鸟。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章

SpaceFest部分“We’llbecelebratingthemanywomeninspacescienceandtheircontributions

to

thefield.(我们将庆祝许多从事太空科学的女性及其对该领域的贡献。)”可知，如果你想庆祝女性在太空科学方面的成就，就参加SpaceFest活动。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章

BellSummerCamps部分“Campsgoonsale

to

BellmembersonSaturday,February8,foranexclusiveweek’spresaleanddiscountsof$30/camponfullweekregistration.”可知，2月8日这一天有30美元的折扣优惠，所以可以省钱。故选C。BHereallydidlooklikeatourist,withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreenstickingoutofhistotebag.Theportlymansatontheterrace,sippinglemonadeandpretendingtolookataglossycruisebrochure.Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes,butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure:hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes.AsIbroughthimhisclamchowder(蛤肉菜汤）,hecoughedupa“thankyou”andlookedatmebriefly.Itriednottostareatthetinyscaracrosshislefteyebrow.Iwalkedbackinsidewithmyemptytray,shakingmyhead.Helookedfamiliar,butIcouldn'tquiteplacehim.Thenithitme.Thecaraccident.Themysterious(神秘的）strangerwhohelpedmeoutofmysmashedcar,justbeforeitexploded.Irushedbacktohistable.Hewasgone.Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistipalongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(观点）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.Itrembled.Thenightofmycaraccident,Iwasheadingforaninterviewinashadydanceclub.Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife.Iunfoldedthetipheleft.Amongthesingleswasagrandwithapenmarkunderlining“InGodWeTrust.”Isaidasilentprayerforhimandgotbacktowork,smiling.4.Whydidthemanetothisrestaurant?A.Togettraveltipsfromthebrochures. B.Tohavedeliciousclamchowder.C.Tospyonthewaitress. D.Tosaythanks.5.Whatcanbestdescribetheman?A.Brave. B.Honest. C.Generous. D.Transformed.6.Whatdoesthewaitressprobablywantthemantoknowthemost?A.Heisgratefultoher. B.Hechangedherperspectiveonlife.C.Shecouldhavediedinacaraccident. D.Sherememberswhoheis.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.AHappyAccident B.TwoSorrowfulPeopleC.AMysteriousStranger D.NeverTooLatetoSay“ThankYou”【答案】4.D5.D6.B7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。一个要去抢劫的陌生人在车祸中救了作者的命，改变了双方的生活，让作者看到了人性的善良，重拾生活的信心。【4题详解】推理判断题。第五段Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistip,alongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(观点）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.“我移动了他的茶托，找到了他的小费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯救你的生命让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!D先生。”由此可知，男士来这家餐厅是为了说“感谢”。故选D。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段Imovedhissaucerandfoundhistip,alongwithacard:Iamdeeplyindebtedtoyou.Thenightofyourcaraccident,Iwasonmywaytorobajewelrystore.Savingyourlifebroughtthingsbackinperspective(观点）.Inowliveanhonestlife,thankstoyou.Godblessyou!Mr.D.“我移动了他的茶托，找到了他的小费和一张卡片:“我非常感谢你。”你车祸的那晚，我在去抢劫珠宝店的路上。拯救你的生命让事情回到正确的角度。多亏了你，我现在过着诚实的生活。上帝保佑你!D先生。”由此可知，对这个男士的最好描述是“摇身一变”。故选D。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Itrembled.Thenightofmycaraccident,Iwasheadingforaninterviewinashadydanceclub.Seeinghumankindnessthroughhisheroicgestureturnedmylifearoundandbroughtfaithbackintomylife.“我颤抖。我出车祸的那个晚上，我正要去一家阴暗的舞蹈俱乐部面试。通过他英勇的举动看到了人类的善良，这让我的生活彻底改观，也让我的生活重新充满了信心。”由此可知，女服务员最希望男士知道“他改变了她对生活的看法。”故选B。【7题详解】标题判断题。根据文章第一、二段Hereallydidlooklikeatourist,withacameraaroundhisneckandabottleofsunscreenstickingoutofhistotebag.“他看起来真的像个游客，脖子上挂着照相机，大手提袋里露出一瓶防晒霜。”和Theportlymansatontheterrace,sippinglemonadeandpretendingtolookataglossycruisebrochure.Hissunglassesmaskedhiseyes,butIknewhewasn'tlookingatthebrochure:hehadn'tturnedapageforthelasttenminutes.“胖男人坐在露台上，喝着柠檬水，假装在看一本光滑的邮轮手册。他的太阳镜遮住了他的眼睛，但我知道他没有在看小册子:他在过去的十分钟里没有翻过一页。”以及第三段中Themysterious(神秘的）strangerwhohelpedmeoutofmysmashedcar,justbeforeitexploded.Irushedbacktohistable.Hewasgone.“那个神秘的陌生人，在我撞坏的汽车爆炸前帮我下了车。我冲回他的桌子。他走了。”由此推知，C项“一个神秘的陌生人”为最佳标题。故选C。CYoufeelespeciallysmartandfunnywhentalkingtoaparticularperson,onlytofeelhopelesslyunintelligentandtonguetiedinthepresenceofanother.Experimentsshowwhenpeoplereportfeelingfortablewithaconversationalpartner,theyarejudgedbythosepartnersandbyobserversasactuallybeingmorewitty(机智的）。It'sjustoneexampleofthepowerfulinfluencethatsocialfactorscanhaveonintelligence.Asparents,teachersandstudentssettleintotheschoolyear,thisworkshouldencourageustothinkaboutintelligencenotasa“lumpofsomethingthat'sinourheads,”asthepsychologistJoshuaAronsonputsit,butas“atransactionamongpeople.”Mr.Aronson,anassociateprofessoratNewYorkUniversity,hasbeenaleaderininvestigatingtheeffectsofsocialforcesonacademicachievement.AlongwiththepsychologistClaudeSteele,heidentifiedthephenomenonknownas“stereotype(刻板印象）threat.”Membersofgroupsbelievednottobeacademicallygoodscoremuchlowerontestswhenremindedinadvanceoftheirraceorgender.Thepair'sexperimentsinthe1990sconcludedthattheperformanceofthesestudentssufferedbecausetheywereworriedaboutconfirmingnegativestereotypesabouttheirgroup.Minoritiesaren'ttheonlyoneseasilyhurtbystereotypethreat.Weallare.Agroupofpeopleespeciallyconfidentabouttheirmathematicalabilitiesdidworseonamathtestwhentoldthattheexperimentwasintendedtoinvestigate“whyAsiansappeartoperformbetterthanotherstudentsontestsofmathability.”AndinastudypublishedearlierthisyearinthejournalLearningandIndividualDifferences,highschoolstudentsdidworseonatestofspatial(空间的）skillswhentoldthatmalesarebetteratsolvingspatialproblemsbecauseofgeneticdifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.Thegirlswereanxiousaboutconfirmingassumptionsabouttheirgender,whiletheboyswereanxiousaboutlivinguptothem.Theevolvingliteratureonstereotypethreatshowsthatperformanceisalwayssocialinnature.Evenaloneinanexamroom,wehearachorusofvoicesassessing,evaluating,passingjudgment.Andassocialcreatures,humansarestronglyaffectedbywhatthesevoicessay.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“transaction”inparagraph3referto?A.Spatialreasoningskills. B.Theabilitytorememberinformation.C.Interactionbetweenusandtheenvironment. D.Passingonknowledgefromteacherstostudents.9.Afterbeingtoldmalestypicallyperformbetterthanfemalesinmath,malesaremostlikelytoperform.A.betterthanfemales B.thesameasfemalesC.worsethanusual D.worsethanfemales10.Whichofthefollowing“voices”inourheadmayinfluenceperformanceonanexam?A.“IamaspreparedasIcanbe.”B.“Iamsupposedtodowellonthis.”C.“Thetestingroomisdifferentfrommyclassroom.”D.“Iamsolvingtheproblemsfasterthantheonesittinginfrontofme.”11.Howdostereotypesthreatenouracademicachievement?A.Makingusunintelligent. B.Remindingusofourweaknesses.C.Limitingourspatialreasoningskills. D.Raisingouranxietylevel.【答案】8.C9.C10.B11.D【解析】【分析】本文为说明文。本文讲述了刻板印象对人们的影响。8题详解】猜测词义题。根据第一、二自然段的意思，以及第三自然段中thisworkshouldencourageustothinkaboutintelligencenotasa“lumpofsomethingthat'sinourheads,"asthepsychologistJoshuaAronsonputsit,butas“atransactionamongpeople.”(这项工作应该促使我们去把智力不是作为“我们头颅里面一团什么东西”来思考，.而是作为“人们之间..”.来思考。)一句，可以猜测出“transaction”的意思应该是“人与所处环境之间的相互作用相互影响”。故选C。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第7段highschoolstudentsdidworseonatestofspatial(空间的）skillswhentoldthatmalesarebetteratsolvingspatialproblemsbecauseofgeneticdifferencesbetweenmalesandfemales.（因为男性和女性之间的基因差异，当高中生被告知男性更擅长解决空间问题时，他们在空间技能测试中的表现更差，）可以知道，在男生被告知在数学上通常比女生表现更好之后，男性很可能表现得比平时差，故选C。【10题详解】推理判断题。文章讲的是stereotypethreat对人的影响，这种影响主要体现在stereotype事先对人设定了assumption，这种事先设定的assumption会使人产生压力和焦虑，这个“voice”会增加自我压力和焦虑，影响应试者考试表现。因此选项B.Iamsupposedtodowellonthis.（这场考试我应该考好）与文章所讲内容吻合。故选B。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据第5、6、7三个自然段中所讲的实验结论，以及文中如下句子:theperformanceofthesestudentssufferedbecausetheywereworriedaboutconfirmingnegativestereotypesabouttheirgroup（这些学生的表现受到影响，因为他们担心会证实对自己所在群体的负面刻板印象）;Thegirlswereanxiousaboutconfirmingassumptionsabouttheirgender,whiletheboyswereanxiousaboutlivinguptothem（女孩们担心确认对自己性别的假设，而男孩们则担心是否能达到这些假设）;Andassocialcreatures,humansarestronglyaffectedbywhatthesevoicessay（作为社会生物，人类强烈地受到这些声音的影响）可以推断出，刻板印象通过提高焦虑水平来影响我们的学习成绩。故选D。【点睛】难题突破：小题3难度较大，要根据文章内容推断Whichofthefollowing“voices”inourheadmayinfluenceperformanceonanexam（以下哪一种“声音”会影响我们在考试中的表现）?文章讲的是stereotypethreat对人的影响，这种影响主要体现在stereotype事先对人设定了assumption，这种事先设定的assumption会使人产生压力和焦虑，在此语境下，我们来看这四个选项，这四个选项都是“(甚至)一个人单独在考室时(Evenaloneinanexamroom)”大脑中出现的声音(voices),也就是人的心理活动。A选项“IamaspreparedasIcanbe."的意思是“我已经尽可能好地做了准备”。这个voice”里不含有assumption或expectation。B选项“Iamsupposedtodowellonthis."的意思是:“这场考试我应该考好”。在理解“besupposedtodo”时，请不要受到汉语思维的影响，请看OxfordIdiomsDictionary对它的解释“beexpectedorrequiredtodosthbyrules,thelaw,anagreement,etc”，它的含义是“在外界的期待(beexpected)或要求(berequired)下应该如何”，这个“voice”会增加自我压力和焦虑，影响应试者考试表现。因此B项与文章所讲内容吻合。C选项"Thetestingroomisdifferentfrommyclassroom.的意思是:“这个考室和我的教室不同”。这个“voice”是“我”对考室的判断，不含有别人，甚至自己对“我”的assumption或expectation,因此不符合文章所讲的内容。选项D.Iamsolvingtheproblemsfasterthantheonesittinginfrontofme."的意思是:“我比坐在我前面的考生做得快”。这个“voice”或许是“我”基于某些事实或迹象做出的判断，也不含有外界的assumption或expectation。总之，根据文章来看，一个“voice”是否“influenceperformanceonanexam”，要看它是否有来自外界或环境的“assumption或expectation”,不能脱离文章语境来判断。DThestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachliningisspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pyloriareabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettymoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis(胃炎）,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers(溃疡）。Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults,howevertheideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics(抗生素）.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall'shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005.TwentysixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.12.WhydidtheacademicsinitiallyrefusetoacceptthatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B.Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C.Theythoughtthatbacteriacouldn'tsurviveinthestomach.D.TheAustralianpathologistRobinWarrenprovidednoevidence.13.HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Choosingunhealthylifestyles. B.IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.CFindingthebacteriaonstomachlining. D.GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.14.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Scientificprogresstakestime. B.Scienceguidesmedicalpractices.C.Warrenisnotaproductivescientist. D.OnlyMarshalldeservestheprize.15.Thetextismostlikelywrittento.A.Chemists B.Patients C.Researchers D.Thegeneralpublic【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.(直到20世纪80年代，人们一直认为细菌在胃酸中无法生存。)可知，学者们最初拒绝接受幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎是因为他们认为细菌在胃酸里无法生存。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BarryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.和下文内容可知，受够了被忽视和对他的发现充满信心，巴里·马歇尔决定亲自进行测试，他感染了幽门螺杆菌，很快就发展成胃炎和可怕的胃溃疡。因此可知，巴里·马歇尔让幽门螺杆菌进入了自己的胃，最后患了胃炎和胃溃疡，来证明幽门螺杆菌引起胃炎。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容可知，最终，世界完全承认沃伦和马歇尔对科学和医学的巨大贡献，两人于2005年被授予诺贝尔医学奖。罗宾首次开始他的研究后26年。因此推断科学发展需要时间。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是thegeneralpublic(普通大众)，故选D。【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer,

suggest,

imply,

conclude,

indicate等标志性词语。这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。推理判断题。文章介绍了两位科学家对幽门螺旋杆菌的研究历程以及结论,是一篇科普文章。科普文章的受众是thegeneralpublic(普通大众)，故选D。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Onethingthatmostofusprobablycanagreeon:justabouteveryparentthinksthathisorherkidisspecial.___16___.Goodintentions,however,donotoftenleadtogoodoutes:peoplewhoparticularlydisliketheirnameandalsoifotherpeoplethinkit'sanodd(怪异的）andunlikeablenametendnottobeaswelladjusted.___17___,maybeevensomethingfairlysignificant,aboutyourparents'religiousorethnic(种族的）background,theirlevelofineoreducation,maybeeventheirpolitics.Fromwhatwecantell,yournameisnotyourdestiny(命运）.ThestorygoesthattwobrothersinNewYorkwerenamedLoserandWinnerbytheirparents.Loserturnedouttohaveagreatlifeasanupstandingcitizen.Hewasapolicedetective.___18___.Justthinkaboutitforaminute.___19___yourintelligence,yourtaste,yourhealth,yourworkmoralsanddecisionmakingtosaynothingofluck.Now,consideringallofthoseheavyweightforces,howmuchcouldsomethingassurfaceasanamereallyaffectyourlife'soute?___20___,itisn'tthathardtochangeit.A.YourlifeisdeterminedbyyourselfB.AndWinnerhadbeenacareercriminalC.AnamecontainsarichsetofinformationD.ThinkaboutallthethingsthatmakeyouE.ItistruethatyournamemaytelltheworldsomethingF.Pluswhich:ifyoureallythinkyournameisholdingyoubackG.Andpartofwhatmakeseachofourkidsspecialisthenameswegivethem【答案】16.G17.E18.B19.D20.F【解析】这是一篇议论文。很多人的名字包含了美好的的寓意，但是名字并不能决定一个人的的命运。【16题详解】前一句提到“我们大多数人可能都会同意一件事：差不多每个父母都认为他或她的孩子是特别的”，G项“让每个孩子与众不同的部分原因是我们给他们取的名字”承接上文，解释上一句中父母觉得孩子与众不同的原因，G项中“special”与上一句中的“special”呼应。故选G项。【17题详解】空后一句“甚至是一些相当重要的事情，关于你父母的宗教或种族背景，他们的收入或教育水平，甚至可能是他们的政治立场”是举例说明名字中传达的信息，所以E项“的确，你的名字可能向世界表明一些事情”切题，且E项中“something”与空后一句中的“something”呼应，故选E项。【18题详解】上文提出观点“yournameisnotyourdestiny(你的名字不是你的命运)”，接下来举了分别名为“Loser”和“Winner”的例子，空前一句提到“Loser结果作为一个正直的公民过着很好的生活。他是一个警察侦探”，由此推知空处应是说Winner的命运，所以B项“Winner成为一个职业罪犯”切题，与上文Loser的命运形成对比，印证上文的观点。故选B项。【19题详解】空前提到“花一分钟的时间想想它”，D项中“Thinkabout”与空前一句“thinkabout”呼应，D项“想想是什么构成了现在的你”承接上句，且下一句“——你的智力，你的品位，你的健康，你的工作道德和决断能力——与运气无关”是思考的具体内容，D项中“allthethings”与下一句中“yourintelligence,yourtaste,yourhealth,yourworkmoralsanddecisionmaking”呼应，上下句衔接自然。故选D项。【20题详解】空前“现在考虑一下这些重要的影响力量，像一个名字一样浅显的事情能真的对你的生活结果有多少影响呢？”是用用问句的形式表达观点“名字不会决定命运”，再由空后“改变它并不是那么难”可推知，空处内容应是与上文观点相反，F项“另外：如果你真的认为是名字阻碍你”切题。故选F项。第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Mymomisanenvironmentalist.We'vealwaysposted(制堆肥）andshe'salwayshadsomesortofgarden.Shealsoneverthrewanythingawaybecauseshecouldseethesecond___21___init.Igrewintoa___22___lifestyle.AndIstarted___23___mycarbonfootprintandconsumption.Idecidedto___24___mycarforonemonthinMayof2017.IfIneededacar,Iwasgoingtoborrowsomeone'stoprovethatIhadthemunityto___25___thisdecision.Ionlyendedup___26___acaronce,andIrealizeditdidn'tmakesensetoownacar,___27___itandpayforgas.SoinSeptember,Ifully___28___andsoldmycar.Ialsoflyalotforwork,andonmy___29___fromthetravelagency,itwillincludehowmanytonsof___30___you'reemitting(排放）fromjustyoursingle___31___,whichislikeapunchinthegut.Asaresult,ithasbeea___32___formetooffset(抵消）mycarbonemissions.I___33___mycarbonemissions,andgoontocarbonfootprint.andpurchaseanoffsetinthe___34___ofadonation.Ifwe'regoingto___35___theenvironmentthismuch,wehavetobedoingsomethingthat'sgoingtooffsetthecarbon___36___untilthere'sacarbontax,whichItrulyhopeis___37___wewillgonext.It’salsoreallyimportanttotalkaboutwhatwecouldseethe___38___as,becauseitgetssodarksofastwhenpeopletalkabout___39___change.Idon'tknowwhatthe___40___isofmenothavingacar,butIhopeit'ssomethingpositivethatIcan'tnecessarilysee.21.A.Time B.life C.hand D.way22.A.different B.healthy C.modern D.similar23.A.Assessing B.suspecting C.obtaining D.ignoring24.A.blowup B.speedup C.giveup D.breakup25.A.oppose B.support C.announce D.approve26.A.borrowing B.possessing C.purchasing D.renting27.A.repair B.wash C.park D.finance28.A.understood B.quit C.recovered D.agreed29.A.list B.poster C.trip D.ticket30.A.smell B.heat C.carbon D.sweat31.A.seat B.plane C.car D.garden32.A.pain B.habit C.burden D.reward33.A.increase B.reduce C.control D.calculate34.A.form B.name C.course D.middle35.A.provide B.create C.pollute D.preserve36.A.invain B.inreturn C.inforce D.inadvance37.A.when B.why C.how D.where38.A.future B.globe C.environment D.tax39.A.cultural B.economic C.climate D.population40.A.intention B.motivation C.drawback D.effect【答案】21.B22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.B29.D30.C31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C36.B37.D38.A39.C40.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文，主要陈述自己受母亲影响减少碳排放的举措。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她也从不扔掉任何东西，因为她能在这些东西身上看到第二次生命。A.Time时间；B.life生命；C.hand手；D.way道路。作者母亲不扔任何东西，因为他们都可以旧物利用，她在他们身上能看到第二次生命。故选B项。【22题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我也养成了类似的生活方式。A.different不同的；B.healthy健康的；C.modern现代的；D.similar相似的。作者受母亲的影响，也养成了类似的生活方式。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始评估我的碳足迹和消耗。A.Assessing评估；B.suspecting怀疑；C.obtaining获得；D.ignoring忽视。前面提到作者受母亲影响，也养成了环保的生活习惯，对自己的碳足迹进行估算。故选A项。【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：2017年5月，我决定放弃开车一个月。A.blowup爆炸，放大；B.speedup加速；C.giveup放弃；D.breakup打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落。这是作者具体的减少碳排放的举措，放弃开车。故选C项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我需要一辆车，我会借别人的，以证明我有社区支持我的决定。A.oppose反对；B.support支持；C.announce宣布；D.approve赞同。作者如果需要车，可以向他人借到，以此证明社区有人支持（认同）他的做法。故选B项。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我只借过一次车，然后我意识到拥有一辆车，把它打理好然后付油钱是没有意义的。A.borrowing3借；B.possessing拥有；C.purchasing购买；D.renting租借。结合上文，作者是向他人借车，故选A项。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：最终我只借过一次车，然后我意识到拥有一辆车，把它打理好然后付油钱是没有意义的。A.repair修理；B.wash清理；C.park停车；D.finance负担经费。结合句意，自己有车的话就要加油，承担油费。故选D项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以在9月份，我彻底放弃（车）并卖掉了我的车。A.understood理解；B.quit放弃；C.recovered恢复；D.agreed同意。结合上文，作者觉得有车没意义，所以选择卖车，即放弃车。故选B项。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.list列表，清单；B.poster海报；C.trip旅行；D.ticket票。作者经常坐飞机，所以让旅行机构帮忙买机票。故选D项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.smell味道；B.heat热；C.carbon碳；D.sweat汗水。结合上下文，这里是指购买一次机票乘坐一次飞机，作者所产生的碳排放。故选C项。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我也经常因工作原因坐飞机，在我通过旅行社购买的机票上含有我仅仅一个座位要排放的碳（的量），这就像在我肚子上打了一拳。A.seat座位；B.plane飞机；C.car汽车；D.garden花园。这里指的是作者乘坐飞机仅仅一个座位所包含的碳排放。故选A项。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，抵消我的碳排放已经成为我的一种习惯。A.pain痛苦；B.habit习惯；C.burden负担；D.reward奖赏。作者致力于减少自己的碳排放，所以为自己造成的碳排放进行抵消成了一种习惯。故选B项。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我计算了我的碳排放量，并且登录网，并以捐赠的形式购买应弥补的份额。A.increase增加；B.reduce减少；C.control控制；D.calculate计算。作者要抵消自己的碳排放，所以先计算自己所产生的碳排放的量，进而上网以捐赠的形式购买应抵消的份额。故选D项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我计算了我的碳排放量，并且登录网，并以捐赠的形式购买应弥补的份额。A.form形式；B.name名义；C.course课程；D.middle中间。作者上网以捐赠的形式购买应抵消的份额。故选A项。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要如此严重地污染环境，我们就必须采取措施