水利专业名词(中英文对照)

水利专业名词（中英）A安全储备safetyreserve安全系数safetyfactor安全性safety岸边溢洪道river-bankspillway岸边绕渗by-passseepagearoundbankslope岸墙abutmentwall岸塔式进水口bank-towerintakeB坝的上游面坡度upstreamslpoeofdam坝的下游面downstreamfaceofdam坝顶damcrest坝顶长度crestlength坝顶超高freeboardofdamcrest坝高damheight坝顶高程crestelevation坝顶宽度crestwidth坝段monolith坝基处理foundationtreatment坝基排水drainindamfoundation坝基渗漏leakageofdamfoundation坝肩damabutment坝壳damshell坝坡damslope坝坡排水drainonslope坝体混凝土分区gradezoneofconcreteindam坝体排水系统drainagesystemindam坝型选择selectionofdamtype坝址选择selectionofdamsite坝趾damtoe坝踵damheel坝轴线damaxis本构模型constitutivemodel鼻坎bucket比尺scale比降gradient闭门力closingforce边墩sidepier边界层boundarylayer边墙sidewall边缘应力boundarystress变形观测deformationobservation变中心角变半径拱坝variableangleandradiusarchdam标准贯入试验击数numberofstandardpenetrationtest冰压力icepressure薄壁堰sharp-crestedweir薄拱坝thin-archdam不均匀沉降裂缝differentialsettlementcrack不平整度irregularityC材料力学法methodofstrengthofmaterials材料性能分项系数partialfactorforpropertyofmaterial侧槽溢洪道sidechannelspillway侧轮sideroller侧收缩系数coefficientofsidecontraction测缝计jointmeter插入式连接inserttypeconnection差动式鼻坎differentialbucket掺气aeration掺气槽aerationslot掺气减蚀cavitationcontrolbyaeration厂房顶溢流spilloverpowerhouse沉降settlement沉井基础sunkshaftfoundation沉沙池sedimentbasin沉沙建筑物sedimentarystructure沉沙条渠sedimentarychannel沉陷缝settlementjoint沉陷观测settlementobservation衬砌的边值问题boundaryvalueproblemoflining衬砌计算liningcalculation衬砌自重dead-weightoflining承载能力bearingcapacity承载能力极限状态limitstateofbearingcapacity持住力holdingforce齿墙cut-offwall冲击波shockwave冲沙闸flushsluice冲刷坑scourhole重现期returnperiod抽排措施pumpdrainagemeasure抽水蓄能电站厂房pump-storagepowerhouse出口段outletsection初步设计阶段preliminarydesignstage初参数解法preliminaryparametersolution初生空化数incipientcavitationnumber初应力法initialstressmethod船闸navigationlock垂直升船机verticalshiplift纯拱法independentarchmethod次要建筑物secondarystructure刺墙key-wall粗粒土coarse-grainedsoil错缝staggeredjointD大坝安全评价assessmentofdamsafety大坝安全监控monitorofdamsafety大坝老化damaging大头坝massive-headdam单层衬砌monolayerlining单级船闸liftlock单线船闸singlelinelock挡潮闸tidesluice挡水建筑物retainingstructure导流洞diversiontunnel导墙guidewall倒虹吸管invertedsiphon倒悬度overhang等半径拱坝constantradiusarchdam等中心角变半径拱坝constantangleandvariableradiusarchdam底流消能energydissipationbyhydraulicjump底缘bottomedge地基变形foundationdeformation地基变形模量deformationmodulusoffoundation地基处理foundationtreatment地下厂房undergroundpowerhouse地下厂房变压器洞transformertunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下厂房出线洞bus-bartunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下厂房交通洞accesstunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下厂房通风洞ventilationtunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下厂房尾水洞tailwatertunnelofundergroundpowerhouse地下轮廓线underoutlineofstructure地下水groundwater地形条件topographicalcondition地形图比例尺scaleoftopographicalmap地应力groundstress地震earthquake地震烈度earthquakeintensity地质条件geologicalcondition垫层cushion垫座plinth吊耳lifteye调度dispatch跌坎drop-step跌流消能dropenergydissipation跌水drop迭代法iterationmethod叠梁stoplog丁坝spurdike定向爆破堆石坝directedblastingrockfilldam动强度dynamicstrength动水压力hydrodynamicpressure洞内孔板消能energydissipationbyorificeplateintunnel洞内漩流消能energydissipationwithswirlingflowintunnel洞身段tunnelbodysection洞室群caverngroup洞轴线tunnelaxis陡坡steepslope渡槽短管型进水口intakewithpressureshortpipe断层fault堆石坝rockfilldam对数螺旋线拱坝logspiralarchdam多级船闸multi-stagelock多线船闸multi-linelock多心圆拱坝multi-centeredarchdam多用途隧洞multi-usetunnelE二道坝secondarydamF发电洞powertunnel筏道logway反弧段bucket反滤层filter防冲槽erosioncontroltrench防洪floodpreventi，floodcontrol防洪限制水位restrictedstageforfloodprevention防浪墙parapet防渗墙anti-seepagewall防渗体anti-seepagebody放空底孔unwateringbottomoutlet非常溢洪道emergencyspillway非线性有限元non-linearfiniteelementmethod非溢流重力坝nonoverflowgravitydam分岔fork分洪闸flooddiversionsluice分项系数partialfactor分项系数极限状态设计法limitstatedesignmethodofpartialfactor封拱archclosure封拱温度closuretemperature浮筒式升船机shipliftwithfloats浮箱闸门floatingcamelgate浮运水闸floatingsluice辅助消能工appurtenantenergydissipationG刚体极限平衡法rigidlimitequilibriummethod刚性支护rigidsupport钢筋混凝土衬砌reinforcedconcretelining钢筋计reinforcementmeter钢闸门steelgate高边坡highsideslope高流速泄水隧洞dischargetunnelwithhighvelocity工程管理projectmanagement工程规划projectplan工程量quantityofwork工程设计engineeringdesign工程施工engineeringconstruction工作桥servicebridge工作闸门maingate拱坝坝肩岩体稳定stabilityofrockmassnearabutmentofarchdam拱坝布置layoutofarchdam拱坝上滑稳定分析up-slidingstabilityanalysisofarchdam拱坝体形shapeofarchdam拱端archabutment拱冠archcrown拱冠梁法crowncantilevermethod拱冠梁剖面profileofcrowncantilever拱内圈intrados拱外圈extrados固结consolidation固结灌浆consolidationgrouting管涌piping灌溉irrigation规范code，specification过坝建筑物structuresforpassingdam过滤层transitionlayer过渡区transitionzone过木机logconveyer过木建筑物logpassstructures过鱼建筑物fish-passstructuresH海漫flexible涵洞culvert河道冲刷riverbedscour荷载load荷载组合loadcombination横缝transversejoint横拉闸门horizontalrolling/slidinggate洪水标准floodstandard虹吸溢洪道siphonspillway厚高比thicknesstohightratio弧形闸门radialgate护岸工程bank-protectionworks护坡slopeprotection护坦apron戽琉消能bucke-typeenergydissipation滑坡landslip滑楔法slidingwedgemethod滑雪道式溢洪道skijumpspillway环境评价environmentassessment换土垫层cushionofreplacedsoil回填灌浆backfillgrouting混凝土concrete混凝土衬砌concretelining混凝土防渗墙concretecutoffwall混凝土面板concretefaceslab混凝土面板堆石坝concrete-facedrockfilldam混凝土重力坝concretegravitydamJ基本荷载组合basicloadcombination基本剖面basicprofile基面排水baseleveldrainage激光准直发methodoflaseralignment极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod极限状态limitstate坚固系数soundnesscoefficient剪切模量shearmodulus剪切应力shearstress检查inspection检修闸门bulkhead简单条分法simpleslicesmethod建筑材料constructionmaterial简化毕肖普法simplifiedBishop’smethod渐变段transition键槽key/key-way浆砌石重力坝cement-stonemasonrygravitydam交叉建筑物crossingstructure交通桥accessbridge校核洪水位waterlevelofcheckfloo校核流量checkflooddischarge接触冲刷contactwashing接触流土soilflowoncontactsurface节制闸controllingsluice结构可靠度reliabilityofstructure结构力学法structuralmechanicsmethod结构系数structuralcoefficient截流环cutoffcollar截水槽cutofftrench进口段inlet进口曲线inletcurve进水喇叭口inletbellmouth进水闸inletsluice浸润面saturatedarea浸润线saturatedline经济评价economicassessment井式溢洪道shaftspillway静水压力hydrostaticpressure均质土坝homogeneousearthdamK开敞式溢洪道openchannelspillway开裂机理crackmechanism勘测explorationsurvey坎上水深waterdepthonsill抗冲刷性scourresistance抗冻性frostresistance抗滑稳定安全系数safetycoefficientofstabilityagainstsliding抗剪断公式shear-breakstrengthformula抗剪强度shearstrength抗裂性crackresistance抗磨abrasion-resistance抗侵蚀性erosion-resistance抗震分析analysisofearthquakeresistance颗粒级配曲线grainsizedistributioncurve可靠度指标reliabilityindex可行性研究设计阶段designstageoffeasibilitystudy空腹重力坝hollowgravitydam空腹拱坝hollowarchdam空化cavitation空化数cavitationnumber空蚀cavitationdamage空隙水压力porewaterpressure控制堰controlweir枯水期lowwaterperiod库区reservoirarea宽顶堰broadcrestedweir宽缝重力坝slottedgravitydam宽高比widthtoheightratio扩散段expandingsection扩散角divergentangleL拦沙坎sedimentcontrolsill拦污栅trashrack廊道gallery浪压力wavepressure棱体排水prismdrainage理论分析theoryanalysis力法方程canonicalequationofforcemethod连续式鼻坎plainbucket联合消能combinedenergydissipation梁式渡槽beam-typeflume量水建筑物water-measurestructure裂缝crack临界水力坡降criticalhydraulicgradient临时缝temporaryjoint临时性水工建筑物temporaryhydraulicstructure流量discharge流速flowvelocity流态flowpattern流土soilflow流网flownet流向flowdirection露顶式闸门emersedgateM马蹄形断面horseshoesection脉动压力fluctuatingpressure锚杆支护anchorsupport门叶gateflap迷宫堰labyrinthweir面流消能energydissipationofsurfaceregime模型试验modeltest摩擦公式frictionfactorformula摩擦系数coefficientoffriction目标函数objectivefunctionN内部应力internalstress内摩擦角internalfrictionangle内水压力internalwaterpressure挠度观测deflectionobservation泥沙压力siltpressure粘性土cohesivesoil碾压混凝土重力坝rollercompactedconcretegravitydam凝聚力cohesion扭曲式鼻坎distortedtypebucketP排沙底孔flushbottomoutlet排沙漏斗flushfunnel排沙隧洞flushtunnel排水drainage排水孔drainhole排水设施drainagefacilities抛物线拱坝parabolicarchdam喷混凝土支护shotcretesupport喷锚支护sprayconcreteanddeadmanstrut漂木道logchute平板坝flatslabbuttressdam平衡重式升船机verticalshipliftwithcounterweight平面闸门plaingate平压管equalizingpipe坡率sloperatio破碎带crushzone铺盖blanketQ启闭机hoist启门力liftingforce砌石拱坝stonemasonryarchdam潜坝submergeddam潜孔式闸门submergedgate倾斜仪clinometer曲线形沉沙池curvedsedimentarybasin渠首canalhead渠道canal渠系建筑物canalsystemstructure取水建筑物waterintakestructureR人工材料心墙坝earth-rockdamwithmanufacturedcentralcore人字闸门mitregate任意料区miscellaneousaggregatezone溶洞solutioncavern柔度系数flexibilitycoefficient褥垫式排水horizontalblanketdrainage软弱夹层weakintercalationS三角网法triangulationmethod三角形单元triangularelement三心圆拱坝threecenterarchdam三轴试验triaxialtest扇形闸门sectorgate上游upstream设计洪水位designfloodlevel设计基准期designreferenceperiod设计阶段designstage设计阶段划分dividingofdesignstage设计流量designdischarge设计状况系数designstatecoefficient设计准则designcriteria伸缩缝contractionjoint渗流比降seepagegradient渗流变形seepagedeformation渗流分析seepageanalysis渗流量seepagedischarge渗流体积力massforceofseepage渗流系数permeabilitycoefficient生态环境ecologicalenvironment生态平衡ecologicalbalance失效概率probabilityoffailure施工导流constructiondiversion施工缝constructionjoint施工管理constructionmanagement施工条件constructioncondition施工图阶段constructiondrawingstage施工进度constructionprogress实体重力坝solidgravitydam实用剖面practicalprofile实用堰practicalweir事故闸门emergencygate视准线法collimationmethod收缩段constringentsection枢纽布置layoutofhydrauliccomplex输水建筑物waterconveyancestructure竖式排水verticaldrainage数值分析numericalanalysis双层衬砌double-layerlining双曲拱坝doublecurvaturearchdam水电站地下厂房undergroundpowerhouse水电站建筑物hydroelectricstationstructure水垫塘cushionbasin水工建筑物hydraulicstructure水工隧洞hydraulictunnel水环境waterenvironment水库吹程fetch水库浸没reservoirsubmersion水库渗漏reservoirleakage水库坍岸reservoirbankcaving水库淹没reservoirinundation水力资源waterpowerresource水力劈裂hydraulicfracture水利工程hydraulicengineering，waterproject水利工程设计designofhydroproject水利工程枢纽分等rankofhydrauliccomplex水利枢纽hydrauliccomplex水面线waterlevelline水能hydraulicenergy水平位移horizontaldisplacement水体污染waterpollution水土流失waterandsoilloss水位急降instantaneousreservoirdrawdown水压力hydraulicpressu水闸sluice水质waterquality水资源waterresources顺坝longitudinaldike四边形单元quadrangularelement塑性破坏failurebyplasticflow塑性变形plasticdeformation塑性区plasticrange锁坝closuredike锁定器dogdeviceTT型墩T-typepier塌落拱法roofcollapsearchmethod塔式进水口towerintake台阶式溢流坝面step-typeoverflowface弹塑性理论elastoplastictheory弹性基础梁beamonelasticfoundation弹性抗力elasticresistance弹性中心elasticcentre弹性理论theoryofelasticity特殊荷载组合specialloadcombination体形优化设计shapeoptimizingdesign挑距jettrajectorydistance挑流消能ski-jumpenergydissipation挑射角exitangleofjet调压室surgetank贴坡排水surfacedrainageondamslope通航建筑物navigationstructure通气孔airhole土工复合材料geosynthetic土工膜geomembrane土工织物geotexile土石坝earth-rockdam土压力earthpressure土质材料斜墙坝earth-rockdamwithinclinedsoilcore土质心墙坝earth-rockdamwithcentralsoilcore驼峰堰humpweir椭圆曲线ellipticalcurveWWES型剖面堰WEScurveprofileweir外水压力externalwaterpressure弯矩平衡momentequilibrium围岩surroundingrock围岩强度strengthofsurroundingrock围岩稳定分析围岩压力surroundingrockpressu帷幕灌浆curtaingrouting维修maintenance尾水渠tailwatercanal温度缝temperaturejoint温度计thermometer温度应变temperaturestrain温度应力temperaturestress温降temperaturedrop温升temperaturerise污水处理sewagetreatment无坝取水undamedintake无粘性土cohesionlesssoil无压泄水孔free-flowoutletX下游downstream现场检查fieldinspection橡胶坝rubberdam消力池stillingbasin消能防冲设计designofenergydissipationanderosioncontrol消能工energydissipator校核洪水