新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习练案10必修第二册Unit4HistoryAndTraditions

练案[10]必修第二册UNIT4HISTORYANDTRADITIONSⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·辽宁省大连市双基测试)LonelyPlanetNamestheBestDestinationsfor2022NepalIt'snearlyimpossibletodiscussNepalwithouttalkingaboutMountQomolangma.ButthisHimalayannationhassomuchmoreonofferfortravelerswhoaren'tclimbingtheworld'shighestmountain.IntheremoteregionofMustang,touristscanexplorethehighdesertandmeetlocalsathomestaysalongtheway,diningonNepalispecialties.MauritiusMauritiusisintheIndianOceanabout700mileseastofMadagascar.HerearesomereasonstovisitthisunderratedAfricangetaway.It'sinhabitedbyamultiracial,peacefulpeople,coveredingreatgolfcourses,offeringvariouswatersports,luxuriousresorts,anoldcolonialcapital,greatfood,oneoftheworld'sbestbotanicalgardens,goodnightlife,andgreatsightseeing.NorwayEnjoyingnatureinNorwayisanattractiveactivity.Whilesomeoftheactivitiesaresuitablefortheyoung,energeticandfearless,most—suchashiking,cycling,skiingandsnowmobiling—canbeenjoyedbyanyone.Whetheryou'rehereforendlesssummerpossibilities,orforsnowsportsandtheamazingNorthernLightsinwinter,theseactivitiesareanexcitingmeansofgettingclosetonature.CookIslandsThisgroupof15islandsintheSouthPacificwasatthetopofmanyLonelyPlanetstaffers'wishlistsfor2022andbeyond.What'sonoffer？Water-centricactivitieslikesnorkeling,divingandfishing,nottomentionalookatthenativeMaoricommunityinTeVaraNuiVillage.语篇导读：本文介绍了《孤独星球》杂志筛选出来的2022年最佳旅游目的地，包括尼泊尔、毛里求斯、挪威和库克群岛。1．WhatactivitycanvisitorsdoinNepal？_D__A．Enjoygoodnightlife.B．Playgolf.C．Dowateractivities.D．Climbmountains.解析：细节理解题。根据Nepal部分的“It'snearlyimpossibletodiscussNepalwithouttalkingaboutMountQomolangma.”和“theworld'shighestmountain”可知，游客可以在尼泊尔登山。故选D。2．Whichdestinationscanprovideplentyofwatersports？_C__A．NepalandMauritius.B．MauritiusandNorway.C．MauritiusandCookIslands.D．NorwayandCookIslands.解析：细节理解题。根据Mauritius部分的“offeringvariouswatersports”以及CookIslands部分的“Water-centricactivitieslikesnorkeling,divingandfishing”可知，毛里求斯和库克群岛都提供了水上运动。故选C。3．WhowillbemostlikelyinterestedinNorway？_D__A．Animalprotectors. B．Artcollectors.C．Environmentalists. D．NatureLovers.解析：细节理解题。根据Norway部分的“EnjoyingnatureinNorwayisanattractiveactivity.”以及后文内容可知，在挪威，年轻人可以通过徒步旅行、骑自行车、滑雪和骑雪地摩托等活动尽情享受自然，故自然爱好者最有可能对挪威感兴趣。故选D。B(2023·厦门市毕业班第二次质检)IliveinXizhou,YunnanProvince,onthehistoricTeaHorseRoad.IhavetoadmitthatwhenIfirstheardthatPaulSalopekwasgoingtowalktheentireglobeonhisowntwofeet，Iwasblownaway.Icouldn'timaginethattherecouldbesuchanunusualpersonintheworld.LastMay，ImetPaul.HetoldmethatitwashisfirsttimeinChina.Hetalkedtomewithgreatexcitementaboutthehistory,migrations,anddiscoveriesinmyregionofChina.HespokeoftheShu-YanduDao(theSichuantoIndiatradingroute),theSouthernSilkRoad,thetravelsofthe17th-centuryChineseexplorerXuXiake,theTeaHorseRoadandtheearly20th-centuryAmericanbotanistJosephRock.HealsotalkedofXuanzang.IdecidedtoaccompanyPaulonhiswalktowardYunnan.OnSeptember28,2021,wesetout.Ourdaysweresimple：walk,eat,sleep,andrepeat.Wewokeupatsunrise,setoffinhighspirits,andrestedatsunset,draggingourselvesintoexhaustedsleep.Wemetmanypeopleontheroad.Somewerecurious,surroundingusandwatchingus；somegaveusdirections；someinvitedusintotheirhometotakearest；somespokeofthecharmoftheirhometown.Wemetmanybeautifulsouls,simplesoulsandwarmsouls.Wewerewalkingwithourminds.Together,wewereimpressedbythebiodiversityoftheGaoligongMountains.AsIwalkedonancientpathsthroughmountains，Iseemedtoheartheantiquevoicesofpasttravelersurgingmetobecarefulontheroad.Lookingbackonthemorethan200milesIwalkedwithPaul，Icametoarealization.Walkingforitsownsake,whilehealthyandadmirable,isonlyasmallpartofthebenefitofmovingwithourfeet.Adeeperrewardisrediscoveringtheworldaroundus,shorteningthedistancebetweeneachother,andsharingeachother'scultures.语篇导读：作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，去年5月，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的PaulSalopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文中描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。4．HowdidthewriterfirstrespondtoPaul'stravelplan？_D__A．Scared. B．Puzzled.C．Disappointed. D．Surprised.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Ihavetoadmit...intheworld.”可知，作者不得不承认，当第一次听说PaulSalopek要用自己的双脚环游世界时，他惊讶极了。他无法想象世界上会有这样一个不寻常的人。据此可知，作者最初对Paul的旅行计划感到吃惊。故选D。5．WhatcanwelearnaboutPaulSalopekfromParagraph2？_B__A．HewasaWesternjournalist.B．HehadaknowledgeofChina.C．HecametoChinaseveraltimes.D．HewasJosephRock'sacquaintance.解析：推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，PaulSalopek是第一次来中国。跟作者讲起作者所在的中国地区的历史、迁移和发现时，Paul很激动。他谈到了南方丝绸之路，17世纪中国探险家徐霞客的旅行，茶马古道，以及20世纪初的美国植物学家JosephRock。他还谈到了玄奘。据此可推知，PaulSalopek对中国有一定的了解。故选B。6．WhatdoesParagraph4tellusaboutthewriterandPaul？_D__A．Theyhonoredtheancestors.B．Theysetoffinhighspirits.C．Theysatisfiedthelocals'curiosity.D．Theybuiltbondswithpeople.解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者和PaulSalopek在路上遇到了许多人。有些人很好奇，围绕着他们，看着他们；有些人给他们指路；有些人邀请他们去他们家休息；有些人谈到了他们家乡的魅力。他们遇见了许多美好的人，朴素的人和温暖的人。据此可推知，作者和Paul与人们建立了联系。故选D。7．Whatisthemainpurposeofthewriter'swritingthetext？_A__A．Toshareandreflectonajourney.B．Tosuggestanewwayoftravel.C．Toadvocatetheprotectionofbiodiversity.D．TointroduceandpromoteChineseculture.解析：目的意图题。通读全文内容可知，作者住在历史悠久的茶马古道上，他遇到了要用双脚环游世界的PaulSalopek，于是决定陪Paul游云南。文章描述了他们路上的见闻和作者的感悟。由此可推知，作者的写作目的是分享和回顾一段旅程。故选A。Ⅱ.七选五(2023·八省市第一次联考)Walkinginthecityisverydifferentfromwalkinginthepark.Apsychologystudysuggestsurbanenvironmentscanslowyourstepandpossiblyincreaseyourmentalload.1.CItcaneaseyourmindandquickenyourpace.Thefindingsshowthatnaturalsettingsmaypotentiallyreducecognitive(认知的)tirednessandimprovereactiontimestraightaway.2.GThefirstofthetwoexperimentsfocusedonpeople'swayofwalkingandcognitiveload.Duringthistrial,participantswerefittedwithsensorsandadozenmotioncontrolcamerasweresetuptowatchthemrepeatedlywalkdowna15-meterroomattheirnaturalspeed.Thewalloppositethemshowedanimageofeitheranaturesceneoracityscene.3.EOnthewhole,whenwalkingincitysettings,peopleconsideredthattheyfeltmoreuncomfortableandtheywalkedataslowerpace,indicatingahighercognitiveload.4.BInthetrial,participantswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenbasicvisualshapesonthecomputerwhilealsointhepresenceofanaturalorurbanimage(thesameonesfromthefirstexperiment)．Measuringreactiontimeinbothnaturalandurbansettings,theteamfoundtheresultssupportingtheiridea.Inurbanenvironments,participantswereslowerindistinguishingamongsimpleshapes.5.FOurbrainstakelongertoprocessinformation.However,moreresearchisneededtoprovethatidea.A．Natureinfluencesusinmanyways.B．Theseconddugintosomehigher-levelcognitiveprocesses.C．Awalkinnaturedoestheopposite,though.D．Theysaidtheycouldn'tconcentrateproperlyafterwalking.E．Aftereach,participantswereaskedtoratetheirdiscomfort.F．Thereasonisthaturbanenvironmentsaremoredistracting.G．Thestudyincludestwoexperimentswithtwodifferentapproaches.语篇导读：本文主要介绍了一项心理学研究，该研究表明在城市环境中散步和在自然环境中散步会给人们带来不同的影响，前者可能会使人们的思维变缓并增加精神负担，后者则与之相反。解析：1．考查逻辑推断。文中第一句提到在城里散步不同于在公园散步，紧接着阐明研究结果——在城市环境中散步会加重你的思想负担，同时使你放慢行走的速度，设空处后一句提到“它”可以使你精神放松、加快你的节奏，那么设空处应是介绍“在自然中散步”的情况，结合选项可知，C项(然而，在大自然中漫步却恰恰相反。)符合语境。故选C。2．考查逻辑推断。根据第二段第一句“Thefirstofthetwoexperiments...”可知设空处需要引出这两个实验。G项(该研究包括两个实验，这两个实验采用两种不同的方法。)符合语境。故选G。3．考查语境推断。空前内容描述了实验的外部条件设置，空后的内容是实验的结果——人们在城市的环境下行走感觉更不舒服，故设空处应该为实验的步骤之一。结合选项可知，E项(每次散步结束后，参与者被要求为他们在两种环境下的不舒适程度打分。)符合语境。故选E。4．考查语境推断。根据空后内容可知，本段描述的是一个不同的实验。设空处应起到承上启下的作用，指出后面的内容与第二个实验有关。结合选项可知，B项(第二个实验深入研究了一些更高层次的认知过程。)符合语境。故选B。5．考查语境推断。空前是实验的结果，空后一句是对该实验结果的进一步分析，由此可推知，设空处也应是对实验的结论做出的解释。结合选项可知，F项(原因是城市环境更容易让人分心。)符合语境。故选F。Ⅲ.语法填空(2023·八省市第一次联考)I'vehadmyfairshareoftravellingaroundChina,andtherecentweek-longtriptoGuizhouwasmyfirsttimetotheprovince.ItriedlookingupthemeaningandsignificanceofthenameGuizhoubeforethetrip，1.basically(basic)tohaveareasonableideaofwhatwasinstoreforme.Butthatwas2.ahardtasksoIinquiredaChinesecolleagueonthetrip.Accordingtowhatshesaid,initiallytheprovince3.wasnamed(name)afterafamousmountaincalled“Gui”，sortofnobleinliteraltranslation,and“zhou”simplymeans“province”inChinese.4.Keeping(keep)thatinmindIsetoutonajourneyofdiscoveryand5.whatIfoundwasmind-blowing，aphotographer'sparadise.Generally6.described(describe)asamountainousprovinceinsouthwesternChina,withGuiyangas7.its(it)capital,theprovinceistrulyoneofnature'sbestkeptsecrets.Comparedtoothermoreeconomicallyadvanced8.provinces(province)inChina,withregard9.todevelopment，Guizhouhassomecatching-uptodo.However,theprovinceremainsuniquenotonlyforitsamazinglandscape,10.butfortheroleitplayedinthehistoryofChinaandtheroleitistoplayintheworld.语篇导读：本文从一名旅行者的视角出发，对贵州进行了简单的介绍。解析：1．考查副词。句意：在出发前，我试着查了一下贵州这个名字的含义和意义，基本上是为了对即将发生的事情有一个合理的认识。此处作状语，应用副词。故填basically。2．考查冠词。句意：但这是一项艰巨的任务，所以我在旅途中询问了一位中国同事。task是可数名词，且此处为泛指，应用不定冠词修饰。hard的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。3．考查动词的时态和语态及主谓一致。句意：根据她的说法，这个省最初是以一座名叫“贵”的名山命名的，字面翻译有几分“高贵”之意，而“州”在汉语中只是“省份”的意思。nameafter是固定搭配，意为“以……来命名”，此处主语为theprovince，故应用动词的被动语态；主语为名词单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；且根据时间状语initially可知，此处描述过去的事实，应用一般过去时。故填wasnamed。4．考查非谓语动词。句意：牢记着这一点，我开始了一段探索之旅，而我发现(这里是)一个摄影者的天堂，这使我兴奋。此处应用非谓语动词形式作伴随状语，keep与其逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填Keeping。5．考查名词性从句。句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作宾语，指物。故填what。6．考查非谓语动词。句意：该省通常被人描述为中国西南部的一个多山省份，省会贵阳，的确是大自然最隐秘的地方之一。此处应用非谓语形式作状语，describe与其逻辑主语theprovince之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填described。7．考查代词。句意见上一题解析。空处修饰capital，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。8．考查名词复数。句意：与中国其他经济更发达的省份相比，在发展方面，贵州还需要迎头赶上。other后应跟可数名词复数。故填provinces。9．考查介词。句意见上一题解析。with