新高考适用2023版高考英语二轮总复习第1部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第3讲词句猜测题

第一部分专题一第3讲A(2022·江苏省南通市高三基地学校第三次大联考)GrowingupinanunderdevelopedzoneofJohannesburg,SouthAfrica,MusaMothasayshissurroundingswerenʼtexactlyideal.Soccerwashisfavoritesport,andhefondlyremembersthetimesheplayedforthelocalyouthteam.Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活检)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.Whilehissoccerinjurywasnotthecause,itdiddrawattentiontothealready-presentcancer.Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.Truetohisword,Motha,now26,canbeseentwirling(转动)acrossstagesaroundtheworld.Hefirstencountereddanceataneighborhoodparty,whereheaskedafriendtoteachhimsomemodifiedmoves.“ThenIdancedthewholenight，”herecalled.Histalentsdidnotgounnoticed;hebeganappearinginSouthAfricanTVadsandshows.HeevenappearedinDrakeʼsOneDancemusicvideo.Mothathinksthatrepresentationneedstoextendbeyondtheperformingarts.“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasocietywherenooneisonthemargins，”hesaid.ThatʼsMothaʼsdreamaswell.Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehim“apurpose”，headded“Idonʼtwanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.”Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.“Insteadoftellingasobstory,Ifindthatthemostbeautifulstoriesareaftertheamputation，”Mothasaid.Heencouragesotherswithdisabilitiesthatthey,too,candoeverything:“Thereʼsawholelotofthingsthatyoucanovercomeandthatactuallydefinehowstrongyouare.”1．WhatcausedthediscoveryofMothaʼscancer？________A．Theterriblelivingenvironment.B．Theroutinemedicalexamination.C．Theaccidentalinjuryinhisleftleg.D．Thehighamputationofhisleftleg.2．WhydoesMotharefusetoseehimselfasadanceronly？________A．Toindicatethatdanceisnolongerhisfavorite.B．Toinspirethedisabledtogobeyondthemselves.C．Tostresshehasnʼtgoneoutsidehiscomfortzone.D．Toshowoffhistalentsinmoreaspectsofhislife.3．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph4probablymean？________A．Everyonecanmakeadifference.B．Mostofourdreamshavecometrue.C．Notalldisabledpeopleareinfluential.D．Nodisabledpeoplehavebeenprejudiced.4．WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMotha？________A．Braveandhumorous.B．Friendlyandsociable.C．Humbleandcreative.D．Optimisticandambitious.【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述MusaMotha在自己确诊骨肉瘤之后积极对待生活，选择了走上跳舞的舞台的故事。在有了自己的成功之后，他希望能够鼓励更多的残疾人走出舒适圈，展现自己的能力，得到社会的认可。1．C细节理解题。根据第一段以及第二段“Butwhenhewas10yearsold,heinjuredinhisleftleg.Thischangedeverything.Abonemarrowbiopsy(骨髓活检)revealedMothahadosteosarcoma,atypeofbonecancer,inhisleftleg.(但是当他10岁的时候，他的左腿受伤了。这改变了一切。骨髓活组织检查显示，Motha的左腿患有骨肉瘤，这是一种骨癌。)”可知，Motha10岁时左腿受伤，在左腿检查时发现了骨癌。因此，他的疾病是因为他左腿受伤后做检查时发现的，是一个意外的发现。故选C。2．B推理判断题。根据末尾段“Thoughhesaidthatdancegavehimʼapurposeʼ，headdedʼIdonʼtwanttoseemyselfasadanceronly.ʼHewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.(虽然他说舞蹈给了他一个“目标”，但他补充说：“我不想把自己仅仅看作一个舞者。”他想为其他残疾人创造一个走出舒适区的自由空间——从踢足球到唱歌。)”可知，他拒绝只是单纯的作为一个舞者是因为他想走出舒适圈，把领域扩大到踢足球和唱歌，想以自己的事迹鼓励其他残疾人走出舒适圈。因此可推知，Motha拒绝把自己只是看作一个舞者是因为他想激励其他残疾人走出舒适圈，超越自己。故选B。3．A词句猜测题。根据前文内容“Themorewecanseethedisabledpersoninmultipleaspectsoflife,suchashelicopterpilots,engineers,chefs,choreographersandprofessors,thegreaterhopewecanholdontoforasociety...(我们越是在生活的各个方面看到残疾人，如直升机驾驶员、工程师、厨师、舞蹈指导和教授，我们越对……社会抱有更大的希望)”可知，在Motha看来，残疾人也可以像其他普通人一样从事各种职业，做出一番成就，这样的社会令人抱有希望，这样的社会里，残疾人可以和普通人一样有所成就。因此可推知，画线句应是表达“包括残疾人在内的每个人都可以有所作为”含义。故选A。4．D推理判断题。根据第二段“Hechosetheamputation(截肢)andeversincethatday,hedecidedhewasgoingtoapproachlifedifferently—morepositively,hesaid.(他选择了截肢，从那天起，他决定要以不同的方式对待生活——更积极地，他说。)”可知，他选择了截肢，并决定积极地生活，这体现了他的勇敢乐观；末尾段“Hewantstocreateaspaceforotherpeoplewithdisabilitiestogooutsidetheircomfortzone—fromsoccertosinging.Hefeelsthatgreaterrepresentationwillcreatemoreopportunitiesandinclusion,pavingthewayforpeoplewithdisabilitiestoshine.(他想为其他残疾人创造一个空间，走出他们的舒适区——从足球到唱歌。他认为，更大的代表性将创造更多的机会和包容，为残疾人的闪耀铺平道路。)”提及他想激励其他的残疾人走出舒适圈，得到更多的机会使自己发光闪耀，这体现了他的抱负。选项D“Optimisticandambitious.(乐观又有志向)”符合对他的描述。故选D。B(2022·河北省衡水市高考二模)Someeventshavebeenaddedtothe2024Olympics,withsurfing,breakdancingandsportclimbingamongtherecentadditions.WiththemcomeagroupoftermsthatareforeigntotheFrenchlanguage.ForsomeFrench-languagepurists,itʼstoomuchtobeartorelyonEnglishtopraisesurfersontheir“noseriding”—standingonthefrontoftheboard.TheyʼvedecidedtheyneedaFrenchsolution.TheFrenchgovernmenthascreatedateamoflanguageexpertsdevotedtopromotingthenationallanguage.Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.TheFrenchbattleagainsttheinfluenceofotherlanguagesisnʼtnew.In1994,theToubonlawwaspassed,forcingtheuseofFrenchinallgovernmentpublications,contractsandadvertisements.Yetitcontainedseveralloopholes,whichallowbrandsandcompaniestoextensivelyuseEnglish.Asaresult,anglicismsarebecomingmoreobvious.JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsare“sometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabulary,buttheyaredisturbingbecausetheyshowthatwefollowaneconomicandculturalmodelotherthanourown.”Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.“Sportwasoneofthefirstareastobeglobalized，”saidsportshistorianMichaelAttali,“ThisphenomenonhasstrengthenedEnglishastheofficiallanguage.”Despitetheirbestefforts,nocommitteehassuccessfullypreventedEnglishfrominfiltratingeverydaylanguage.BythetimeFrenchofficialsagreedonatranslationanditsdefinition,theEnglishversionhasalreadyspreadthroughoutthenation,“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar，”saidAttali.“TherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，”saidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.“Alllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.”5．Whatwillateamoflanguageexpertsdo？________A．PromotethespreadofFrenchintheworld.B．Decideuponsomenewsportsterms.C．BringEnglishandFrenchtogether.D．MakeFrenchmuchpurer.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto？________A．Anglicisms.B．Englishwords.C．Frenchwords.D．Newlycreatedwords.7．WhatʼstheresultofpreviouseffortstostopEnglishfrominfiltratingFrench？________A．Unimportant. B．Successful.C．Fruitless. D．Unmentioned.8．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph？________A．EnglishismorepopularthanFrench.B．Alllanguagesshouldbepreserved.C．Theexchangesbetweentwolanguagescanbeavoided.D．Neveuxispositiveabouttheimpurityoflanguage.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了法国政府成立了一个语言专家团队，致力于推广法语。他们将在未来几年定期开会，以确定和定义新的体育术语。文章还介绍了历史上法语对抗其他语言影响的事件以及人们的看法。5．B细节理解题。根据第二段“Theywillmeetperiodicallyoverthenextcoupleofyearstoidentifyanddefinenewsportsterms.(他们将在未来几年定期开会，以确定和定义新的体育术语。)”可知，一群语言专家会决定一些新的体育术语。故选B。6．A代词指代题。根据画线词上文“JulieNeveux,linguisticsprofessoratSorbonneUniversityinParis,saidanglicismsareʼsometimesestimatedatjustunder5%ofthepresentvocabularyʼ”以及后文“Theyareparticularlypresentinsportscompetitionsandevents,duringwhichathletesfromaroundtheworldareusedtocommunicatinginEnglish.(它们尤其出现在体育比赛和活动中，在这些比赛和活动中，来自世界各地的运动员习惯于用英语交流。)”可知，巴黎索邦大学的语言学教授JulieNeveux说，anglicisms“有时估计在现有词汇中只占不到5%，但它们令人不安，因为anglicisms表明，我们遵循的是一种经济和文化模式，而不是我们自己的模式。”故they指的是“anglicisms”，故选A。7．C细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Similarcommitteeshavebeenputinplaceinthepast,butnothinghaschangedsofar(过去也有类似的委员会，但到目前为止没有任何改变)”可知，以前阻止英语渗透到法语的努力结果是徒劳的。故选C。8．D推理判断题。根据最后一段“ʼTherearefarfeweranglicismsinFrenchthanthereareFrenchwordsinEnglish，ʼsaidNeveux,addingtheseexchangesshouldnotbeseenasathreat.ʼAlllivinglanguagesexistbyborrowingfromeachother.Languagesonlyexistthankstotheirimpurity.ʼ(“法语中的英语词汇远远少于英语中的法语单词。”Neveux补充说，这些交换不应被视为威胁。“所有现存的语言都是通过相互借鉴而存在的。语言之所以存在，是因为它们存在不纯性。”)”可知，Neveux对语言的不纯性持肯定态度。故选D。C(2022·福建省龙岩市高中毕业班第三次模拟)Everkeentokeepyousaving,weʼvecomeupwiththreemoregreatideastokeepmoneyinyourpockets.PayincashPayincashratherthanstickeverythingonacardtoworryaboutlater—thatway,moneyseemsmore“real”．Bydoingthis,youcanactuallygetasenseofwhatyouʼrespending.Butdonʼtmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.DIYFancymakingyourownbookshelvesorturningascarfintoaskirt?Thereareplentyofsitesthatwillteachyouclevernewtrickswitholdjunk,fromthreadingastringbracelettobuildingyourownshoecontainersfromrecycledtins.Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobeand,evenifyouʼreusuallyallfingersandthumbs,thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour.Afewminutesexploringfor“DIYcrafts”onlineprovidesplentyofcheapcreativeideas.CutbackonlineshoppingWeʼvealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.However,theresultingdamagetoyourbankbalanceisalltooreal.Whydoyouthinkonlineretailers(零售商)keepyourcreditcarddetailsonfile?Soyoucanjustpress“Buy”andtheyʼvegotyourcash.Againandagain.Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldnʼtotherwisehavebought.Ifyouʼretempted(诱惑),bestrict,putthemousedownandaskyourself:“DoIreallyneedthis？”Theanswerismostprobably:“No”．9．Whichofthefollowingcanhelpsaveyourmoney？________A．Visitingabankconstantly.B．Limitingvisitstocash-points.C．SurfingDIYsitesforoldjunks.D．Relyingonacardwhileshopping.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordsintheideaofDIYmean？________A．Busy. B．Careless.C．Nervous. D．Creative.11．Whatmayaimlessvirtualshoppingresultin？________A．Savingmoney.B．Makingagooddeal.C．Makingendsmeet.D．Pilingupunwanteditems.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了三种生活中省钱的方法。9．B细节理解题。根据Payincash中“Butdonʼtmakerepeatedtripstothecash-pointeveryday,consumingrandomlyyourhard-earnedmoneybitbybit.Instead,makeonewithdrawalatthestartoftheweek,thenputyourcardsawayandsetyourselfacashbudget.(但是不要每天都去取款机，一点一点地随意花掉你辛苦赚来的钱。相反，在一周开始的时候取一次钱，然后把你的卡收起来，给自己设定一个现金预算。)”可知，限制去取款机取款的次数，可以帮助省钱。故选B。10．B词句猜测题。根据DIY中“Theseenlighteningideaswilltransformyourhomeandwardrobe(这些有启发性的想法将改变你的家和衣柜)”及“thiscanbedoneeasilyinlessthananhour(这可以在一个小时内轻松完成)”可知，本段描述如何利用废旧物品重新创作为新的物品，上文的一些想法能帮助那些即使“笨手笨脚的人”一个小时内轻松完成，因此，allfingersandthumbs与careless为近义词。故选B。11．D细节理解题。根据Cutbackonlineshopping中“Weʼvealldoneit,surfedthenetatlunchorlateatnight,aimlesslydroppingvirtualbargainsinourvirtualbasketandhittingthevirtualcheckoutbutton.(我们都这样做过，在午餐时间或深夜上网，漫无目的地把虚拟的便宜货扔进我们的虚拟篮子里，点击虚拟的结账按钮。)”及“Butallyouendupwithisloadsofstuffyouwouldnʼtotherwisehavebought.(但你最终得到的是一大堆你本来不会买的东西。)”可知，漫无目的地虚拟购物会导致成堆的不想要的东西。故选D。D(2022·山东省潍坊市高三一模)Gov.KathyHochulʼsproposaltoallowrestaurantstoselldrinkstogowithreasonablelimitationswasmetwithgreatenthusiasmallacrossNewYork.ButNewYorkʼsliquor(酒)storeshavealreadybegunacampaignofmisinformationinanefforttoblockthis.Theirbasicargumentisthatthegovernorʼsproposalwillresultinanincreaseinunderagesales,drunkendriving,oranyotherpublichealthproblems.However,theythrowthesestatementsaroundwithoutofferinganysupportfortheirclaims—becausethereisnone.Whiletheliquorstoresfrequentlyclaimthatthelawshavebeenunchangedsincetheabolishment(废除)ofProhibitionin1934,injustthepast20yearstherulesgoverningliquorstoreshavebeenchanged,permittingtheuseofonlinethird-partydeliveryservicesandallowingstorestoopenonSundays.Restaurantadvocatesdidnʼtopposetheseexpandedprivilegesbecausetheydidnʼthaveasignificantimpactonrestaurantsales.WhathasnʼtchangedofthelawsinceProhibitionistherestrictiononnewliquorstorelicensesthatgiveliquorstoresageographicterritorialmonopoly(垄断)toprotectthemfromcompetition.Undertypicalcircumstances,theStateLiquorAuthoritywillonlyissueanewliquorstorelicenseifthenearbystoresreportsteadilyincreasingsales.Howeveranti-competitiveandoutdatedthisrestrictionmaybe,itdoesserveasaprotectionagainsttheirconcerns—intheveryunlikelyeventtheycometopass.Economically,thepandemichasbeenamajorhelptotheliquorstorebusiness.Beforethepandemic,liquorstoressold76%ofallliquorinNewYorkStateandnowtheysellnearly85%.Andremember,duringthisperiod,restaurantswerealloweddrinks-to-gosales,showingtheirfalseclaimsofeconomiccollapsearenotgroundedinrealityorexperience.Thesalesshiftfromrestaurantstoliquorstoresoverthepasttwoyearsdemonstratesclearlythatrestaurantshavelostsalestoliquorstores—wejustwanttostopthebleeding.Whiletherestaurantindustryreboundedforapartof2021,employmentstillremainsmorethan20%belowpre-pandemiclevels.12．Whydidliquorstoresopposetheproposalaccordingtotheauthor？________A．Threattopublichealth.B．Boostofunderagesales.C．Concernsabouttheirsales.D．Limitationstodrinkstogo.13．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefourthparagraph？________A．Liquorstoresareinadog-eat-dogworld.B．Prohibitionmakesliquorstoresdeadinthewater.C．Thenumberofliquorstoresisundercontrol.D．Whatliquorstoresworryaboutisreasonable.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“their”inthelastparagraphreferto？________A．Restaurantsʼ. B．Governorsʼ.C．NewYorkersʼ. D．Liquorstoresʼ.15．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？________A．LetRestaurantsSellDrinksToGoB．DefendLiquorStoresPrivilegesC．LiquorIndustryIsLosingMoneyD．RestaurantsAreRacingWithLiquorStores【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是纽约州州长凯西·胡赫尔提议允许餐馆在合理限制的情况下出售饮料，这一提议在整个纽约都受到了热烈欢迎。但纽约的酒类商店已经开始了一场不实信息的运动，试图阻止这种情况的发生。12．C推理判断题。根据第一段“Gov.KathyHochulʼspropos