河北省“五个一”名校联盟高一年级联考英语试题（解析版）

河北省“五个一”名校联盟高一年级联考英语试卷(满分：150分，测试时间：120分钟)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.15.C.£9.18.1.Whereisthewomanfrom?A.TheUSA. B.Canada. C.Japan.【答案】A2.Whatcolordressdoesthemantellthewomantowear?A.Red. B.Grey. C.Blue.【答案】C3.Whatdothespeakersdecidetodo?A.Havedinnerlate. B.Meetintheman’soffice. C.Seeamovietonight.【答案】C4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Somesongs. B.Theirhobbies. C.Aband.【答案】C5.Whyhasn’tthemantakenaphoto?A.Thefogisthick. B.Thetempleistoofar.C.Thecameraisbroken.【答案】A第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。6.Whatdidthemandoinsummer?A.Hevisitedhisbrother. B.Hewentswimming. C.HetraveledtoItaly.7.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Classmates. B.Teacherandstudent. C.Guideandtourist.【答案】6.C7.A听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。8.Whatdoesthemanwanttodowiththetrousersatfirst?A.Toexchangethem. B.Toreturnthem. C.Torepairthem.9.Whenwillthemangotoaparty?A.OnWednesday. B.OnFriday. C.OnSaturday.【答案】8.B9.C听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。10.WhatwillthemandoonSaturdaynight?A.Visithisfriend.B.Attendamusicfestival.C.Invitehisfriendstodinner.11.Whatisthewoman’sproblem?A.Hercarhasbrokendown.B.Herbosstoldhertoworkatweekends.C.Hersistercan'tdrivehertothemusicfestival.12.Howwillthewomangotothemusicfestival?A.Byunderground. B.Bybus. C.Bytaxi.【答案】10.A11.C12.A听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。13.WhatdoesthemanwanttogetforGraceatfirst?A.Acat. B.Petfood. C.Books.14.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofshoppingonline?A.Easy. B.Cheap. C.Interesting.15.Whatdothespeakersdecidetobuyintheend?A.Sweets. B.Flowers. C.Aplant.16.Wherearethespeakers?A.Athome. B.Atapetshop. C.Atabookstore.【答案】13.B14.A15.C16.A听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。17.Howdidthespeakerknowaboutthegoodnews?A.FromJulie’smother. B.FromJulie’sfriends. C.FromaTVprogramme.18.WhatdoesthespeakerguessJulieiscelebratingfor?A.Hernewnovel. B.Anewclub. C.Hergraduation.19.HowdoesthespeakerfeelaboutJulie?A.Disappointed. B.Worried. C.Satisfied.20.WhatdidJuliedoasachild?A.Shewonacompetition.B.Shejoinedawritingclub.C.Shegavesomelectures.【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.B第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWhetheryou’renewtotheworldofsustainabilityorwantingaquickrefresheronhowtodothingsbetter,thesebooksabouteco-friendlylivingareavaluableresource.TheHumaneHome:EasyStepsforSustainable&GreenLivingbySarahLozanovaThisshort,smallbookwouldbeusefultoanyonebuildingorrenovatingahomeandwantingageneraloverviewofhowtodoitwithminimalimpact.AuthorSarahLozanovaisanenvironmentaljournalistinMarine.Thebookcontainsnumerouslittleprojects,frombuildinggardenbedstopreservinghome-grownproducetosavingwaterbyputtingabrickinatoilettank.TherearebeautifulillustrationsthroughouttheshortchaptersforDIYprojects.AnAlmostZeroWasteLife:LearningHowtoEmbraceLesstoLiveMorebyMegeanWeldonThebookispackedwithinformationinshort,easily-digestibleparagraphs,andthechaptersareaccompaniedbycutepictures.Onethingthatjumpedoutatmewasthetotalabsenceofbrandnames.Inurgingpeopletochoosebambootoothbrushesandpackage-freecosmetics,Weldonnevermentionsasinglecompany.ThingsYouCanDo:HowtoFightClimateChangeandReduceWastebyEduardoGarciaThisattractiveandpracticalbookoffersanoverviewofhowglobalwarmingoccurs,howenergyisproduced,andwhatbothofthosethingsmeantoourmodern-dayconsumptionhabits.EduardoGarcia,whocontributesregularlytoTreehugger,isastrongbelieverinthepowerofindividualchoicestoeffectchange.TheLessWasteNoFussKitchen:SimpleStepstoShop,Cook,andEatSustainablybyLindsayMilesThisislessacookbookandmoreahandbookforhowtosetup,stock,anduseyourkitcheninawaythatreduceswasteandminimizeswork.LindsayMilesisazerowastelifestylebloggerwhosebookoffersastep-by-stepguideforpeoplewhowishtochangethewaytheyinteractwithfood.21.Whichbookshouldbeusefulforacook?A.TheHumaneHome:EasyStepsforSustainable&GreenLiving.B.AnAlmostZeroWasteLife:LearningHowtoEmbraceLesstoLiveMore.C.ThingsYouCanDo:HowtoFightClimateChangeandReduceWaste.D.TheLessWasteNoFussKitchen:SimpleStepstoShop,Cook,andEatSustainably.22.WhatdoesEduardoGarciado?A.Awriter. B.Aphotographer.C.Ajournalist. D.Ablogger.23.Whatdoweknowfromthetext?A.LindsayMilesshareshisfoodonhisblogeveryday.B.Itdoesn’ttaketoolongtoreadSarahLozanova’sbook.C.MegeanWeldon’sbookrecommendssomeeco-friendlycompanies.D.EduardoGarciathinkschildrenhavegreatpowertomakeadifference.【答案】21.D22.A23.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本有关环保的书。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题TheLessWasteNoFussKitchen:SimpleStepstoShop,Cook,andEatSustainablybyLindsayMiles下的段落中“Thisislessacookbookandmoreahandbookforhowtosetup,stock,anduseyourkitcheninawaythatreduceswasteandminimizeswork.LindsayMilesisazerowastelifestylebloggerwhosebookoffersastep-by-stepguideforpeoplewhowishtochangethewaytheyinteractwithfood.(与其说这是一本烹饪书，不如说是一本手册，教你如何设置、储存和使用你的厨房，以减少浪费和最小化工作。林赛·迈尔斯是一位零浪费生活方式的博主，她的书为那些希望改变与食物互动方式的人提供了一步一步的指导)”可知，TheLessWasteNoFussKitchen:SimpleStepstoShop,Cook,andEatSustainably这本书对厨师有用。故选D项。【22题详解】推理判断题。根据小标题ThingsYouCanDo:HowtoFightClimateChangeandReduceWastebyEduardoGarcia下的段落中“EduardoGarcia,whocontributesregularlytoTreehugger,isastrongbelieverinthepowerofindividualchoicestoeffectchange.(EduardoGarcia经常为Treehugger撰稿，他坚信个人选择的力量可以改变世界)”可推知，EduardoGarcia是一名作家。故选A项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据小标题TheHumaneHome:EasyStepsforSustainable&GreenLivingbySarahLozanova下的段落中“Thisshort,smallbookwouldbeusefultoanyonebuildingorrenovatingahomeandwantingageneraloverviewofhowtodoitwithminimalimpact.(这本短小精悍的书对任何想要建造或翻新房屋的人都很有用，他们想要了解如何以最小的影响来完成它)”可知，TheHumaneHome:EasyStepsforSustainable&GreenLiving是本短小精悍的书，所以读这本书不会花太长时间。故选B项。BWhenayoungmanwithautism(自闭)couldn’trealizehisdreamofridingonthePolarExpress,thetrainstaffhelpedmakehiswishcometrue.18-year-oldTySwartoutisautisticandunabletospeak,andhealsolovesThePolarExpress.Inadditiontoreadingthebookhundredsoftimes,heissuretowatchthemovieeverymonth.Sowhenhisparentsdiscoveredthattherewasareal-lifeversionofthemagicholidaytrainattheGrandCanyonRailwayHotelinWilliams,Arizona,theyknewatripthereisamustthingtobeorchestrated.Tyhandledthefour-hourdrivetotherailwayhotelwithease.Asheandhisparentsatedinnerandpreparedtoboardthetrain,however,Tybecamemoreandmoreover-stimulatedbecauseoftheexcitementofthevisit.Afterexperiencingtwominormeltdowns(abreakdownofself-control),Tywastoothrilledtoboardthetrain.ThetrainstaffrefusedtoleavewithoutTy,buthisparentstoldthemtogoaheadwithoutthem.“ThestaffoftheGrandCanyonRailwayinsistedonhelping,”Ty’smotherAngiesaid.“Theyevenheldthetrain,forwhichIwasbeyondgrateful.Finally,Ihadtosayletusgobacktotheroom.”HardlyhadtheygotbacktotheirhotelroomwhentheyheardaknockatthedoorfromamemberofthehotelstaffandapoliceofficerwhohadstoppedbytomakesurethatTywasokay.Notonlythat,theysaidthattheywantedtodosomethingtomakeituptoTy.AshotelstaffhelpedTy’sfatherLloydrearrangetheirvisitontheGrandCanyonExpresswaywithfreespecialaccommodations,TyandAngiereadThePolarExpress,onlytobevisitedbythereal-liferailwaytrainconductor.HesatnexttoTy’sbedandengagedhiminconversation.Tywassothrilledandhappy.“Aftertheconductorleft,myhusbandtoldmethattheywantedeveryonetoexperiencesomethingspecialandmagical,”Angiecontinued.“Wegotthegiftofhumankindness!”24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“orchestrated”inParagraph2mean?A.Scheduled. B.Drafted. C.Confirmed. D.Postponed.25.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Tyisautisticbutheisfondofcommunicatingwithpeople.B.Ty’sfatherdrovethemtotherailwayhotelwithease.C.Ty’sfamilywasgreatlystruckbypeople’ssympathy.D.HotelstaffsatnexttoTy’sbedandentertainedhim.26.WhenwasTyvisitedbythetrainconductor?A.Whenhewassufferingameltdown. B.Whenhewasinthemiddleofreading.C.Rightafterhegotbacktothehotelroom. D.Whenhemadehiswaytotherailwayhotel.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.PolarExpressSurprisesBoywithAutism B.HelpingOthersIsHelpingOurselvesC.AutismIsCuredbyHumanKindness D.Don’tHesitatetoRealizeYourDream【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.A【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要说明了18岁的TySwartout患有自闭症，不会说话，但他也喜欢《极地快车》，他的父母带他去了一辆现实版的神奇假日火车，火车上的工作人员热心善良，帮助男孩实现了愿望。【24题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段“18-year-oldTySwartoutisautisticandunabletospeak,andhealsolovesThePolarExpress.Inadditiontoreadingthebookhundredsoftimes,heissuretowatchthemovieeverymonth.(18岁的TySwartout患有自闭症，不会说话，但他也喜欢《极地快车》。除了把这本书读几百遍之外，他每个月肯定都会看这部电影)”以及划线词上文“whenhisparentsdiscoveredthattherewasareal-lifeversionofthemagicholidaytrainattheGrandCanyonRailwayHotelinWilliams,Arizona,theyknewatripthereisamustthingtobe(当他的父母发现亚利桑那州威廉姆斯的大峡谷铁路酒店有一列现实版的神奇假日火车时，他们知道去那里旅行是必须orchestrated)”可知，TySwartout非常喜欢《极地快车》这部电影，所以他的父母发现酒店里有一辆现实版的神奇假日火车时，他们知道要精心策划这次旅程。故划线词意思是“计划，安排”。故选A。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“ThetrainstaffrefusedtoleavewithoutTy,buthisparentstoldthemtogoaheadwithoutthem.“ThestaffoftheGrandCanyonRailwayinsistedonhelping,”Ty’smotherAngiesaid.“Theyevenheldthetrain,forwhichIwasbeyondgrateful.Finally,Ihadtosayletusgobacktotheroom.”(火车上的工作人员拒绝在没有Ty的情况下离开，但他的父母告诉他们不要等他们。“大峡谷铁路的工作人员坚持要帮忙，”Ty的母亲安吉说。“他们甚至拦住了火车，对此我感激不尽。我最后不得不说，让我们回到房间去吧。”)”可知，人们的同情深深打动了Ty的家人。故选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“AshotelstaffhelpedTy’sfatherLloydrearrangetheirvisitontheGrandCanyonExpresswaywithfreespecialaccommodations,TyandAngiereadThePolarExpress,onlytobevisitedbythereal-liferailwaytrainconductor.HesatnexttoTy’sbedandengagedhiminconversation.(酒店工作人员帮助Ty的父亲Lloyd重新安排了他们在大峡谷高速公路上的旅行，并提供了免费的特殊住宿，Ty和Angie读了《极地特快》，结果却被现实生活中的火车列车长拜访了。他坐在Ty的床边，和他攀谈起来)”可知，列车长在Ty读书的时候来找Ty的。故选B。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Whenayoungmanwithautism(自闭)couldn’trealizehisdreamofridingonthePolarExpress,thetrainstaffhelpedmakehiswishcometrue.(当一个患有自闭症的年轻人无法实现他乘坐极地快车的梦想时，火车工作人员帮助他实现了愿望)”结合文章主要说明了18岁的TySwartout患有自闭症，不会说话，但他也喜欢《极地快车》，他的父母带他去了一辆现实版的神奇假日火车，火车上的工作人员热心善良，帮助男孩实现了愿望。可知，A选项“极地快车让自闭症男孩惊喜”最符合文章标题。故选A。COnonesideoftheroomsitsalovelylife-sizestuffedanimal(毛绒玩具)you’veeverseen.Ontheothersiderestsarealrabbitthesamesize,shapeandeventhesamenameasthestuffedversion.Yougettositnexttobothofthemandpettheirfur.Guesswhichonewillmakeyourbrainlightup?Ifyouguessedtherealrabbit,you’reright.Stuffedanimals,aslovelyastheymaybe,justdon’tsupercharge(对……增压)ourfrontalcortex,thepartofthebrainmanaginghowwethinkandfeel,accordingtoanewstudypublishedinthejournalPlosOne.Whyisthisfindingimportant?“Itprovidesadditionalevidencethatlivehuman-animalinteractionsmayincreasecognitive(认知的)andemotionalactivityinthebrain.Ifpatientswithproblemsinmotivation,attention,andsocioemotionalfunctioningshowhigheremotionalinvolvementinactivitiesconnectedtoarabbit,thensuchactivitiescouldincreasethechanceoflearningandofachievinghealingaims,”saidtheleadingauthorofthestudy,RahelMarti,adoctoralstudentinthedivisionofclinicalpsychologyandanimal-assistedtreatmentattheUniversityofBaselinSwitzerland.Researchersusedfunctionalnear-infraredspectroscopy(fNIRS)inthestudy,whichisaportablebrainscannerthatprovidesflexibilitysinceit’sfunctionalinnaturalsettingsandnotlimitedtoaclosedroominalab.Thestudyteamfittedeachofthe19participantswiththescannerandaskedthemtoobserveandinteractwithoneofthethreeliverabbits.First,participantswatchedtherabbitfromacrosstheroom.Thentherabbitsatnexttothem.Finally,eachpersonwasallowedtopettherabbit.Thisprocessoccurredtwicemoreatlaterdates.Inothersessions,eachpersonrepeatedthesamesequencewithastuffedrabbitthatcontainedahotwaterbottletomakeithavetheexactlysamebodytemperatureofaliverabbit.Ineachofthesessions,brainactivityroseastheliverabbitorthestuffedonemovedcloser.However,thestudyfoundanevenstrongerincreaseinbrainactivitywhenthepersonpettedthefurofarealrabbitthanthestuffedanimal.“Positivenon-verbalsignalsandinteractionsprovidedbyalivinganimalcouldinpartexplainthisdifference,”saidDr.TiffanyBraley,anassociateprofessorattheUniversityofMichigan.28.Howdoestheauthordevelopthefirstparagraph?A.Bygivinganexample. B.Byusingpreviousdata.C.Bymakingacomparison. D.Byofferingachoicequestion.29.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Humansaremorewillingtointeractwithrealrabbits.B.Livehuman-animalinteractionsprovetohavehealingeffects.C.Onlyactivitiesconnectedtoarabbitcanhelpkeepbrainhealthy.D.Rabbitshavebeenusedfortreatingpsychologicalproblemsforyears.30.WhatcanwelearnaboutfNIRSfromthetext?A.Itisabrainscannerfittedonrabbits.B.Itcanchangeitssizeandshapeeasily.C.Itallowsthestudytobeconductedoutsidealab.D.Itensurestheaccuracyoftheresultsofthestudy.31.WhatcanweinferfromTiffanyBraley’swords?A.Lackofinteractionswiththestuffedanimaldoesharmtothebrain.B.Positivereactionsgivenbythelivinganimalscanmakethebrainlightup.C.It’simpossibletoexplainwhytherearedifferentresultsofthetwoexperiments.D.Childrenplayingwithapetaresuretobehappierthanthosewithstuffedanimals.【答案】28.D29.B30.C31.B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是根据发表在PlosOne杂志上的一项新研究，毛绒玩具虽然很可爱，但并不能让我们的额叶皮层超负荷运转，而额叶皮层是大脑中管理我们思考和感受的部分。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Ononesideoftheroomsitsalovelylife-sizestuffedanimal(毛绒玩具)you’veeverseen.Ontheothersiderestsarealrabbitthesamesize,shapeandeventhesamenameasthestuffedversion.Yougettositnexttobothofthemandpettheirfur.Guesswhichonewillmakeyourbrainlightup?(在房间的一边放着一个你从未见过的可爱的真人大小的填充动物。另一边是一只真正的兔子，它的大小、形状甚至名字都和填充版一样。你可以坐在它们旁边，抚摸它们的毛。猜猜哪个会让你的大脑兴奋起来？)”可知，作者通过提供一个选择题来展开第一段，故选D。【29题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段的“Itprovidesadditionalevidencethatlivehuman-animalinteractionsmayincreasecognitiveandemotionalactivityinthebrain.Ifpatientswithproblemsinmotivation,attention,andsocioemotionalfunctioningshowhigheremotionalinvolvementinactivitiesconnectedtoarabbit,thensuchactivitiescouldincreasethechanceoflearningandofachievinghealingaims(它提供了额外的证据，证明人类与动物的互动可能会增加大脑中的认知和情感活动。如果动机、注意力和社会情感功能有问题的患者在与兔子有关的活动中表现出更高的情感投入，那么这些活动可以增加学习和实现治疗目标的机会)”可知，第三段主要讲了活生生的人与动物的互动被证明具有治疗效果。故选B。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Researchersusedfunctionalnear-infraredspectroscopy(fNIRS)inthestudy,whichisaportablebrainscannerthatprovidesflexibilitysinceit’sfunctionalinnaturalsettingsandnotlimitedtoaclosedroominalab.(研究人员在研究中使用了功能性近红外光谱（fNIRS），这是一种便携式大脑扫描仪，它提供了灵活性，因为它可以在自然环境中发挥作用，而不仅仅局限于实验室的封闭房间。)”可知，从文中我们可以了解到关于近红外光谱允许在实验室之外进行研究。故选C。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“However,thestudyfoundanevenstrongerincreaseinbrainactivitywhenthepersonpettedthefurofarealrabbitthanthestuffedanimal.(然而，研究发现，当人们抚摸一只真正的兔子的皮毛时，大脑活动的增加幅度比抚摸毛绒玩具要大得多。)”和最后一段的“Positivenon-verbalsignalsandinteractionsprovidedbyalivinganimalcouldinpartexplainthisdifference(活体动物提供的积极的非语言信号和互动可以部分解释这种差异)”可知，活体动物的积极反应会让大脑兴奋起来。故选B。DOver70%oftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredinwater,butit’sundrinkable.ScientistsattheUniversityofIllinoisUrbana-Champaign(UIUC)havemodeledasystemthatcancollectwatervapor(水蒸汽)fromabovetheoceansurfaceandfreezeitintofreshdrinkingwateratalargescale.Watershortageisanissuethat’sprojectedtogetworse,asclimatechangemakesdryareasevendrier.Theoceans,hometoover96%ofwateronEarth,representahugepotentialreservoir(aplacetostorewater),butdesalination(海水淡化)isachallengingandcomplexprospecttoscaleuponaccountofthepoisonouswastewateritproduces.Butnaturealreadyhasaprettygooddesalinationsystem—thesunisheatingupthesurfaceoftheoceanandevaporatingwateroutofit,whichofcoursegoesontobecomerain.Inanewstudy,theUIUCteamcameupwithamethodtousethisresource.Theteamproposesthatstructurescouldbebuiltseveralkilometersoffshoretoobtainairrichinwatervaporfromabovetheoceansurface.Thataircanthenbepipedbacktolandandturnedintowater.Thisfreshwatercouldthenbeusedfordrinking,agriculture,orwhateverelsearegionneedsitfor.Thewholesystemcouldbepoweredbyoffshorewindfarmsandland-basedsolarpanels.Theresearchersevaluated14citiesaroundtheworld,analyzinghowmuchwatercouldbecollectedbasedontheoffshoreairinthoselocations.Basedontheirmodels,thescientistsestimatedthatthesestructurescouldcollectbetween37.6billionand78.3billionlitersofwaterperyear,dependingontheconditionsinaspecificlocation.Theteamsaysthatthesolutionisprettygood,sinceitworkslikethenaturalwatercycleexceptthatthevaporisguidedtowhereit’sneeded.Andwhilemanyproposeddrinkingwatersourcescouldbecomelessasclimatechangeprogresses,thisoneshouldactuallygetevenbetter.“Theclimateprojectionsshowthattheoceanicvaporwillonlyincreaseovertime,providingevenmorefreshwatersupply,”saidAfeefaRahman,theco-authorofthestudy.“So,thesystemweareproposingwillbeusefulunderclimatechange.Thisprovidesamuchneededapproachforadaptationtoclimatechange,particularlytopopulationslivingindryandsemi-dryregionsoftheworld.”32.Whydoscientistsdesignthisvapor-collectingsystem?A.Topreservewaterresources. B.Torelievethewatershortages.C.Toapproachclimatechange. D.Toreducethepollutionofwater.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutthevapor-collectingsystemfromthetext?A.It’smainlypoweredbybatteries.B.Thewatercollectedbyitisrichinmineral.C.Itmakesfulluseofthenaturalwatercycle.D.Structuresshouldbebuiltasclosetotheoceanaspossible.34.Whatcanbelearnedfromthefourthparagraph?A.Thesystemcouldbeappliedaroundtheworld.B.Moreandmorecitieswouldintroducethesystem.C.Theresearchershavebuiltmanystructuresin14citiestocollectwater.D.Theresearchersdidlotsofanalysesandresearchbeforeintroducingthesystem.35.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thesystemcan’tworkinrainyregions.B.Thesystemhasbeenwidelyacceptedbypeople.C.Thesystemcanonlybeusedunderclimatechange.D.Thesystemwillbeofgreathelpinwatershortageareas.【答案】32.B33.C34.D35.D【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家建立了一个系统模型，该系统可以从海洋表面上方收集水蒸气，并将其大规模冻结成新鲜的饮用水。文章介绍了该系统的工作方式以及未来的应用。【32题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Watershortageisanissuethat’sprojectedtogetworse,asclimatechangemakesdryareasevendrier.(随着气候变化使干旱地区更加干燥，缺水问题预计将变得更加严重)”推知，科学家设计这种蒸汽收集系统是为了缓解水资源短缺。故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Butnaturealreadyhasaprettygooddesalinationsystem—thesunisheatingupthesurfaceoftheoceanandevaporatingwateroutofit,whichofcoursegoesontobecomerain.Inanewstudy,theUIUCteamcameupwithamethodtousethisresource.Theteamproposesthatstructurescouldbebuiltseveralkilometersoffshoretoobtainairrichinwatervaporfromabovetheoceansurface.Thataircanthenbepipedbacktolandandturnedintowater.(但是大自然已经有了一个相当好的海水淡化系统——太阳正在加热海洋表面，蒸发其中的水，当然，这些水会变成雨。在一项新的研究中，UIUC团队提出了一种利用这种资源的方法。研究小组提出，可以在离岸几公里处建造一些结构，以从海面上获取富含水蒸气的空气。然后，这些空气可以通过管道输送回陆地，变成水)”可知，蒸汽收集系统充分利用自然水循环。故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段“Theresearchersevaluated14citiesaroundtheworld,analyzinghowmuchwatercouldbecollectedbasedontheoffshoreairinthoselocations.Basedontheirmodels,thescientistsestimatedthatthesestructurescouldcollectbetween37.6billionand78.3billionlitersofwaterperyear,dependingontheconditionsinaspecificlocation.(研究人员评估了世界上14个城市，分析了这些地方的近海空气可以收集多少水。根据他们的模型，科学家们估计这些结构每年可以收集376亿到783亿升水，具体取决于特定地点的条件)”可知，研究人员在引入该系统之前做了大量的分析和研究。故选D。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thisprovidesamuchneededapproachforadaptationtoclimatechange,particularlytopopulationslivingindryandsemi-dryregionsoftheworld.(这为适应气候变化，特别是生活在世界干旱和半干旱地区的人口，提供了一种急需的方法)”可推知，该系统将对缺水地区有很大帮助。故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。Thetruthisthatit’sextremelydifficulttofollowahealthydietwhenyou’reeatingregularlyatfastfoodrestaurants.Fastfoodistypicallyloadedwithcalories,sodium,andunhealthyfat—oftenenoughinonemealforanentireday.____36____Thatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoavoidfastfoodentirely.Whenyou’rehungryandontherun,fastfoodcanreallyhitthespot.____37____Butwhileit’sokaytoeatfastfoodeverynowandthen,tostayhealthyyoucan’tmakeitaregularhabit.Thekeyismoderation—bothinhowoftenyougotofastfoodchainsandwhatyouorderonceyou’rethere.Fastfoodmenusaretrickywhenyou’rewatchingyourweightoryourhealth.Findingahealthy,well-balancedmealinmostfastfoodrestaurantsisachallenge.____38____Thefollowingtipsandmenurecommendationscanhelpyoustayontrack.Aimtokeepyourentiremealto500caloriesorless.Theaverageadulteats836caloriesperfastfoodmealandunderestimatestheamountofwhattheyeat.Sodon’tguess!____39____Takeadvantageofthisinformation.Choosefoodsthatarelowerinfatandhigherinproteinandfiber.Lookforitemswithmoregoodstuff,likefiber,wholegrains,andhigh-qualityprotein.Alsoaimforitemsthatarerelativelylowinsaturatedfats.____40____Evenwhenyouorderwisely,itcanbeprettytoughtogetenoughfiberandotherimportantvitaminsandnutrientsfromafastfoodmenu.Ifyouplanahead,youcanbringhealthyfoodlikedriedfruit,nutsandseeds,appleorpearslices,andcheeseoryogurt.A.It’scheap,tasty,andbestofall,convenient.B.Asisknowntoall,fastfoodisreallypopular.C.Bringyourownadd-onitemsifyoureallywantahealthydiet.D.Buttherearealwayschoicesyoucanmakethatarehealthierthanothers.E.Mostfastfoodchainspostnutritionalinformationbothonwebsitesandattherestaurants.F.Italsotendstobelowinnutrientsandalmosttotallylackinginfruit,vegetables,andfiber.G.Makinghealthierfastfoodchoicesiseasyifyouplanaheadbycheckingthenutritionalguides.【答案】36.F37.A38.D39.E40.C【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章就吃快餐时怎么注意营养均衡而给了一些建议。【36题详解】由上文“Fastfoodistypicallyloadedwithcalories,sodium,andunhealthyfat—oftenenoughinonemealforanentireday.(快餐通常富含热量、钠和不健康的脂肪——通常一顿饭就足够吃一整天。)”可知，这里主要讲快餐食物的缺点，而F项Italsotendstobelowinnutrientsandalmosttotallylackinginfruit,vegetables,andfiber.(它也往往缺乏营养，几乎完全缺乏水果、蔬菜和纤维。)符合语境，其中it与上文Fastfood对应，also也说明这句和上句是并列关系，例举快餐的缺点。故选F项。【37题详解】由上文“Thatdoesn’tmeanyouhavetoavoidfastfoodentirely.Whenyou’rehungryandontherun,fastfoodcanreallyhitthespot.(这并不意味着你必须完全避免吃快餐。当你饿了且赶时间的时候，快餐真的能切中要害。)”可知，作者建议我们有时还是可以吃快餐的，而A项It’scheap,tasty,andbestofall,convenient.(它便宜，美味，最重要的是，方便。)符合语境，其中convenient和上文Whenyou’rehungryandontherun情况对应，且It也和上文fastfood对应。故选A项。【38题详解】由上文“Findingahealthy,well-balancedmealinmostfastfoodrestaurantsisachallenge.(在大多数快餐店找到一顿健康、均衡的饭菜是一项挑战。)”以及下文“Thefollowingtipsandmenurecommendationscanhelpyoustayontrack.(以下提示和菜单建议可以帮助您保持正轨。)”可知，这里在介绍怎么在快餐店找到健康的食谱。而D项Buttherearealwayschoicesyoucanmakethatarehealthierthanothers.(但总有一些选择是你可以做出的，比其他选择更健康。)符合语境，有启下作用，其中choices与下文Thefollowingtips对应。故选D项。【39题详解】由下文“Takeadvantageofthisinformation.(利用这些信息。)”可知，空处应该在介绍一些信息，而E项Mostfastfoodchainspostnutritionalinformationbothonwebsitesandattherestaurants.(大多数快餐连锁店都在网站和餐馆发布营养信息。)符合语境，其中nutritionalinformation和thisinformation对应。故选E项。【40题详解】由下文“Evenwhenyouorderwisely,itcanbeprettytoughtogetenoughfiberandotherimportantvitaminsandnutrientsfromafastfoodmenu.Ifyouplanahead,youcanbringhealthyfoodlikedriedfruit,nutsandseeds,appleorpearslices,andcheeseoryogurt.(即使你点得很明智，也很难从快餐菜单中获得足够的纤维和其他重要的维生素和营养素。如果你提前计划，你可以带上健康的食物，比如干果、坚果和种子、苹果片或梨片、奶酪或酸奶。)”可知，作者这里建议顾客吃快餐时自己带一些健康食品。而C项Bringyourownadd-onitemsifyoureallywantahealthydiet.(如果你真的想要健康的饮食，带上你自己的附加物品。)符合语境，对下文有总结作用，其中yourownadd-onitems和后文healthyfoodlikedriedfruit,nutsandseeds,appleorpearslices,andcheeseoryogurt对应。故选C项。第三部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分30分)第一节完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ASanFranciscoresidentwasoutforajogonthebeachwhenheheardastrangesound.“Iheardaweakbark,buttherewasnoonein___41___,”themanrecalled.Themancouldhavesimply___42___withhisjog.But___43___,hedecidedtohavealook.Ashelookedaroundtherockycliffs(悬崖)bytheocean,thismanmadeashockingdiscovery!Themanfoundadog___44___inacave.Twosad,pitifuleyesstaredbackathimandthejoggerknewheneededtohelpit.Themancalledthelocalanimalshelter,tellingthemwhathe’ddiscovered.Theshelter___45___CarlosOrtega,whoracedtothebeachandimmediatelybegansearchingforthetrappeddog.Themanwho’dcalledinthesituationdidn’tstickaround.BythetimeCarlosarrived,themanhad___46___.Butthankfully,he’dusedGPStosendthedog’s___47___,alongwithaphotoofwherethedogwastrappedinthecave.Evenwiththisinformation,Carloscouldn’tfindthepup___48___.“Istartedlookingatalltherocksonthecliffside,tryingto___49___thepatternoftherocksinthepicturewithwhatIwaslookingatinfrontofme,”hesaid.“Buttheentirearealookedsimilartowhatthepicturelookedlike.”Carlosconfusedl