2024届高考英语复习：阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧课件

高三英语阅读专题之主旨大意命题方式1.主题类2.标题类3.目的类Themainideaofthepassageis…Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthispassage?Thepurposeofthisarticleisto…Theauthorintendsto......

设问方式1)主旨大意题

解题方法

主题句定位法高频词（关键词））Howtofindthetopicsentences?Features：1).相对于其他句子，它表达的意思比较概括性；

2).主题句一般结构简单；3).段落中其他句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展相互题句所表达的思想的。1Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.(1)主题句在文首

开头主题+论证性细节。

应用文书信

说明文科技文献新闻报道1)主旨大意题

主题句定位法主题句在文首

解题方法2Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.

（2）主题句在文中例子/问题（铺垫）--主题提出--进一步解释说明

说明文科技文献研究报告提示词1)转折关系的词----后

but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,actually,

indeed,...

2)

总结性，结论性的词

----后

in

brief，inshort,

afterall,all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword，so,therefore...

3)

表研究成果的词----内容

show,indicate,suggest,accordingto...4）举例子的词----前

forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...提示词1)主旨大意题

主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文中

解题方法3

Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.

（3）主题句在文末事实依据----层层推理----得出结论(主题)

广告类哲理性故事1)主旨大意题

主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文末

解题方法

4

Everyonecanexperienceangersometimes.Butnoteveryonecancontrolitproperly.

Tosomepeople,controllingangerseemslikethehardestthingintheworldtodo.Controlthesebytalkingtoyourselfinyourownmind,whenyou

experienceunwantedfeeling.Bytalkingitoverinyourownheadyoucanworkouthowyouwillbestdealwiththesituation.Angercontrolcanalsobeachievedbycommunicatingwithotherswithhonesty.Youcaneffectivelytrainyourselftorespondtosituationswithoutgettingannoyedaboutthings.Itisimportanttorememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangryandtherefore.Controlingitistherealchallenge.(5)高频词围绕某个主题展开的---反复出现的中心词即高频词，也叫做主题词1)主旨大意题

主题句定位法主题句在文首主题句在文中主题句在文末无明显主题句高频词(关键词)

解题方法

2020全国I卷

DAccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch,boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits,theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership...Forthesecondtest,inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase,shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest:theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces...Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore,sowillI.Callitthe“I’llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect...32．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety.

B．Movieviewership.

C．Consumerdemand.

D．Eatingbehavior.2021全国乙说明文

B

Whenalmosteveryonehasamobilephone,whyaremorethanhalfofAustralianhomesstillpayinglandline(座机)?

Thesedaysyou'dbehardpressedtofindanyoneinAustralaovertheageof15whodoesn’townamobilephone.Infactplentyofyoungerkidshaveoneintheirpocket.

Practicallyeveryonecanmakeandreceivecalls

anywhere,anytime.

Still,5percentofAustralianshavealandlinephoneathomeandonlyjustoveraquarter(29%)relyontheirsmartphonesaccordingtoasurvey(调查)....

Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytellusaboutmobilephones？A.Theirtargetusers

B.Theirwidepopularity. C.Theirmaiorfunctions D.Theircomplexdesign2)标题类

解题方法Tips

避免以下三种错误：1.概括不够（部分代替整体）2.过度概括（人为扩大范围）3.以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意BGoffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(对称的)shapes...Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(线索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.2022年全国甲卷说明文27．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkillfulShape-Sorters关键词2022年全国乙卷

C

Canasmallgroupofdrones(无人机)guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillionsofeuroseachyear?Thatistheverylikelyfutureofapplyingtoday’s“eyesinthesky”technologytomakesurethatthemillionsofkilometresofrailtracksandinfrastructure(基础设施)worldwidearesafefortrainsona24/7basis.Dronesarealreadybeingusedtoexaminehigh-tensionelectricallines.Theycoulddopreciselythesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints....Byusingthelatesttechnologies,dronescouldalsostartprovidinghigher-valueservicesforrailways,detectingfaultsintherailorswitches,beforetheycancauseanysafetyproblems.Toperformthesetasks,dronesforraildon’tneedtobeflyingoverhead.Engineersarenowworkingonanewconcept:theraildronesofthefuture....

31．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WhatFaultsCanBeDetectedwithDronesB．HowProductionofDronesCanBeExpandedC．WhatDifficultyDroneDevelopmentWillFaceD．HowDronesWillChangetheFutureofRailways关键词3)目的类

解题方法主旨推断法文体推断法1.记叙文----tellastoryorlesson;

entertainreaders;shareanexperience;show

something2.说明文、新闻----inform;introduce3.议论文----argue;persuade;4.应用文----providesomeinformationoradvice5.广告----advertise;attractreaders文体推断法2020新高考I

B

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan

....Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,

ChasingtheSea:

Lost

AmongtheGhostsof

EmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliv