2021年湖南中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空

2021年湖南中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空

一.词汇应用(共3小题)

1.(2021•衡B日)Bicycleridingisgoodexercise.lthelpspeoplebecome(1)f.Bicycle

ridingcanmaketheriders*heartsandlungsstrong.ltisalsogoodfortheenvironmentbecause

bicyclesdonotcause(2)(污染).

Bicyclessharetheroadwithcarsandtrucks.Driversdonotalwaysnoticebicycles.So

bicycleridersmust(3)pattentiontothetrafficaroundthemandknowtraffic

signals.Theymustknowandobeythesafety(4)r.Theymustwearhelmetsto

protecttheirheads.Iftheyrideatnight,theyshouldhavelightsonthebicycleorwearlight-

coloredclothes.Incaseofanaccident,bicycleridersshouldknowhowtogivefirstaid.Ifan

injuryisserious,theymustcall120forhelp.Inaword,thebestwaytobesafeistobe(5)

(小心的).

2.(2021•郴州)从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺.

program,encourage,sometimes,what,for,easy,he,join,friend,because

MybestfriendAllyandIspendafewhoursofourtimeeveryweekasvolunteersforBuddy

Ball.Itisa(1)thathelpsdisabledkidsdosportsandmakenewfriends.

So(2)doesabuddy(伙伴)do?Atthemoment,Iamabuddyfor

aneleven-year-oldboycalledTom.Heisinawheelchairandisagoodbasketballplayer,

butjustlikeanykid,itmakes(3)upsetwhenhemissesashotormakesabad

pass.Hestartstocryanddoesn'twanttoplay.(4)heevenwantstogiveup.So,

ashisbuddy,I(5)him.Nowwe'reworkingonourbasketballskillstogether.lt

isgreattoseehowhehasimprovedandhedoesn'tgetupsetso(6).

Allyisabuddy(7)Clara,akidwithveryfewlanguageskills.Sheisalso

abitwild!Shelikesrunningaway.AllyhaslearnedhowtoworkwithClaraandtogetherto

jointhegames.Nowshelovesbaseballandhasmore(8).Nextweekshe's

playinginateam.HerparentsaretrulyhappyaboutBuddyBallandtheysaythatClarahas

becomemoreconfidentandsociablesinceshe(9)BuddyBall.

BuddyBallisagreatchanceforeveryone!Differencesdisappearandwerealizethatwe're

alljustkidslovingsports.IlovevolunteeringforBuddyBall(10)IknowI'm

doingsomethingmeaningful!

3.(2021•召B阳)StudentsinChinaarerequiredtolearnfirstaidatschoolaspartofhealth

education.ltaimstoimprovetheir(1)(自自力)todealwithafirstaid

emergency(紧急情况).

Accordingtoasurvey,thereisonesuddendeatheachminutesbecausetheperson'sheart

(2)(stop)beating.Asuddenlossofheartworkingwillleadtobrain

damage(损害)withinfourtosixminutesandthendeathafteranotherfiveminutes.So,itis

very(3)forthepatientstoreceivecarwithinfourtosixminutes.However,

onlyabout4.5%ofsuchpatientshaveachanceofreceivingit(4)

time.That^becausebesidesmedicalworkers,mostpeopledonothaveknowledgeoffirst

aid.Infact,about60%ofthese(5)(accident)happenoutofhospital,

soit*snecessaryformorepeopletolearntheskilloffirstaidincludingcar.Thatcanmakea

hugedifferenceinsavinglives.

二,综合填空(共5小题)

4.(2021•娄底)阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的

正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。

WaltDisneywasbornin1901.TheMickeyMousehecreatedin1928made(1)

(he)veryfamous.Hediedin1966,butallhisworkand(2)(dream)didnot

die.NowpeopleallovertheworldenjoyMickeyMouseandothercartoons.

WaltDisneywasaman(3)didnotgiveupeasily.Onesummer,Waltwanteda

jobinapostoffice,buttheytoldhimthathewastooyoung(4)(get)it.Hewent

home,drewsomelinesonhisface,andworehisfather'ssuitandhat.Thenhewentbacktothe

sameofficeandtoldthemhewaseighteen.(5)(lucky),hegotthejobatlast.

Laterinhislife,Mr.Disneydreamedofbuildinganewkindofamusementpark.Inhis

dreamitwascleanand(6)(beauty),itwasfunforpeopleofallages,and

there(7)(be)ridesforchildrenandnicehotelsforadults.Mr.Disneymadeaplan

forthispark.ltwascalledDisneyland.Engineerstoldhimitwasimpossible(8)him

toachievehisdream.Hisfamilyandfriends(9)(think)hewasmadatthattime,

butMr.Disneydidnotgiveuphisidea.Finally,Disneylandopenedtothepublicandbecame

(10)mostsuccessfulamusementparkintheUSA.WaltDisney'sdreamcametrue.

5.(2021•衡阳)ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematicians(数学家)inancient

China.HewasbomduringtheNorthernandSouthern(1)(dynasty).From

ayoungage,Zuwastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy(天文学)，mathandsoon.Thelittle

boywas(2)(interest)inallofthesesubjects,especiallyin

(3).

Zuwasbestknownforhiscalculation(计算)ofpi(IT).Accordingtotherecord,he

didalltheworkusingnothingbutwoodensticks.(4)tookhimlotsoftime

toworkoutthevalue—(5)3.1415926and3.1415927.Nooneatthattime

wasabletodobetterthanZu.Andnowtheachievementisstillpraisedbypeoplearoundthe

world.InordertorememberZu,somemathematicianssuggest(6)(call)

pi"ZuLvn.

Zuwassuccessfulnotonlyinmath,butalsoinastronomy.Heworkedoutthatayear

shouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDarningCalendar.(7),

governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematician(8)

sawhiscalendarputintouse.Almosttenyearsafterhis(9)(die),thenew

calendarwasfinallyaccepted.

Zuwasaninventor,too.Heoncemadeavehicle(车辆)(10)carried

apointer(指针).Nomatterhowthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtothesouth.

6.(2021•岳阳)Noonecanlivewithoutsleep.Expertsbelievethatsleepis(1)food

andwater.Goodhealthneedsgoodsleep.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhosleepforless

than6hoursandahalfatnightaremoreoftenillthanpeople(2)sleepfor8

hours.

How(3)hoursdoyousleepeverynight?Moststudentshavelessthan8

hoursofsleepeverynight.Someteacherscomplainthatafewstudentsfeelsleepyorevenfall

asleepinclass.Thesestudentscan(4)concentrate(集中注意力)ontheirstudy.

Whyaresomanystudentsshort(缺少)ofsleep?Recently,areporterdidasurveyin

No.21MiddleSchooLTheresultshowsthattherearetwomain(5)aboutthis

problem.Oneisthatstudentshavetoomuchhomeworkatnight.Somestudentshaveto(6)

uplatetofinishtheirhomeworktill11：00p.m.The(7)reasonisabouttheuseof

Internet.Somestudentsarecrazyaboutplayinggamesonthephones.

Manyparentsworryaboutthisproblem.TheMinistryofEducation(教育部)haspaid

moreattention(8)thisproblemandrequiredthatstudentsinprimaryschools

should(9)atleast10hoursaday,9hoursforjuniorhighand8hoursforsenior

high.Schoolsareexpectedtogivelesshomeworktostudents(10)thattheycan

havemoretimetosleep

7.(2021•怀化)LiWenliveswithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.Heis(1)14-year

-oldboy.He(2)(work)hardanddoeswellinschool.ltishardtobelievethatheused

tohavemany(3)(problem)inschool.Whenhewasalittleboy,hehardlycausedany

trouble.Butafterhisparentswenttoworkinthecity,theycouldnotlookafterhim(4)

(careful).SoLiWendislikedstudy(5)missedclasses.Thenhisparentsdecided(6)

(send)himtoanewschool.However,hewasashyboyandcouldn'tmakefriends

quickly.Oneday,hewantedtoleavetheschool.Hisparentswereveryworried(7)him

andcamebacktotalkwithhim.Afteralongtalk,LiWenrealizedthathisparentsloved(8)

(he)deeply.He(9)(move)byhisparents.Now,heismuch(10)(happy)

thanbefore.It'sveryimportantforparentstobetherefortheirchildren.

8.(2021•长沙)Henryis(1)Americanbusinessman.Oneday,whenhewassailing

(航行)onaboatnearSanFrancisco,hewascarriedoutintotheseabyastrongwind.(2)

(luck),hewasdiscoveredandpickedupbyaLondon-bound(开往伦敦的)ship.Sohe(3)

(land)inLondonbyaccident.Aloneand(4)(hunger),hewalkedonthestreets

ofthecity.Unexpectedly,he(5)(call)intoabighouse.Theretworich(6)

(brother),OliverandRoderick,gavehimaletterandtold(7)(he)nottoopen

ituntiltwoo'clockoftheday.Henrydidn'tknowitwasamillion-pound(百万英镑)bank

note.Heleftthebighouseandwentintoacheaprestauranttogetsomethingtoeat.Everyone

wasimpoliteandimpatienttohim.

Why?(8)hewasinrags(衣衫褴褛)andlookeddirty.Then,(9)

everyone'ssurprise,hehandedtheowneramillion-poundbanknotetopayforthemeal.On

seeingthenote,allthepeopleintherestaurantbecamefriendlyandtriedtheirbest(10)

(please)Henry.Don'tyouthinkit'sthemostunbelievablestoryintheworld?

2021年湖南中考英语真题分类汇编之短文填空

参考答案与试题解析

一.词汇应用(共3小题)

1.(2021•衡阳)Bicycleridingisgoodexercise.lthelpspeoplebecome(1)fit.Bicycle

ridingcanmaketheriders'heartsandlungsstrong.ltisalsogoodfortheenvironmentbecause

bicyclesdonotcause(2)Dollution(污染).

Bicyclessharetheroadwithcarsandtrucks.Driversdonotalwaysnoticebicycles.So

bicycleridersmust(3)payattentiontothetrafficaroundthemandknowtraffic

signals.Theymustknowandobeythesafety(4)rules.Theymustwearhelmetsto

protecttheirheads.Iftheyrideatnight,theyshouldhavelightsonthebicycleorwearlight-

coloredclothes.Incaseofanaccident,bicycleridersshouldknowhowtogivefirstaid.Ifan

injuryisserious,theymustcall120forhelp.Inaword,thebestwaytobesafeistobe(5)

careful(小心的).

【考点】首字母阅读填空.

【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了骑自行车的益处和注意事项。

【解答】(1)像.考查形容词。根据文中Bicycleridingisgoodexercise.可知骑自行车是很

好的锻炼，它可以帮助人们变得健康，其中首字母是f,fit表示健康的，形容词，故答案

是fit。

(2)pollution.考查名词。根据文中Itisalsogoodfortheenvironment可知骑自行车有利

于环境，因为自行车不会引起污染，由中文提示可知该单词是pollution,表示污染，不

可数名词，故答案是pollution。

(3)pay.考查动词。根据文中Bicyclessharetheroadw汕carsandtrucks.Driversdonot

alwaysnoticebicycles.可知自行车和汽车及卡车共享道路，司机不总是能注意到自信车，

所以骑自行车的人必须要注意他们周围的交通，其中payattentionto表示注意。其次must

表示必须，情态动词，后跟动词原形，故答案是pay。

(4)rules.考查名词。根据文中Sobicycleridersmust,,,attentiontothetrafficaroundthem

andknowtrafficsignals…Theymustwearhelmetstoprotecttheirheads.可矢口骑自行车的人

必须注意知周围的交通，必须知道交通灯和戴头盔，由这些具体的细节可知骑自行车的

人必须知道和遵守交通规则，其中首字母是r,rule表示规则，可数名词单复数，此处应

用其复数形式，故答案是rules。

(5)careful.考查形容词。根据文中Incaseofanaccident,bicycleridersshouldknowhowto

givefirstaid.Ifaninjuryisserious,theymustcall120forhelp.可知骑自行车会遇到各种危

险，如果发生事故，骑自行车的人应该知道如何进行急救，如果伤势严重，他们必须拨

打120寻求帮助，但保持安全的最好方法是要小心，由中文提示可知该单词是careful,

表示小心的，形容词，故答案是careful。

【点评】本题考查首字母填空，考查学生对语言的综合运用能力，要求学生有扎实的词

汇及语法基础，认真阅读文章，理解大意，联系上下文，根据所给首字母、中文提示、

固定搭配等进行单词填写，注意单词的适当形式，难度适中。

2.(2021•郴州)从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺.

program,encourage,sometimes，what,for,easy,he,join,friend,because

MybestfriendAllyandIspendafewhoursofourtimeeveryweekasvolunteersforBuddy

Ball.Itisa(1)programthathelpsdisabledkidsdosportsandmakenewfriends.

So(2)whatdoesabuddy(伙伴)do?Atthemoment,Iamabuddyforaneleven

-year-oldboycalledTom.Heisinawheelchairandisagoodbasketballplayer,butjustlike

anykid,itmakes(3)himupsetwhenhemissesashotormakesabadpass.Hestartstocry

anddoesn'twanttoplay.(4)Sometimesheevenwantstogiveup.So,ashisbuddy,1(5)

encouragehim.Nowwe'reworkingonourbasketballskillstogether.ltisgreattoseehowhe

hasimprovedandhedoesn'tgetupsetso(6)easily.

Allyisabuddy(7)forClara,akidwithveryfewlanguageskills.Sheisalsoabit

wild!Shelikesrunningaway.AllyhaslearnedhowtoworkwithClaraandtogethertojointhe

games.Nowshelovesbaseballandhasmore(8)friends.Nextweekshe'splayingina

team.HerparentsaretrulyhappyaboutBuddyBallandtheysaythatClarahasbecomemore

confidentandsociablesinceshe(9)joinedBuddyBall.

BuddyBallisagreatchanceforeveryone!Differencesdisappearandwerealizethatwe're

alljustkidslovingsports.IlovevolunteeringforBuddyBall(10)becauseIknowI'm

doingsomethingmeaningful!

【考点】选词填空.

【分析】本文主要讲了作者和好朋友安丽在一个名为BuddyBall的地方当志愿者帮助残

疾儿童做运动和交朋友的故事。

【解答】(1)program.考查名词。结合句意，它是一个帮助残疾儿童做运动和交朋友的

，结合选词，判断空格处词义为项目，故答案为program.

(2)what.考查疑问代词。根据Nowwe'reworkingonourbasketballskillstogether.可知他

们共同致力于篮球技术，据此判断问句是询问一个伙伴是做什么的呢，故答案为what。

(3)him.考查人称代词宾格。结合句意，他坐着轮椅并且是一个好的篮球运动员，但是

就像任何孩子一样，当他没投中或者丢球的时候会使得—不安，结合选词，判断空格

处词义为“他"，动词后人称代词用宾格，故答案为him。

(4)Sometimes.考查频度副词。结合句意，—他甚至想放弃，结合选词，判断空格处

词义为"有时"，故答案为Sometimes.

(5)encourage.考查动词原形。结合上文，heevenwantstogiveup.可知他甚至想放弃，

因此判断作为他的伙伴，作者鼓励他，I后谓语动词用原形，故答案为encourage.

(6)easily.考查副词•getupset为形容词短语，用副词修饰，结合句意，看到他的进步

以及不再—不安真是太好了，结合选词，判断空额刚出词义为"轻易地"，故答案为easily.

(7)for.考查介词。结合句意，安丽是—克拉拉的伙伴，结合选词，判断空格处词义

为"给"，用介词for表示，故答案为for。

(8)friends.考查可数名词复数。结合句意，现在她喜欢棒球并且有更多的,结合

选词，判断空格处词义为"朋友"，more后跟可数名词复数，故答案为friends.

(9)joined.考查动词过去式。since后从句用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，结合句意，

她父母对BuddyBall非常满意并且他们说自从她—BuddyBall以来变得更加自信和擅

于交际了，结合选词，判断空格处词义为"加入"，故答案为joined。

(10)because.考查连词。结合句意，我热爱在BuddyBall当志愿者我知道我在做

有意义的事情，结合选词，判断空格处词义为"因为"，故答案为because。

【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及选词判断空

格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正确。

3.(2021•召B阳)StudentsinChinaarerequiredtolearnfirstaidatschoolaspartofhealth

education.ltaimstoimprovetheir(1)abilities(能力)todealwithafirstaidemergency

(紧急情况).

Accordingtoasurvey,thereisonesuddendeatheachminutesbecausetheperson'sheart

(2)stops(stop)beating.Asuddenlossofheartworkingwillleadtobraindamage(损

害)withinfourtosixminutesandthendeathafteranotherfiveminutes.So,itisvery(3)

importantforthepatientstoreceivecarwithinfourtosixminutes.However,onlyabout4.5%

ofsuchpatientshaveachanceofreceivingit(4)inlime.That'sbecausebesidesmedical

workers,mostpeopledonothaveknowledgeoffirstaid.Infact,about60%ofthese(5)

accidents(accident)happenoutofhospital,soit'snecessaryformorepeopletolearnthe

skilloffirstaidincludingcar.Thatcanmakeahugedifferenceinsavinglives.

【考点】语法填空.

【分析】文章主要讲述了如何进行第一急救。

【解答】(1)abilities.考查名词。根据句意，它的目的是提高他们处理急救紧急情况的能

力。由提示词可知，是名词ability,参考空前的修饰词their,可知是他们(中国学生们)

的能力，所以要用复数形式abilities。故答案为：abilities«

(2)stops.考查动词。根据句意，根据一项调查，每分钟就有一人因心脏停止跳动而猝

死。这里叙述的是常态的事情，所以要用一般现在时，主语为theperson'sheart,这个人

的心脏，是第三人称单数，所以提示动词要改为stops。故答案为：stops。

(3)important.考查形容词。根据句意，所以，病人在4到6分钟内得到车是非常重要的。

参考句型：itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth.,对某人来说做某事是，再参考上文"Asudden

lossofheartworkingwillleadtobraindamagewithinfourlosixminutesandthendeathafter

anotherfiveminutes."可知，心脏功能的突然丧失会在4到6分钟内导致大脑损伤，然后

在5分钟后死亡。所以空处应填入形容词important,意为重要的，符合语境。故答案为:

importanta

(4)in.考查介词。根据句意，然而，只有大约4.5%的患者有机会得到及时治疗。参考

固定搭配：intime,及时。故答案为：in。

(5)accidents.考查名词。根据句意，事实上，大约60%的这些事故发生在医院外，所以

有必要让更多的人学习急救技能。由空前60%ofthese可知，是复数概念，所以提示名

词要用复数形式accidents,表示大约60%的这些事故。故答案为：accidents。

【点评】题目要求用所给词的适当形式填空，考查学生对语法知识的掌握及对词性转换

能力。做题时，要根据题干中的相关提示来确定空缺处单词的词性及单词的形式，然后

对所给单词进行适当的变形，从而得出正确答案。

二.综合填空(共5小题)

4.(2021•娄底)阅读下面的材料，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号内所给单词的

正确形式(每空最多不超过三个单词)。

WaltDisneywasbornin1901.TheMickeyMousehecreatedin1928made(1)him

(he)veryfamous.Hediedin1966,butallhisworkand(2)dreams(dream)didnot

die.NowpeopleallovertheworldenjoyMickeyMouseandothercartoons.

WaltDisneywasaman(3)whodidnotgiveupeasily.Onesummer,Waltwanteda

jobinapostoffice,buttheytoldhimthathewastooyoung(4)toget(get)it.He

wenthome,drewsomelinesonhisface,andworehisfather'ssuitandhat.Thenhewentback

tothesameofficeandtoldthemhewaseighteen.(5)Luckily(lucky),hegotthejob

atlast.

Laterinhislife,Mr.Disneydreamedofbuildinganewkindofamusementpark.Inhis

dreamitwascleanand(6)beautiful(beauty),itwasfunforpeopleofallages,

andthere(7)were(be)ridesforchildrenandnicehotelsforadults.Mr.Disneymadea

planforthispark.ItwascalledDisneyland.Engineerstoldhimitwasimpossible(8)for

himtoachievehisdream.Hisfamilyandfriends(9)thought(think)hewasmadat

thattime,butMr.Disneydidnotgiveuphisidea.Finally,Disneylandopenedtothepublicand

became(10)themostsuccessfulamusementparkintheUSA.WaltDisney'sdreamcame

true.

【考点】语法填空.

【分析】本文主要讲了沃特迪士尼建造迪士尼乐园的故事。

【解答】(1)him.考查人称代词宾格。made为动词，其后人称代词用宾格作宾语。句意：

1928年他创作的米老鼠让他非常出名。故答案为himo

(2)dreams.考查可数名词复数。dream为可数名词，all后可数名词用复数。句意：他死

于1966年，但是他所有的工作和梦想并没有死去。故答案为dreams。

(3)who.考查关系代词。句子为定语从句，先行词aman为名词，从句中缺少主语，据

此判断空格处用who。句意：沃特迪士尼是一个不轻易放弃的人。故答案为who。

(4)ioget.考查动词不定式。too.ndo意为"太……以至于不能……二句意：沃特想要

一份在邮局的工作，但是他们告诉他他太小了不能得到它。故答案为t。get。

(5)Luckily.考查副词。lucky为形容词，在开头要变为副词作状语，句意:幸运的是，

最终他获得了这份工作。故答案为Luckily。

(6)beautiful.考查形容词。was为系动词，后跟形容词，beauty为名词，要变为形容词

形式。句意：在他的梦里，它干净又漂亮。故答案为beauliful。

(7)were.考查be动词。一般过去时中谓语动词用过去式，rides为可数名词复数，be动

词用were。句意：在他的梦里，这里干净美丽，老少皆宜，有儿童游乐设施和成人下榻

的豪华酒店。故答案为were。

(8)for.考查介词。嗔15..石可.+门71)10<105由.”句型意为”对某人来说做某事是……的”，

句意：工程师说对他来说实现梦想是不可能的。故答案为for。

(9)thought.考查动词过去式。一般过去时中谓语动词用过去式。句意：当时他的家人

和朋友觉得他疯了。故答案为thought。

(10)ihe.考查定冠词。mostsuccessful为形容词的最高级，前常加定冠词Ihe。句意：最

后，迪斯尼乐园向公众开放，成为美国最成功的游乐园。故答案为the。

【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，紧密结合上下文判断句意，根据句意及所给词语判

断空格处词义，根据相关知识点写出词语的正确形式，完成后再次阅读查看语意是否正

确。

5.(2021•衡阳)ZuChongzhiwasoneofthegreatestmathematicians(数学家)inancient

China.HewasbornduringtheNorthernandSouthern(1)dynasties(dynasty).Froma

youngage,Zuwastaughtnaturalscience,astronomy(天文学)，mathandsoon.Thelittleboy

was(2)interested(interest)inallofthesesubjects,especiallyin(3)math.

Zuwasbestknownforhiscalculation(计算)ofpi(n).Accordingtotherecord,he

didalltheworkusingnothingbutwoodensticks.(4)Ittookhimlotsoftimetoworkout

thevalue—(5)between3.1415926and3.1415927.Nooneatthattimewasabletodo

betterthanZu.Andnowtheachievementisstillpraisedbypeoplearoundtheworld.Inorderto

rememberZu,somemathematicianssuggest(6)calling(call)pi"ZuLvM.

Zuwassuccessfulnotonlyinmath,butalsoinastronomy.Heworkedoutthatayear

shouldbe365.24281481dayslongandcreatedtheDarningCalendar.(7)However,

governmentofficialsatthattimedidnotagreewithZu.Thegreatmathematician(8)never

sawhiscalendarputintouse.Almosttenyearsafterhis(9)death(die),thenewcalendar

wasfinallyaccepted.

Zuwasaninventor,too.Heoncemadeavehicle（车辆）（10）that/whichcarried

apointer（指针）.Nomatterhowthevehicleturned,thepointeralwayspointedtothesouth.

【考点】语法填空.

(分析】文章介绍了中国最伟大的数学家之-----祖冲之和他的成就。

【解答】(1)dynasties.考查名词。句意：他出生在南北朝时期。根据语境，这里指"南北

朝时期”，是两个朝代，因此应用名词的复数形式。故填dynasties。

(2)interested.考查形容词。句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都感兴趣，尤其是数学。

根据语境，题干考查固定搭配”对……感兴趣"短语，主语是人，应用beinterestedin短语。

故填interested-

(3)math.考查名词•句意：这个小男孩对所有这些科目都感兴趣，尤其是数学。根据上

下文语境，祖冲之是一位数学家，因此这里指他尤其对数学感兴趣。故填math。

(4)It.考查代词。句意：他花了很多时间算出这个值——在3.1415926和3.1415927之

间。根据语境，题干考查固定句型"Ittakes/tooksbsometimetodosth",表"花费某人多少

时间去做某事"，此句型中，应用it作主语，且首字母应大写。故填It。

(5)between.考查介词。句意：他花了很多时间算出这个值——在3.1415926和3.1415927

之间。根据语境，这里指计算出两个数之间的值，即"between…and..."短语。故填between。

(6)calling.考查动词。句意：为了记住祖冲之，一些数学家建议称TT为“祖律”。根据语

境，题干考查固定搭配"suggestdoing"短语，表"建议做某事”，因此设空处应用V-ing

形式。故填callings

(7)However.考查副词。句意：然而，当时的政府官员不同意祖冲之的观点。根据语境,

题干上下句之间表转折，且设空后有逗号，因此应用副词however表前后转折。注意句

首单词首字母应大写。故填However。

(8)never.考查副词。句意：这位伟大的数学家从未见过他的日历被使用.根据上文语

境，"政府官员不同意祖冲之的观点"，以及下文语境”在他去世十年后……",因此可知题

干表示否定意义，即"从未见过"；且题干谓语是saw过去式，因此设空处应用表否定意

义的副词。故填never。

(9)death.考查名词。句意：在他去世近十年后，新的日历终于被接受了。分析句式，

设空处应填名词；根据语境，这里表”在他去世十年后"。故填death。

(10)that/which.考查代词。句意：他曾经做过一种带指针的交通工具。分析句式，题干

设空后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词vehicle(交通工具)，因此应用关系代词that或which

引导，且在从句中作主语。故填that/which。

【点评】解答语法填空题目时，需根据所掌握的语法和词汇知识，结合上下文，分析判

断所缺词汇的形式，一般需要变换所给词汇的形式。没有括号内提示词时，需要根据上

下文及固定搭配等，多填写冠词、介词、连词、关系词等。

6.(2021•岳阳)Noonecanlivewithoutsleep.Expertsbelievethatsleepis(1)likefoodand

water.Goodhealthneedsgoodsleep.Scientistshavefoundthatpeoplewhosleepforlessthan6

hoursandahalfatnightaremoreoftenillthanpeople(2)whosleepfor8hours.

How(3)manyhoursdoyousleepeverynight?Moststudentshavelessthan8

hoursofsleepeverynight.Someteacherscomplainthatafewstudentsfeelsleepyorevenfall

asleepinclass.Thesestudentscan(4)notconcentrate(集中注意力)ontheirstudy.

Whyaresomanystudentsshort(缺少)ofsleep?Recently,areporterdidasurveyin

No.21MiddleSchool.Theresultshowsthattherearetwomain(5)reasonsaboutthis

problem.Oneisthatstudentshavetoomuchhomeworkatnight.Somestudentshaveto(6)

stayuplatetofinishtheirhomeworktill11：00p.m.The(7)otherreasonisaboutthe

useofIntemet.Somestudentsarecrazyaboutplayinggamesonthephones.

Manyparentsworryaboutthisproblem.TheMinistryofEducation(教育部)haspaid

moreattention(8)tothisproblemandrequiredthatstudentsinprimaryschoolsshould

(9)sleepatleast10hoursaday,9hoursforjuniorhighand8hoursforsenior

high.Schoolsareexpectedtogivelesshomeworktostudents(10)sothattheycanhave

moretimetosleep

【考点】短文填空.

【分析】本文主要讲述睡眠对于青少年的重要性

【解答】(1)like.考查介词。根据句意"没有睡眠人就无法生存。专家认为睡眠就像食物

和水。"应填介词"like",表示列举。故填like。

(2)who.考查定语从句的关系代词.根据句意"科学家们发现，夜间睡眠时间少于6个半

小时的人比睡眠8小时的人更容易生病。”空前是先行词"people”，空后sleep缺少主语，

用代指人的关系代词"who"。故填who。

(3)many.考查不定代词。根据句意”你每天晚上睡多少小时？"hours”是可数名词，需

用howmany来修饰。故填many。

(4)not/hardly.考查表示否定的副词。根据句意"一些老师抱怨说，有些学生上课时感到

困倦甚至睡着了，这些学生注意力不能集中在他们的学习上。"这里要找表示否定的副词，

not或者hardly。故填not/hardly«

(5)reasons.考查可数名词和变复数形式。根据句意”结果表明，造成这一问题主要有两

个原因。"还可以根据后文第7个空的reason可知，此处填原因，空前有two,要变成

复数。故填reasons。

(6)stay.考查动词短语。根据句意"一是学生晚上的作业太多，有些学生为了完成作业，

不得不熬夜到晚上11点。"可知熬夜是stayup,haveto后加动词原形。故填stay。

(7)other.考查不定代词。根据上文"Oneisthatstudentshavetoomuchhomeworkatnight."

表示"一个原因是学生晚上作业太多”和后文中另外一个原因，考察短语"one...theother”表

"一个…另一个"。故填other。

(8)to.考查固定搭配。根据句意”教育部对这个问题给予了更多的关注”。短语“pay

attentionto"表示"注意故填to。

(9)sleep.考查动词。根据句意"教育部要求小学生每天至少睡10个小时"，用sleep,should

后加动词原形。故填sleep。

(10)so.考查目的状语。根据句意”学校应该减少给学生的家庭作业，以便他们有更多的

时间睡觉。”应填"s。that"表示"为了"，引导目的状语。故填so。

【点评】首先要通读短文，掌握大意，特别要注意上下文之间的联系，确定某处的需要

的词汇和形式，就可以确定正确答案。

7.(2021•怀化)LiWenliveswithhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.Heis(1)a14-year

-oldboy.He(2)works(work)hardanddoeswellinschool.ltishardtobelievethathe

usedtohavemany(3)problems(problem)inschool.Whenhewasalittleboy,hehardly

causedanytrouble.Butafterhisparentswenttoworkinthecity,theycouldnotlookafterhim

(4)carefully(careful).SoLiWendislikedstudy(5)andmissedclasses.Then

hisparentsdecided(6)tosend(send)himtoanewschool.However,hewasashy

boyandcouldn'tmakefriendsquickly.Oneday,hewantedtoleavetheschool.Hisparentswere

veryworried(7)abouthimandcamebacktotalkwithhim.Afteralongtalk.LiWen

realizedthathisparentsloved(8)him(he)deeply.He(9)wasmoved(move)

byhisparents.Now,heismuch(10)happier(happy)thanbefore.It'sveryimportantfor

parentstobetherefortheirchildren.

【考点】语法填空.

【分析】本文说的是留守儿童李文的变化。李文是农村孩子，原来跟父母一起生活，学

习刻苦，成绩很好。后来父母去城市打工，李文成为留守儿童，于是他的学习也变差了。

在老师的建议下，父母从遥远的打工处来到他的学校，跟他谈心，于是他意识到父母仍

然爱他，他开始又快乐活泼起来，成绩也好起来。

【解答】(1)a.考查冠词。作为表语的名词boy被以辅音开头的单词”14-year-old”所

修饰，故用an来修饰、限定，表示"一个(男孩)"»句意：他是个14岁的男孩。故填

a.