大学英语四级试题和答案

大学英语四级试卷PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopic“Education:Examination-OrientedorQuality-Oriented”.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.应试教育现状及其原因;2.素质教育的优点;3.你的观点。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCashTeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,Fla.,dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInc.,paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors'qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1.50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized”content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson'sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,Fla.,leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks—payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone'semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn'tkeeptrackofpastfigures.Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInc.,forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,La.,discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany'srecordbeforetakingonatask.Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.“IfIdidn'thavethismoney,”shesays,“we'dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.D)Peopleshouldn'treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreelyprofessionalsandadvisershelpothersforfreepeoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpertclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersWhyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?$3to$3.5.B)$10.C)$6.5to$7.D)$5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotographserveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformedhelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabaseD)findsomeone'semailaddressWhatdoesTurkerNationdo?Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowto.9.LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors'qualificationsthroughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonits.AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom.PartIIIListeningComprehension(35minutes)■SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.A)ItwillbebettertosaynothingtoPaul.Paulhimselfwillcometotalktothem.ThemanshouldbetheonetospeaktoPaul.ThemanshouldreplacetheradiobeforeshetalkstoPaul.A)NotgiveanysuggestionstoJack.NotseeJackanymore.C)NotlistentoJack'swords.NotsavehiswordsonJack.A)Theyshouldgiveuptalking.Theyshouldbothmakeacompromise.Theycanmeetnexttime.Theyarebothhalfway.A)Helikesringsverymuch.Heoftenburnsholesinhisnewcoats.C)He'sveryextravagantwithmoney.Heisverypoor.A)Shemissedthebus.Shecaughtthebus.Shegotupfiveminutesearlierthanusual.Shelikesgettingupearlyinthemorning.A)Inthelibrary.Inthecollegebookstore.Atanews-stand.Atadepartmentstore.A)Teacherandstudent.Doctorandpatient.Managerandofficeworker.Travelagentandcustomer.A)Movethewashingmachinetothebasement.Turnthebasementintoaworkshop.Repairthewashingmachine.Finishherassignment.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A)Shewillgotoseeherbrother.ShewillgotoHawaiiwithherfamily.Shewillstayathomewithherfamily.Shewillfindapart-timejob.A)Veryexciting.B)Toobad.Veryboring.D)Nottoobad.A)Anewbicycle.B)Anewdictionary.Anewcomputer.D)Anewcellphone.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.22.A)Shehasagoodchancetostudyabroadbutshedoesn'thaveenoughmoney.B)Herparentsdon'twanthertogotoofarawayfromthem.C)Shewon'thaveasmanyvacationsasshehasasastudent.Shewantstostudyabroadbutshehasbeenofferedagoodjob.A)Itisnotasgoodasstudyingabroad.Hethinksbeingateacherisboring.Itisagoodopportunity.Hethinksthesalaryforthejobistoolow.A)Askingherfriendsforadvice.Makingthechoicebyherself.Askingherparentsforadvice.Askingherteachersforadvice.A)ChoosetobeanEnglishteacher.Giveupbothopportunities.Studyoverseas.TeachEnglishforafewyearsbeforegoingabroad.■SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)About40%.B)About46%.C)About80%.D)About54%.A)PeopleinSouthKoreaarenolongerinterestedinHollywoodmovies.ItismuchcheapertoseealocalmoviethanaHollywoodone.C)Hollywood'sfilmsarenotasgoodasbefore.D)SouthKorea'sfilmindustryhasdevelopedalot.A)TheyarereleasingthemoviesfirstinAmericaandtheninothercountries.TheyarereleasingthemoviesinAmericaandothercountriesatthesametime.Theysendpeoplewhosellillegallycopiedmoviestocourt.TheyencouragepeopletobuylegalDVDsbygivingahighdiscount.A)ManypeoplebelievethatDVDsarenotofgoodquality.PeoplearemorelikelytogetmoviesfromtheInternet.SomepeoplethinkthatDVDsareveryexpensive.PeoplelikewatchingTVbetterthanwatchingDVDs.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Once.B)Twice.Threetimes.D)Fourtimes.A)Hewasthepresidentwiththelongestpresidency.HeledtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheGreatDepression.HeledtheAmericanpeoplethroughtheFirstWorldWar.HewasthemostinfluentialpresidentinAmericanhistory.A)OnApril12,1944.B)OnApril12,1945.C)OnJuly12,1944.D)OnJuly12,1945.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Cookingfood.B)Boilingwater.C)Killingbacteria.D)Generatingelectricity.A)Theparaboliccooker.B)Thepanelcooker.C)Theboxcooker.D)It'snotmentioned.A)SolarCookersHowtoUseSolarOvensHowtoCookMealsHowtoChooseSolarOvens■SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Somepeople'searsproducewaxlikebusylittlebees.Thiscanbeaproblemeventhoughearwaxappearstoserveanimportantpurpose.Expertssayitprotectsandcleanstheear.It(36)dirtandothermatterandkeeps(37)out.Doctorsthinkitmightalsohelpprotectagainst(38).Andthewaxyoilkeepsearsfromgettingtoodry.Soearwaxisgood.Itevenhasamedicalname:cerumen.Therearetwokindsofcerumen.Mostpeopleof(39)orAfricanancestryhavethe“wet”kind:thickand(40).EastAsianscommonlyhave“dry”earwax.Butyoucanhavetoomuchofagoodthing.Theglandsintheearcanalthatproducethewaxmaketoomuchinsomepeople.Earwaxisnormally(41);itfallsoutoftheearorgetswashedaway.Butextrawaxcan(42)andformablockagethat(43)withsoundwavesandreduceshearing.(44).Earwaxremovalissometimesnecessary.Butyouhavetouseasafemethodoryoucoulddoalotofdamage.Expertssuggestsomewaystotreatexcessiveearwaxyourself.(45).Anotherwaytoremovewaxisknownasirrigation.Withtheheadupright,takeholdoftheouterpartoftheear.Gentlypullupwardtostraightentheearcanal.(46).Thenturntheheadtothesidetoletthewaterout.PartIVReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)■SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.RockandrollisagenreofpopularmusicthatevolvedintheUnitedStatesinthelate1940sandearly1950s.Its47liemainlyinblues,rhythmandblues,country,folk,gospel,andjazz.Thestylesubsequentlyspreadtotherestoftheworldanddevelopedfurther,leadingultimatelyto48rockmusic.Theterm“rockandroll”nowcoversatleasttwodifferentmeanings,bothincommonusage.TheAmericanHeritageDictionaryandtheMerriam-WebsterDictionaryboth49rockandrollassynonymouswithrockmusic.50,Adefinesthetermasreferringspecificallytothemusicofthe1950s.Classicrockandrollis51playedwithoneortwoelectricguitars,astringbassoranelectricbassguitar,andadrumkit.Inthe52rockandrollstylesofthelate1940s,eitherthepianoorsaxophonewasoftentheleadinstrument,buttheseweregenerally53orsupplementedbytheguitarinthemiddletolate1950s.Themassivepopularityandeventualworldwideviewofrockandrollgaveita54socialimpact.Farbeyondsimplyamusicalstyle,rockandroll,asseeninmoviesandinthenewmediumoftelevision,55lifestyles,fashion,attitudes,andlanguage.Itwentontospawnvarioussub-genres,oftenwithouttheinitially56backbeat,thatarenowmorecommonlycalledsimply“rockmusic”or“rock”.defineI)followedcharacteristicJ)modernuniqueK)explanationrootsL)ConverselyusuallyM)replacedBasicallyN)prepareearliestO)seldominfluenced■SectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedsentences.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Accordingtoareport,around30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoollastyearwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old.MPs(国会议员)warnedthatmanyyoungpeoplewouldneed“expensive”remediallessonsinlaterlifetogetajob—posingmajorproblemsfortheeconomy.ThefindingscamejustmonthsafterOfsted(教育标准办公室)claimedalmosthalfofmathlessonsinEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.Itsaidmanyteachersreliedontextbooksandmundaneexercisestomakesurepupilspassedexamsattheexpenseofaproperunderstandingofthesubject.MPsbackedtheconclusions,sayingtoomanypupilsfoundlessons“boring”.TheyinsistedimprovementshadbeenmadeunderLaborbutachievementhad“leveledoff”inrecentyears.In2008,79percentofpupilsmettheGovernment'sexpectedstandardattheendofprimaryschool,wellshortofthe85percenttargetsetfor2006.Aroundfivepercentmovedtosecondaryschoolwiththemathskillsofaseven-year-old,saidthecommittee.In2006,£2.3billionwasspentteachingthesubject.Itequatestoaroundaquarterofthe£10billiontotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaff.ThereportsaidtheDepartmentforChildren,SchoolsandFamilies(DCSF)neededto“radicallyrethinkitsstrategyforimprovingpupilattainment;otherwiseweseriouslydoubtthatthedepartmentwillmeetits2011target”.Thetargetdemandsthat84.5percentofpupilswillmakethenecessaryprogressbetween7and11.Lastyear,theDCSFpublishedamajorreviewofmatheducationinEnglandtobooststandards.Itcalledforamathspecialistineveryprimaryschoolwithin10yearsandmoreemphasisonmathematical“play”innurseryschools.Mr.Leighsaid,“Thedepartment's10-yearprogramtotrain13,000specialistmathteacherswillnotbenefitsomeprimaryschoolsforanotherdecade.That'sfartoolong;thedepartmentneedstolookforwaystoacceleratetheprogram.”SarahMcCarthyFry,theSchoolsMinister,said,“Wehavealreadyacceptedthemainrecommendationfromarecentindependentreviewofprimarymaththateveryschoolshouldhaveaspecialistmathteacherandhavepledged£24millionoverthenextthreeyearsforatrainingprogramforteachers.”NickGibb,theToryshadowschoolssecretary,said,“TheGovernmentisnotgettingvalueforthemoneytheyhavepiledintoeducationandthecountryisfallingbehindininternationalleaguetablesasaresult.TheGovernmenthasfailedtoreplacemethodsofteachingwhichhavefailedwithtriedandtestedmethodsusedincountriesthathavemuchhigherlevelsofmathachievement.”Whatdowelearnfromthefirstparagraph?30,000pupilsstartedsecondaryschoolwithpoormathskills.MPsinsistmoreimprovementsshouldbemadeunderLabor.Youngpeopleneedmedicallessonstogetajob.HalfofEnglishschoolswerenotgoodenough.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedin2006?21%ofpupilsdidn'tmeettheGovernment'sexpectedstandard.Thetargetsetfor2006was87percent.£2.3billionwasspentonmathteaching.Thetotalbudgetforprimaryteachingandsupportstaffwas£5billionin2006.WhatwillpeopleprobablydotoimprovematheducationinEngland?Spendmoneyontrainingspecialistmathteachers.Hireamathspecialistforeveryprimaryschool.Allowpupilstohavemoremathematical“play”.Spendmoretimeonmatheducation.WhatdoNickGibb'swordsmean?TheBritishgovernmentshouldputmoremoneyintomatheducation.Britainisfallingbehindintheinternationalknowledgecompetition.TheBritishgovernmentshouldlearnfromothercountries'failures.TheBritishgovernmentshouldchangetheirteachingmethodseveryfewyears.What'sthepassagemainlytalkingabout?Therearen'tenoughmathteachersinBritishprimaryschools.TheBritishgovernmentdidn'tspendenoughmoneyonmatheducation.Britishpupilsarenotgoodatmath.MathlessonsinBritishprimaryschoolsneedtobeimproved.PassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Bananas,alwaysthefashionvictimsoftheproducesection,arewearinganothernewlabelthisspring.Bananaswith“FairTradeCertified”stickershavebeenavailableintheUnitedStatessinceOctober.Theyrepresentthenewfrontofaninternationalefforttohelpfirst-worldconsumersimprovethelivingstandardsofthethird-worldfarmerswhogrowmuchoftheirfood.Byexpandingitsreachtotheproducesection,FairTradeisnowtryingtoreachtheAmericansupermarketshopper.FairTradedealsdirectlywithfarmercooperatives.Ithelpsorganize,avoidingbrokers(代理人)andmiddlemen.Itguaranteeshigherpricesforthefarmers'goodsandhelpsthemsetupschoolsandhealthclinics.TheFairTrademovementtookrootinEuropeinthe1990'sasawayofbolsteringcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.SinceFairTradebegan,morethanamillioncoffeegrowersandotherfarmershavejoinedcooperativesthatselltheirproductsthroughFairTradechannelsinsteadofdirectlytoacommercialproducer.NoteveryoneisgreetingtheFairTradelabelwithopenarms.SeveralAmericancoffeeimportersrecentlypulledoutofFairTrade,citingTransFair's“corporatefriendly”policiesthatallowlargecompaniestousetheFairTradelogointheirmarketingevenifonlyasmallamountofthecompany'soverallpurchasesareFairTradecertified.EdmundLaMacchia,thenationalproducecoordinatorforWholeFoods,saidFairTradeisonlyoneofmanyconsumerchoices.“WholeFoodshasitsownteamofinspectorsandhasnoplanstocarryFairTradeproducts”,Mr.LaMacchiasaid.“OurstandardsarehigherthanFairTrade's,actually.”FairTradeisonlyoneofseverallabelsyourbananasmightbewearingthisyear.AnotheristhatoftheRainforestAlliance,whichcertifiestheuseofsustainableagriculturemethods.Sofar,though,FairTradeisthebiggest.AFairTradelabelbyitselfdoesnotguaranteeanorganicproduct,butmostFairTradebananasarealsoorganic,Ms.Bourquesaid,becausepesticidesareusuallytoocostlyforthesmallfarmerswhogrowthem.Ifthebananasareorganic,theywillbelabeledassuch,andwillprobablybewearingastickertoproveit.Whyarebananaswearing“FairTradeCertified”stickers?Itmeansbananasarethefashionvictimsoftheproducesection.Itmeansbananashavegotanewlabel.ItmeansbananaswiththesestickersareavailableintheUnitedStates.Itrepresentsaninternationalefforttohelpthethird-worldfarmers.WhatdoesFairTradedo?Ithelpsfarmersselltheirproductsforahigherprofit.Itappointsbrokersandmiddlementodealwithfarmercooperatives.Itbringsdownthepriceoffarmers'goods.ItsetsupschoolsandhealthclinicsforAmericanfarmers.WhatwastheoriginalpurposeoftheFairTrademovement?Tocooperatewithcoffeegrowersandotherfarmers.Tohelpcoffeefarmersaspriceswerecollapsing.Topreventfarmersfromsellingtheirproductstocommercialproducers.Tosellproductsthroughcoffeegrowersandotherfarmers.Whatcanweinferfromthispassage?AmericancoffeeimporterswillneverbuytheirproductsthroughFairTradechannels.FairTradeistheonlylabelthatbananasmightbewearingthisyear.NoteveryconsumerconsidersFairTradeproductstheonlychoice.WholeFoodsandtheRainforestAlliancearemoreinfluentialthanFairTrade.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?HelpingtheThirdWorld:OneBananaataTimeConsumersFaceMoreChoicesFairTrade—theBestStickerTheFairTradeMovementPartVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Everyoneknowshandwashingisimportant.Butanewstudyshowshowwashingyourhands67,andattherighttime,canhaveabigimpactonyourfamily'sriskofgettingsick.Moststudiesonhandwashingfocuson68andfoodserviceworkers.Butthismonth'sAmericanJournalofInfectionControlfocusesonwashinghandsat69asawaytostopinfectionsfrom70.Severalstudiesshowhandsarethesinglemostimportant71routeforalltypesofinfections.Eventhoughmostpeopleknowtowashtheirhandsafterusingthetoiletorhandlingadiaper(尿布),studies72manypeoplearestillendingupwithgermsontheirhands.Onestudylookedinhomesof73recentlyvaccinatedagainstpolio(脊髓灰质炎).Aftervaccination,thevirusis74tobeshedinthebaby'sfeces(粪便).Researchersfoundtheviruson13percentofbathroom,livingroomandkitchensurfaces.75thevirusfromthevaccinedidn'tposeahealthrisk,feces-bornevirusescan76throughthehome.Doorknobsandtoiletflushhandlesarekey77ofgermtransmissioninthehome.That'swhypeopleshouldfocusoncleaningsuchsurfaces78andalwayswashtheirhandsaftertouchingthem.Inonestudy,a79touchedadoorhandlecontaminatedwithavirus.Hethenshookhands80othervolunteers,andspreadthevirustosixpeople.Thestudyauthorsnotethatthetimingofhandwashingiskey.It's81towashhandsafterusingthetoilet,beforeeatingorhandlingfood.Othercrucialtimesforhandwashingareafter82adiaperorcleaningupafterapet,oraftertouchinggarbagecans,dishragsandutensilsthatmayhavecome83contactwithrawfood.Whileitmaybehardto84thatsomethingassimpleasregularhandwashingcanmakeadifferenceinyourfamily'shealth,considerwhathappenedduringthe2003outbreakofSARS.Theoutbreak85extensivepublicandcommunityhealthmeasures,includingregularhandwashing.NotonlywastheSARSoutbreakcontained,86othercasesofillnessesdroppedsharply.A)occasionallyB)oftenC)sometimesD)repeatedlyA)chemicalB)physicalC)medicalD)mentalA)homeB)clinicsC)hospitalsD)schoolA)livingB)spreadingC)survivingD)goingA)transmitB)transferC)transferringD)transmissionA)claimB)agreeC)suggestD)objectA)parentsB)teachersC)adultsD)infantsA)knownB)saidC)movedD)addedA)WhenB)WhileC)WhyD)WhichA)travelB)goC)flyD)floatA)questionsB)opportunitiesC)ideasD)sourcesA)alwaysB)frequentlyC)regularlyD)actuallyA)volunteerB)babyC)workerD)personA)inB)onC)withD)throughA)uselessB)obviousC)interestingD)thankfulA)takingB)usingC)changingD)bringingA)ofB)forC)fromD)intoA)dreamB)knowC)figureD)believeA)triggeredB)startedC)helpedD)savedA)yetB)whileC)butD)sincePartVITranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.Itwasafterthefailureofthisattemptthathe(诉诸武力).Alotofpeoplenowadayshavemuscularproblemsintheneck,theshouldersandtheback（主要是由于工作中的压力和紧张造成的）.Thisoccupation（关注于计划和监督）thearrangementofexhibitionsofcollections.（令学生失望的是）,thebookstheyneededweresoldoutatthebookstore.Anumberofwomeninterviewedfound（获得提升很难）.【参考答案】PartIWritingOnepossibleversion:Education:Examination-OrientedorQuality-OrientedFromprimaryschooltocollege,students,teachersandparentsallarestrugglingforhighscores.Thisisbecausethecurrenteducationsystemisnotaimedatquality,butonlyatdevelopingstudents'abilitytoperformwellontests.Asaresult,manystudents,eventhosewithhighscores,oftendopoorlywhenitcomestothepracticalapplicationofwhatthey'velearned.Therefore,Chinaischallengingexamination-orientededucationbyadvocatingquality-orientededucation.Thealternativewillfocusonthestudents'abilityasawhole.Theexamresultswillnolongerplayakeyroleinevaluatingastudent.Personally,Ifirmlybelieveintheeffectivenessofthisnewpolicy.Ihaveseeninmymind'seyethemorededicatedstudy,thelooserenvironment,yetthemorecreativemindsofthefuturestudents.Oureducation,sotospeak,willbringupanewgeneration.PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）B）。纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述的是“有更多的人利用自己掌握的专业知识或技术在网上赚钱”。D）。参见第二段“LivePersonInc.,aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.”可知，在LivePerson网站上，咨询者付费后可向该网站上各领域的专业人士咨询。B）。参见第四段“Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.”可知，该网站越来越受欢迎是因为有更多的人转向网络寻找工作。C）。参见第七段末句“Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.”可知，网站从咨询者交的钱中提取30%到35%的佣金，所以，剩下的部分应该是由那些网络“专家”获得，按照比列应该是65%到70%。C）o根据第十五段“beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase”可知，MechanicalTurk最初的设计目的是“帮助Amazon管理它的产品数据库”。6.D）。根据倒数第四段“MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation（）,whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany'srecordbeforetakingonatask.”可知，TurkerNation是一个专门提供公司业务需求信息和支付情况的网站，网络“专家”在为某家公司提供服务之前，可以对这家公司的业务记录有一个了解。C）o根据倒数第二段第二句可知，Ms.Knutson目前将大部分时间用于为客户转录网络视频和音频。applyforfinancialaid。参见第五段最后一句“AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.”可知，AssociatedContent网站向人们征集稿件，稿件涉及的范围很广，从建造生态花园到申请经济援助。communityreviews。参见第七段“LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors'qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.”可知，LivePerson对这些在网上用知识和技术赚钱的人会进行审核，例如行医许可或经济师证书等，通过以社区论坛为主的第三方进行认证。100differentcountrieso参见第十四段“AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries...”可知，MTurk现在有来自100个国家的20万名“网络员工”。PartIIIListeningComprehension11-15CABCA16-20BCDBD21-25CDCCA26-30BDBBD31-35BBDCA36.traps37.insects38.infections39.European40.sticky41.expelled42.hardeninterferesPeoplecanalsocauseablockagewhentheytrytocleanouttheirears—bu