大学英语阅读理解及解答

..总结资料Passage1I’mprettyconfidentthattherewillneverbeadaywhenalltheworldisinagreementaboutthebesthumandiet.I’manomnivoremyself,butIhavefriendswhoswearbytheirpaleo,vegetarian,andvegandiets.Allofuscanmakepellingargumentsaboutwhyweeatthewaywedo,andallofuscanmakevalidcriticismsofdietsthatareunlikeourown.Forme,decidinghowandwhattoeatrequiredacloseexaminationofthevaluesandprinciplesthattrulymattertome.Thetypeoffoodweconsumehasimmediatehealthandeconomicconsequences,butitalsohasasignificantimpactonourenvironment.Asastudyshows,themannerandscaleatwhichoursocietycurrentlyraisesanimalforhumanconsumptioncontributestoclimatechangeinmajorway.Italsowasteswater,pollutesoursoil,andcontaminatesfreshwatersupplies.Soifyou’rereallytryingtolivealow-impactlife,eatinglessmeatandensuringthatthemeatyoudoeatisraisedbyresponsiblefarmersandrancherscouldhelpyoushrinkyourcarbonfootprintalotfasterthanbuyingahybridorskippingshowers.Theauthorbelievesthat()peoplewillbemoreandmorerationalinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.theargumentsaboutwhatshouldbeeatenwillneveretoanend.peoplewillsomedayreachaconsensusonwhatthebestfoodis.peoplewillbemoreandmorefastidiousinchoosingthefoodtheyeat.Whendecidinghowandwhattoeat,theauthor()hassomeimportantprinciplestofollow.willconsultwithhisfriends.willfollowtheinstructionsofhisfriends.considersonlyhisowninterests.Thetypeoffoodweeat()hasanindirectbutgreateffectonourenvironment.hasnothingtodowithourenvironment.C.hasnothingtodowithourhealth.isdecidedonlybyoureconomicstatus.WhatisimpliedinParagraph3()Weshouldstopraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.Weshouldstopeatinganimals.Thewayanimalsareraisedforhumanconsumptionshouldbeimproved.Environmentalpollutionandclimatechangearecausedbyraisinganimalsforhumanconsumption.Passage2Americansaretoobusyforlunchbreaks,reportsAOL.Ratherthanleavingtheofficeforsomemuchneededrelaxation,mostworkersareoptingtodineattheirdesks.Accordingtoasurvey,62%ofAmericanofficeworkersusuallyeattheirlunchinthesamespottheyworkallday.Inaweakenedeconomy,manyemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworthorlooklikeasuperstarworkerwhogoesaboveandbeyondtogetthejobdone.Plus,whencoworkersareworkingthroughtheirlunchbreaks,noonewantstobethepersonwholookslikeaslacker.Forothers,itisnotjustamatterofsavingtime,butsavingmoney.Eatingoutroutinelygetsexpensive,sobringingalunchtoeatatthedeskisalsothethriftychoicefortheAmericanworker.Onanationallevel,theUnitedStatesdoesnotmandatethatbusinessesallowtheiremployeesalunchbreak.However,22statesdohaveexplicitlawsonthebooksstatingthatworkersmusttakeahalfhourtohourlunchbreak.Nonetheless,evenworkersinthesestatesoftenfindthemselvesignoringthelawtochowdownnexttotheirputers.Inadditiontolunch,27%willeatbreakfastattheirdesk(atleasttheyarenotskippingitaltogether),and50%willsnackattheirdeskthroughouttheworkday.Unfortunately,usingthedeskasadiningtablecouldbeahealthhazard.Withabouttwointhreeworkersadmittingtheycleantheirdesklessthanonceamonth,theunsanitarysurfaceleavesworkerssusceptibletofoodborneillnesses.AccordingtothereportbyAOL,mostAmericanofficeworkersusually()takelunchattheirdesks.takeanapafterlunch.goouttoeatatlunchtime.enjoyfreelunch.()makestheAmericanemployeesfeelaheightenedneedtoprovetheirworth.Theemployers’encouragementAnupturnineconomyThecozyworkingenvironment.Adownturnineconomy.AccordingtoParagraph4,()?moststatesofAmericahavepassedthelawsstatingthatworkersmusttakesomelunchbreak.theworkersinthe22statesworkfewerhoursthanthoseintheotherstates.C.theworkersinthe22statesdonotnecessarilytakeabetterlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.theworkersinthe22statestakealongerlunchbreakthanthoseintheotherstates.Whatisadisadvantageoftakinglunchatthedesk?Itmaysavetimefortheemployees.Itmaydoharmtotheemployees’health.Itmaysavemoneyfortheemployees.Itmayhelptheemployeesreducetheirweight.Passage3Inmanyurbancentersthroughouttheworld,vibrantwasterecyclingprogramsaren’tjusteco-mindedniceties,buttheyserveanessentialroleinkeepingmunitiescleanandclutter-free.Butthankstooneforward-thinkinginitiativeintheBraziliancityofJundiai,tradingintrashhasneverbeentastier.Tenyearsago,thecity’sMunicipalUtilitiesDepartmentlaunched“DeliciousRecycling”,aprogramaimedatencouragingresidentstogetintothehabitofcollectingrecyclablewasteinexchangeforfreshvegetables,grownlocallyinapublic-rungarden—andboydidittakeoff.Today,thegardenboastsmorethan30thousandplantstomeetthedemandofthousandsofveggie-lovingrecyclers,turningaluminumcansandplasticbottlesintoediblegreens.Ultimately,theprogramhasdonewondersforthehealthoftheenvironmentaswell,byriddingthecityofimproperlydisposedwaste.“Whatonceclutteredandevenchokedtheflowofwaterfromstormdrainsistodayusedascurrencyforhealthyfood,"localmayorMiguelHaddadtellsJundiaiOnline.“Everybodywinswiththis.”AsinnovativeasJundiai's“DeliciousRecycling”mayseem,it'sactuallynotthefirstofitskind,butgiventheprogram’ssuccess,it’snowonderwhythoughanumberofotherBrazilianmunicipalitiesoffersimilarincentivestorewardrecyclerswithfood,theideaseemstobecatchinginternationally—likeinMexicoCity,whereresidentsrecentlyexchangedtrashfornearlythreetonsofvegetables!Wasterecyclingprograms()arepaidlittleattentiontoinmanyurbancenters.helpmakemunitiescleanandtidy.havenothingtodowiththesanitationofmunities.areinactiveinmanyurbancenters.Thepurposeof“DeliciousRecycling”is()toteachresidentshowtomakedeliciousfood.torewardresidentswhodowellinclassifyingrubbish.toencourageresidentstotraderecyclablewasteformeatorvegetables.toencourageresidentstotraderecyclablewasteforvegetables.AccordingtolocalmayorMiguelHaddad,()waterinstormdrainsisflowingmorefreelythanbeforebecausethetrashinithasbeenremoved.waterinstormdrainscanbeexchangedforhealthyfood.waterinstormdrainsisessentialtothegrowingoffreshvegetables.thereismoretrashinstormdrainsnowthanthereusedtobe.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?“DeliciousRecycling”hasfailedtoachievethedesiredresult.TherearenowasterecyclingprogramsinotherBrazilianmunicipalities.MexicoCityisprobablyimitatingJundia^'s"DeliciousRecycling”.WasterecyclingprogramsinotherBrazilianmunicipalitiesaremoresuccessfulthanJundiai's“DeliciousRecycling”.Passage4AclassactionlawsuithasbeenfiledagainstGeneralMillsformisrepresentingtheproductitcallsYoplaitGreek.Itisn’tGreek,anditisn’tyogurt.ThesalesofYoplaitGreekalreadylagfarbehindotherbrandssuchasChobaniandFageinanexplodingGreekyogurtmarket,andthislatestlawsuitwo’nthelpany.“YoplaitGreekdoesnotplywiththestandardofidentityofyogurt,”thelawsuitstates.“Indeed,YoplaitGreekcontainsMilkProteinConcentrate(“MPC”)whichisnotamongthepermissibleingredientsofyogurt,non-fatyogurt,andlow-fatyogurt(collectively“yogurt”)assetforthundertheFood,Drug,andCosmeticAct.”AuthenticGreekyogurtisthickerinconsistencyandricherinproteinbecauseit’sstrainedofliquidwhey.ButMPCoffersanalternativetothisprocess.Itis,asdescribedonFoodNavigator-USA,“averyhighproteindrymilkproduct,whichhasbeentoutedforuseinGreek-styleproductstoincreasetheirproteincontentandprovideathick,creamytexturewithouttheneedforexpensivestrainin”g.InitscorporateeagernesstoclaimalargershareoftheGreekyogurtmarket,GeneralMillsaddsMPCtoYoplaitGreekbecause,asreportedintheMinneapolis/St.PaulBusinessJournal,itis“cheapertostoreandtransportthanwetmilkandcostslessthandrymilkduetominimaltariffsonMPCimportsandlowerforeignmilkprices.”NewZealandisthebiggestsupplierofMPCtotheUnitedStates.Inshort,asstatedinthelawsuit,“TheuseofMPCisfinanciallyadvantageoustodefendants.”ItallowsGeneralMillstomanufacturemoreproductatlowercost,andthat’stheonlyreasonit’sintheyogurt.NevermindthattheuseofthesubstanceinyogurtfloutsFDArulesforthestandardofidentityofthefood.SofartheextentofGeneralMills’sdefenseisthattheFDAneverexplicitlyprohibitedMPCinyogurt.That’salessoninlogic.Anysubstancethatisnotexplicitlyprohibitedisofficiallypermitted.Nevermind,aswell,thequestionablesafetyofthesubstance,whichisnotincludedontheFDAlistofsubstancesgenerallyrecognizedassafe(GRAS)orontheFDAlistoffoodadditives.Inotherwords,ithasn’tactuallybeenapprovedforuseinfood.ThelawsuitagainstGeneralMills()isaleadingfactorthathascausedthesalesofYoplaitGreektolagbehindotherbrands.willmakethesalesofYoplaitGreeklagbehindotherbrandswillhelpincreasethesalesofYoplaitGreek.hasnodirectrelationshipwiththefactthatthesalesofYoplaitGreekhavealreadylaggedfarbehindotherbrands.AuthenticGreekyogurt()isstrainedofliquidwhey.thickerinconsistencythanYoplaitGreek.C.richerinproteinthanYoplaitGreek.D.containsMPC.Accordingtothelawsuit,itis()thatGeneralMillsaddsMPCtoYoplaitGreek.fortheimprovementofitsqualityfortheconvenienceoftransportationforthereductionofcostsfortheextensionofitsshelflifeWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?TheFDAhasapprovedtheuseofMPCinyogurt.MPCisontheFDAlistofsubstancesgenerallyrecognizedassafeTheFDAhasneitherprohibitednorapprovedtheuseofMPCinyogurt.MPCisontheFDAlistoffoodadditives.Passage5Appleshavebeethelatestcontroversialentryintothegeneticallymodifiedfooddebate,followingaJuly12NewYorkTimespiecewrittenbyAndrewPollack.OkanaganSpecialtyFruits,asmallBritishColumbiapany,wantstostartmarketinganon-browningapple,andithasappliedforapprovalinCanadaandintheUnitedStates.TheArcticapple,availablesofarintheGoldenDeliciousandGrannySmithvarieties,containsanextracopyofagenewhichinterfereswiththeenzymaticactivitythatcausesbrowning.Theenzymeispolyphenoloxidase.AccordingtoNealCarter,founderandpresidentofOkanaganSpecialtyFruits,thenon-browningArcticappleisjustwhatconsumersarelookingfor.Awholeapple,hetellstheTimes,is“formanypeopletoobigamitment,”andappleslicesthathavebrownedjustaren’tappetizing.(Whataburdenwebear—tohavetoeatawholeapple,letaloneanunsightlyone.)Cartersuggeststhatitismerelyacosmeticchangeintendedtoencouragepeopletoeatmoreapples.Butit’smorethanthat,ofcourse.Itisintended “toturntheappleintoanindustrializedproduct,”saidLucySharratt,coordinatoroftheCanadianBiotechnologyActionNetwork,asreportedintheTimes.InmonGround,aCanadianmonthlymagazinededicatedtohealth,wellnessandecology,YukonfarmerTomRudgesays,“Weshouldeatrealfoodinsteadofgeneticallyengineeringanapplesopaniescansliceit,wrapitinplasticandtruckitacrossthecountry.”OrganicapplefarmerHarryBurtonofSaltSpringIslandseesitas“anindicationofourdistancingfromnature.”AsPollackreports,theU.S.AppleAssociationopposestheintroductionoftheArcticapple,butnotoutofanyobjectiontogeneticengineering.Infact,theydeclareontheirwebsitethat“inordertocontinuediscoveringnewandvaluablebenefitsfromapples,U.S.Applesupportsadvancementsfromtechnologyandgeneticsandgenomicsresearch.”TheproblemforU.S.Apple,Pollackwrites,isthatthenon-browningArcticapple“couldunderminethefruit’simageasahealthyandnaturalfood,theonethatkeepsthedoctorawayandisasAmericanas,well,applepie”.AstotheArcticapple,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?Itwillnotturnbrown.Thereisnoenzymaticactivityinitsbody.Itisakindofgeneticallymodifiedfood.Theenzymaticactivitythatcausesbrowninghasbeenreduced.AccordingtoNealCarter,()Thenon-browningArcticappleisverypopularamongconsumers.Anewtypeofsmallerapplewillbedevelopedtomeetthedemandofsomeconsumers.Thecolorofappleshasnothingtodowithone’sappetite.Thenon-browningArcticappleismorenutritiousthanothervarieties.Fromwhattheorganicfarmerssaid,weknowthatitisundesirableto()eatrealfoodinsteadofgeneticallymodifiedfood.attachmoreimportancetoindustrythantoagriculture.cultivatefarmproductsinanindustrializedway.beclosetonature.WhyistheU.S.AppleAssociationagainsttheintroductionoftheArcticapple?Becauseitisagainstgeneticengineering.Becauseitcannotbenefitfromthiskindofapple.Becausethiskindofapplewillunderminethefruit’simageasahealthyandnaturalfood.Thereasonisnotmentionedinthepassage.Passage1B.根据第一段可知，人们永远无法对什么是最佳食物这一问题达成共识，人们永远有理由说明自己选择的食物是最好的，别人不同于自己的食物是不好的，所以选B.A根据第二段第一句行。「me,