牛津上海版高二第17讲-分词用法详解

授课日期时间主题分词用法详解学习目标1.掌握现在分词的不同形式和含义；2.掌握现在分词和过去分词作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的差别；教学内容上次课后巩固作业复习；互动探索。IntheQuietNightSobrightagleamonthefootofmybed;Couldtherehavebeenafrostalready？Liftingmyheadtolook,ifoundthatitwasmoonlight.Sinkingbackagain,ithoughtsuddenlyofmyhome.NightThoughtsInfrontofmybedthemoonlightisverybright.Iwonderifthatcanbefrostonthefloor?Iliftupmyheadandlookatthefullmoon,thedazzlingmoon.Idroppedmyhead,andthinofthehomeofolddays.生词备注：gleamn.微光，闪光frostn.霜，冰冻dazzlev.使……炫目；使……眼花现在分词和过去分词的用法【知识梳理1】现在分词的四种形式现在分词除了一般式之外，还有完成式和被动式，以动词do为例，现在分词的四种形式见下表：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone1)doing：主动/进行eg.a)IhearsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Lastnight,IheardsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.b)Themanstandingontheplatformiswavinghishandtous.c)Theystoodbytheroadside,begging.doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，与逻辑主语是主动关系。2)beingdone：被动/进行eg.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Themuseumbeingbuilttherewillbeopentothepublicnextyear.beingdone所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，但与逻辑主语是被动关系。3)havingdone：主动／完成eg.Havingdonehishomework,Timplayedchesswithhisfriends.Havingcleanedtheclassroom,Iwenthome.havingdone所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与逻辑主语是主动关系。4)havingbeendone：被动/完成eg.Havingbeensurroundedbythefloodforoveraweek,thevillagerslackedfoodandmedicine.Havingbeenshownthelibrary,thevisitorswereledtotheaudio-visuallab.havingbeendone所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与逻辑主语是被动关系。现在分词doing(主动/进行)beingdone(被动/进行)havingdone(主动/完成)havingbeendone(被动/完成)过去分词/done(被动/完成)havingbeendone与done的区别：试分析：WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.Builtmorethan800yearsago,theKrimlinistheworkingplaceoftheRussianpresident.Havingbeensurroundedbythefloodforoveraweek,thevillagerslackedfoodandmedicine.Havingbeenshownroundthelibrary,thevisitorswereledtotheaudio-visuallab.过去分词所表示的动作也发生在谓语动词之前，与逻辑主语的关系也是被动，但它不像havingbeendone强调两个动作先后发生，过去分词经常可表示一种完成的状态。5)分词的否定形式：not+分词eg.Sheremainedsilent,notknowingwhattosay.Nothearingthebell,theteacherkeptonteaching.【知识梳理2】分词的功能1．表语(doing/done)eg.Thesituationisinspiring.Thelittlegirlischarming.Helooksdisappointed.NanjingRoadiscrowdedatweekend.Thosedaysaregoneforever.2．宾语补足语(doing/done)可以跟分词作宾语补足语的常用动词有see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel,smell,have,get,set,leave,keep,make,find等。eg.Maryheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ifoundhimsitting/seatedatthebackoftheroom.Ididn’trecognizehim,becausehehadhishaircut.Don’tworry.I’llhavethecarwaitingforyou.Shesawherbabyplayingwiththeirpetdog.Shesawapatientcarriedoutoftheroombythedoctors.Thepolicemannoticedthesmallkitchenwindowbroken.*Theteachercaughthimcheatingintheexam.*Iwon’thaveyoutalkinglikethat.3．定语(doing/done/beingdone)分词作定语，如果只是单个的分词，一般放在名词前，如是词组，一般放在名词之后。eg.Hetookaburningstickfromthefire.Therewasalightedcandleatthecornerofthetable.Wemetagroupofchildrentrainingintheplayground.MrSmithisamangreatlyrespectedbyhiscolleagues.Thehousebeingrepairedwasonfirelastnight.4．状语(doing/done/havingdone/havingbeendone)分词（短语）经常用作时间、原因、条件及伴随状语。eg.Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.Havingreceivedthefinalmedicalcheck,theastronautsboardedthespaceship.Havingbeenoperatedontheleg,thepatientwasmovedtotheward.Beingyoung,hewasenergetic.Badlyinjured,thedriverlostconsciousness.Havinglivedthereformorethanhalfayear,sheisfamiliarwiththecity.Givenmoretime,Icoulddoitbetter.Heatedforawhile,waterwillturnintovapour.Theysatonthegrass,lookingatthesettingsun.Holdingthemillion-poundnote,hestoodtheredumbfounded.分词作状语，分词短语前有时还可以用连词when,while,if,unless,once,until,though等。eg.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourtime.Don’tmentionitwhen/whiletalkingwithMary.Hewillnotcomeunlessinvited.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.Leavethechickenintheovenuntilcookedtoabrowncolor.有的分词短语已经相当于一个固定用语，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,talkingof...等，要靠平时注意和积累。eg.Judgingfromhisappearance,hecan’tbeoverforty.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchactivitiesthangirls.Talkingoflanguagelearning,communicationisofgreatimportance.注意：我们用分词作状语的时候，它的逻辑主语必须是句子的主语或分词前面的名词。错句：Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedbeautiful.→Walkingthroughthepark,Isawsomebeautifulflowers.错句：Runningintothehouse,thedoorbangedaftertheboy.→Runningintothehouse,theboybangedthedoor.5．分词独立结构(AbsoluteConstruction)A)Trytoturnthefollowingcomplexsentencesintosimpleones:a)BecauseIhadlostallmymoney,Ihadtogiveupmyplan.→Havinglostallmymoney,Ihadtogiveupmyplan.b)Whenshewasleftaloneintheroom,shebegantoweep.→Leftaloneintheroom,shebegantoweep.c)Iftimepermits,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus.→Permitting,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus×→Timepermitting,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus.√当分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，我们可以保留这个逻辑主语，这种“名词+分词”的结构，就是分词的独立结构。eg.Theworkdone,theysettocleantheroom.=Aftertheworkwasdone,theysettocleantheroom.Therebeingnooneintheroom,Ileftanoteonthedesk.=Sincetherewasnooneintheroom,Ileftanoteonthedesk.Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.=Becausethelastbushadgone,wehadtowalkhome.试试看：Isawaboylayontheground,histeeth______(set),hiseyes______(look)upwards,hisrighthand______(clench)onhischest.B)分词的独立结构之前，有时还可以带有介词with。(with+noun+-ing/-ed)eg.Thelittleboycalledouttohismother,withtearsrunningdownhischeeks.Theoldwomansatonthebed,withherlegscrossed.如果在with+分词独立结构中的分词是being的话，being经常省略。eg.Don’ttalkwithyourmouth(being)full.Shesetoutinthemorning,withaheavybasket(being)onherback.【巩固练习】基础题：Jacksonknewhewouldsurelygetifhewenttoworklateagain.A.shoutingatB.shoutedat C.toshoutat D.tobeshoutedatEventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselvesforwords.A.lose

B.lost

C.tolose

D.havinglostClairehadluggageanhourbeforeherplaneleft.

A.check

B.checking

C.tocheck

D.checkedMichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfofhisowndreams.A.reminding

B.toremindC.reminded

D.RemindTherarefish,fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.saved

B.saving

C.tobesaved

D.havingsavedTsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.found

B.founding

C.founded

D.tobefoundedTheplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selecting

B.toselect

C.selected

D.havingselectedThecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschoolA.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenSofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.A.discovered B.tobediscoveredC.discovering D.havingdiscovered Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioningThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeWhendifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcomparedWheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysthesamething.A.saying B.said C.tosay D.havingsaid提高题：Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound(smoke)inthekitchen.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.Ifoundhim(work)hardonhisbook.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues(amuse)withherstories.amusedThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.seatedInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.Rarespeciesintheworld,(disappear)byhundredseveryyear,mustbejointlypreservedbyallcountries,orhumanswillencounterecologicaldisasterinthenearfuture.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,(study)foradegreeincomputerscience.Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname.Willthose(teach)thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?(live)allbyherselfformanyyears,theoldladyissometimesverydifficulttogetalongwith.AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,(realize)thathecoulddonothingtohelp.Theybothworkedveryhardforyears.(earn)enoughmoney,theyfinallycouldmovefromtheirtwo-bedroomhometoaseven-bedroomhomeinarichneighborhood.HespentalmostallhistimechattingontheInternet,(forget)manythingsheshouldhavedone.(complete)theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(build)atunnelthroughthemountain,theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake.(suffer)fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.When(complete)，thpmuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.Inthatnewly-builtcomputercentre,thereareagreatnumberofmoderncomputers,withsixexperts__________(answer)questionsthatusersmayask.There(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withwinter(come),treesarebeginningtoshedleaves.LastweekendPeterhadagreatdealoffunwithhisfamily(fly)kitesinapark.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhiswork，(finish)hegladlyacceptedit.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some(have)alifespanofaround20years.一个人在家时，她感到害怕，整晚开着灯。Have不知道他的电话号码，我无法和他取得联系。touch当发现店主在欺骗我时，我马上走出了商店。catch看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。(turn)比利大量的闲暇时间都花在集邮上，在他的收藏品中增添新的邮票。(spend,add)因为有一座桥与大陆连接，那个岛屿很容易去。（join）每个运动员都刻苦训练，希望在奥运会上获奖牌。(hope)听到这个骇人的消息，他的眼睛睁得很大。(Onhearing…)时间允许的话，我会把你昨天布置给我的任务先完成。（独立主格结构）Mike在他屋子外的大街上发现了他丢失的汽车，看上去刚擦得干干净净，还打过腊。（look）基础题：Thefrontdoorofthehouse,sowehadtoenterthroughthebackdoor.A.beingpainted B.havingbeenpainted C.tobepainted D.wasbeingpaintedPumas,whicharelarge,cat-likeanimals,willnotattackhumanbeingsifundisturbed.A.leaving B.left C.beingleft D.tobeleftThebuildinginourschoolisforusteachers,soalthoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.built B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbeingbuilt D.beingbuiltThesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgobythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.A.tobeunrecorded B.tohavebeenunrecordedC.unrecorded D.unrecordingAlltheteachersandstudentsinourschoolcontributedweeklytoaspecialfundtoimprovetheconditionofthefootballfield.A.intended B.intending C.intends D.tobeintendedWhen,thepowerstationwillsupplypowertonine-tenthsofthecity’shomes.A.iscompleted B.beingcompleted C.havingcompleted D.completedThenewgardenrequirescarefully.A.tolookafter B.beinglookedafter C.lookingafter D.lookedafterIregretyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefused.A.informing B.beinginformed C.tobeinformed D.toinforminthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing B.Havinglost C.Lost D.Toloseseveralhundredpounds,thepianowasmovedbyhimalone.A.Weighed B.Weighing C.Beingweighed D.Weigh提高题：However,ifweremembertobegratefulornotsoself-centered,wewillseethattheirlovehasalwaysbeenthere,only(express)inwaysdifferentfromwhatwemayhaveexpected.SofarEnglish,(invent)bypeoplenotcomputers,(reflect)thecreativityofhumanbeings.Thenumberofchildren(admit)tohospitalsafteraccidentsinpublicplaygrounds(27)(climb)byaboutathirdinfiveyears,accordingtoNHSdata.Theyplayedoutside,(build)weaponsandforts(堡垒).Heplanstokeepit(lock)fromnowon.ColdweatheralsobroughtheavysnowstormstotheUS,RussiaandEurope,(cause)deathsandforcinghighwaystoshutdown.(think)aboutitforawhile,hesuddenlymadeuphismind.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymother(take)itdowntodictation.Ateleven,whenthewarof1914-18brokeout,Iwroteapoem(print)inthelocalnewspaperlater.Sheseesmanyofherothercousinsinthefield(play)softball.Passengerssittingintherearofaplanehavethebestchanceofsurvivalinaneventofacrash,anextraordinaryandcostlyaviation（航空，飞行）experimentever(conduct)hasrevealed.JustthenthefloorgavewayundermeandIcrashedtothefloorbelowwithpiecesof(burn)woodallaroundme.Assoonasthelocalpeoplediscoverthatyouarewillingtobuylivewildcreatures,thestuffcomes_(pour)in;ninetypercentis,ofcourse,themorecommontypes.Thefirstingredient(list)wasorganicsproutedwheat.(invite)twice,thegirlfinallyagreedtodineoutwiththeboythisweekend他穿着黑色的燕尾服出现在舞台上，看上去真像一个音乐指挥。(Dress…)成立于50年代，我们的公司在产品质量和售后服务方面享有良好的声誉。(Establish…)深夜听到有人从窗前走过，他害怕地用被子蒙住了头。（hear）左撇子只是有些人天生的行为方式，因此我们决不能歧视他们。（lookdown）由于对考试的焦虑,他决定寻求心理医生的帮助。（seek）由于缺了两天时间，我们只得晚于计划完成这次任务。(short)从那位白发苍苍的老爷爷脸上的皱纹判断，他一辈子饱经风霜。（suffer）望着国旗徐徐升起，运动员们激动地热泪盈眶。（raise）如果政府听任工厂污染河道，这儿将再见不到鱼。(leave)他们结婚50年，仍深深相爰。(marry)基础题：——Whichbookonearthistheoneyouwant?——Therearealargenumberofreferencebooks(choose)from,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.Itisbelievedthatsuchmeasures,once(take),willsurelypreventthetopinfectiousdiseasesfromfurtherspreadinginBeijing.BirdfluexpertDr.MargaretChanhasbeenelectedastheworld’stophealthofficial,(make)herthefirstChinesetoholdsuchahigh-rankingU.N.post.Hehasbeenaccustomedto(deal)withmattersinhisownway.If(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrugwillservetorelieveyourpainsandIthasnosideaffect.When(celebrate)thecompletionoftheproject,weallknowthatthedreamofthechiefengineercametrueatlast.(complete)thehardwork,they(lie)downforarest.(expose)toanEnglishspeakingenvironmentisquiteimportanttotheEnglishlearners.Witheverything(settle),mothersightedarelievedsighandwasreadytohavearest.Winter(come),theriverwasfrozenandthetreeswerebare.Nomatterhowfrequently(play).Theprogram“MyHero”thatdeclaresthebeginningofmalebeautyalwaysattractslargeaudiences.Thetradetalkbrokeupatmidnight(make)noprogressasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionoftheteacher.The(miss)boywaslastseenplayingneartheEastLake.Therearehundredsofvisitors(wait)infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.---Youarewetallover.Howcome?----When(catch)intheheavyrainjustnow,Ihadnoumbrellawithme.提高题：一、语法填空题(A)Teachersalwayshavefoundthatteachingandlearningbecomeinterestingandenjoyablewhenstudentsareactivelyinvolvedinthelesson.Theiractiveengagement,however,doesnotcomeautomatically.Inmostcases,teachershavetofindwaystogetthem(1)(involve).HaiK.P.Huynh,anEnglishteacheratAmerican-VietnameseInternationalEnglishCentreinDaNang,Vietnam,demonstrates(2)teacherscangetstudentsactivelyengagedinthelearningprocessandtakechargeoftheirlearningbygivingthemtheopportunitiestofindandcorrectmistakes(3).Theeffectivewayistoprepareanactivity(4)studentstakeovertheroleofcorrectingmistakeswhichisnormallydonebytheteacher.Theteacherpurposefullybecomesthe‘mistakemaker’.Thistechniquecanbringforthseveralbenefits.Forinstance,byswitchingtheroleofthe‘mistakecorrector’,theteachercanoftenobservethatstudentsgetexcited.Thedegreeofexcitement(5)(increase)whentheclassisdividedintotwoteamstocompetewitheachotherinfindingandcorrectingthemistakes.Anotherbenefitisthattheyhavetheopportunitytoidentifythepossiblemistakesthemselvesinsteadoftheteacher(6)(tell)themwhatthemistakesare.Thistechniquecanhelptheteachercheckhisorherstudents’understandingofagrammarpointorcomprehensionofareadingtask.Itcanbeusedtoreinforceandimprovetheirproductionskillssuchaswritingandpronunciation.Theactivityisasimpletechnique(7)itisveryeffective(8)gettingstudents'attentionandparticipation.Itcaneasilybedeveloped(9)(satisfy)teachers’needs.(B)It’slikelythatyour(1)(big)ambitionasaSenior3studentistoenteragooduniversitythistimenextyear.But(2)makesyourdreamuniversity“good”enough?Anexcellentreputationandhighrankingsarecertainlyimportant,accordingtoasurvey(3)(conduct)byShanghaiMunicipalEducationCommissionin50Shanghaihighschoolsthissummer.Amongthe400students,nearly64percentfavoreduniversitieswithtoprankingsandoutstandingacademicperformancerecords.“Comparedwithlower-rankinguniversities,ahouseholdnameonthefirst-levellistusuallymeansmoreadvancedfacilities,betterlecturesandmoreopportunities.Thesewillallhelpmesettledowntoasuccessfuluniversityexperience,”saidQiuchenhao,17ofShanghai’sJianpingHighSchool.However,greatuniversitiesaredefinedbyotherfactorsaswell.Over63percentthinkthat(4)idealuniversityshouldhaveanenvironmentwithresearchfreedom,(5)(allow)theirstudentstoexperiment,succeedandsometimesfail.Andasimilarnumberofstudentsbelievethatagooduniversity(6)producegraduateswhoareparticularlysoughtafterbye