中英社交禁忌习俗异同之比较分析

摘要本文首先结合禁忌与社交的概念引出社交禁忌习俗的概念，指出它是人们社会交往，尤其是跨文化交流中的一个障碍。然后从拜访禁忌、送礼禁忌与话题禁忌三个方面进行中英社交禁忌习俗的异同比较；并从中英不同的宗教信仰、价值观及思维方式三个角度阐述了中英社交禁忌习俗异同产生的原因。最后预测了在全球化的背景之下的中英社交禁忌习俗的发展趋势。本文旨在消除和减少跨文化交往可能带来的误解和摩擦，为保障中英跨文化交际的顺利进行提供一些帮助。关键词：社交禁忌；社交习俗；跨文化交际；全球化

ABSTRACTThispaperfirstdrawsouttheconceptoftaboocustominsocialcommunication,combiningwiththeconceptoftabooandsocialcommunication,andpointsoutthatitisaobstacleforthesuccessfulcommunication,especiallythecross-culturalcommunication;thencomparesSino-Britishsocialtaboosinthefollowingaspects:taboocustominvisiting,presentingandinverballanguage.AndthenanalysesthecausebehindthedifferencebetweenEnglishandChinesesocialtaboosfromthereligiousculture,valueandthinkingmode.Finallyforecaststhedevelopmenttrendofsocialtaboointhecontextofglobalization.Thispaperaimstoeliminateorreducethemisunderstandingsorfrictionincross-culturalcommunicationandtosecureasmoothcommunicationbetweentheWestandChina,Keywords：taboo;communicativecustom;cross-culturecommunication;globalizationContentsTOC\o"1-3"\h\z1．Introduction 12.Taboocustominsocialcommunication 23.ComparisonofEnglishandChinesesocialcustoms 43.1Taboocustomsinvisiting 43.2Taboocustomsinpresenting 43.3Taboocustomsinverballanguage 54.ThecausesbehindthedifferencebetweenEnglishandChinesesocialtaboos 84.1Religiousculturedifference 84.2Valuedifference 94.3Thinkingmodesdifference 105．Thedevelopmenttrendofsocialtaboointhecontextofglobalization 126.Conclusion 14Acknowledgements 15References 161．IntroductionOriginally,TabooisakindofPolynesianword,whichmeans“holy”and“untouchable”.ItwasintroducedintoEnglishinthe18thcenturybyCaptainJamesCook[1]133.Butnowtabooisauniversalphenomenoninhumansocietywhichappearsinalmosteveryculture.Taboo,aspecialcustom,seemsveryimportantwhetherinrealityorincommunication[2]64.Itisaverysensitiveissueinsocialcommunication,especiallyincross-culturecommunication,asdifferentcultureshavedifferenttaboocustoms[3]66.Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,thereismoreandmoresocialcommunicationamongdifferentculture-backgroundnations.Addressingtheissueoftaboocustominsocialcommunicationisanurgentneedtoenhancetheabilityofcross-culturalcommunication.Becausecommunicativeabilitynotonlyincludeslanguageskills,suchaslistening,reading,andwritingskills;butalsoincludestheculturebackgrounds[2]65.IfweunderstandthedifferencesoftaboocustomsbetweenChineseandEnglishculture,wecanwipeoutthemisunderstandingandembarrassmentwhencommunicating.Infact，tabooisaculturalphenomenonofvariousnationsintheworld,butonlythecontentandformaredifferent[2]64.Taboo,asapartofcustom，playsasignificantroleinthesocialcommunication.MeanwhilethereisanenormoussignificancefortheanalysisofthedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishtaboocustomsinsocialcommunication. 2.TaboocustominsocialcommunicationSocialtaboo,namelytaboocustominsocialcommunication,referstosomewordsandbehaviourthatareforbiddenasahabitwhencommunicating.Inacommonsocialpractice,inordertomeettheirmaterialandspiritualneeds,peoplehavetocontactandcommunicatewitheachother[4]114.Suchactivitiesarecalledsocialcommunication.Thetopicofsocialcommunicationisfascinatingbecausecommunicationisubiquitous,andnoonecanbeexclusive.Andyet,theartofeffectivecommunicationcanbeextremelydemandingandelusive.Tomakethecommunicationsuccess,itmustbeatonceinformative-somehowindicatinganintendeddirectionofthoughtoraction--aswellassubtle-somehowconcealingintentionsandinstrumentalgoals.Failuretomeettheformercriterionrenderscommunicationuncontrolledandhaphazard;failuretomeetthelatterraisessuspicionandreactance.Socialcommunicationisamannerandprocessofmutualcontactandmutualinfluencebetweentheindividualandtheindividual,individualsandgroups,groupsandorganizations[4]118.Inthelong-termsocialcommunication,peoplegraduallyformedaparticulartypeoftaboocustom--SocialTaboos,inotherwords,itisakindofcustomandhabitoftheprohibitionorself-restraintforcertainwordsandbehaviorwhencommunicating.Inacertainculture,whencommunicating,peoplewillspontaneouslyhave"evasive"attitudeoncertainlanguageorbehavior.Peopleareunwilling,orunable,orhesitanttospeakonsomesubjectormakeacertainbehavior[5]19.Therefore,taboosinsocialcommunicationcomeintobeing.Whoeveryouareandwhateveryouaredong,youshouldfollowsomebasicprinciples,sodosocialcommunication[4]118.Taboocustominsocialcommunicationjustactsassuchanorm.Therearevariouskindsoftaboocustomsinsocialcommunication,suchas:taboocustomsinvisitingothers,taboocustomsingivingpresents,taboocustomsinconversationsandtaboocustomsindiets.Customs,havingtremendouspowertoletpeoplecommunicateinaccordancewiththeirnation'shabits,aredeeplyrootedinpeople'sminds.Andtaboocustomisalmosteverywhereinhumansocialinteraction[6]243.ItisacommonsocialphenomenoninChineseandEnglishcultures,havingalreadyinfiltratedintoeveryaspectofpeople'slives.Taboocustomsinsocialcommunicationarepartofnationalpsychology.Ithasbecomecommonwordinthestudyfieldsofanthropology,psychology,religion,folklore,andsoon.Inthesameculture,becauseofregionalorculturaldifferences,therearesimilaritiesaswellasdifferencesexistinginthesocialtaboos.Indifferentcultures,socialtaboosvarygreatly.Becauseofthis,taboocustomsinsocialcommunicationsetupasortofasmallobstacleinsocialinteractionactivities,especiallyincross-culturalcommunication[7]108.Anumberofsocialproblems,includingmisunderstandings,unhappiness,tension,orevenseriousconsequencesareduetothelackofcertaintaboocustomsintheothernationwhencommunicating[6]243.

3.ComparisonofEnglishandChinesesocialcustoms3.1Taboocustomsinvisiting IntheEnglish-speakingcountries,visitingapersonneedstomakeanappointmentbefore,asurprisevisitisataboo(youhadbetternotdo)[7]107.Ifyoudonotfollowtheirtaboo,theywouldbeunhappyandwhatisworse,theymayrefuseyourvisit;assuchasuddenvisitdisturbstheirarrangement,bringingaboutgreatinconvenienceforthem.Itshowsagreatlackofrespectforthem.However,Chinesepeopledonothavethehabitofmakinganappointmentbefore,exceptforsomeimportantissues.Inaddition,visitingtimeisalsoverydifferentbetweenChineseandWestern.TheAmerican’shabitistobelatefor3to5minutes[7]108.Ingeneral,itisacceptabletobelaterfortenminutesthanthescheduledtime.Ifyouarriveearlier,youhadbetterwaitforamoment;becausethehostesswasbusypreparingforfood,notuntilthelast5minutesdoesshehavetimetochangeclothes;otherwise,youmaymaketheownerfeelembarrassed[6]234.Buttoolateisimpolite,asyouwilllettheownerorotherguestswaitfortoolong.Chinesehabitisjustcontrary:weoftenarrive3or4minutesearliertoshowourrespecttotheelderlyorthosewho,especially,areinhighpositions[11]76.ItisatabootocancelorpostponeanappointedvisitinChina.Ifyouhaveunexpectedevents,suchasadisasterorsomediseaseorsomeincidentsthatmakeyoucannotgo,youshouldgiveaforwardnotice,andafterwardstoapologizefortheinconvenienceyoucausedtothehost.3.2TaboocustomsinpresentingInEnglish-speakingcountries,itiscommontosendsomesmallgiftstotheirfriends,colleaguesandfamilymembersintheirdailyinteractions,buttheyhavealotoftaboosingiftgiving[9]152.First,thereshouldbeareasonforpresentingagift,suchassomeimportantfestivals,birthdayandweddingdaysoffriendsandrelativesorotheroccasions[6]234.Ifthereisnoreasonforagift,youwillembarrassthem.Andwesternersavoidtogiving‘heavy’gifts,becausetheexpensivegiftsmayberegardedasakindofbribery,bringingalotoftrouble.Besides,itisatabootogivemoneyorchecksdirectlyintheWestcountries,becauseintheirpointsofview,themoneyorcheckisnothingbutasymbolofresponsibilityandobligationandcannotbeusedtoexpressfriendship.Onthecontrary,theyshowtheirfriendshipbygivingasmallgift.InEnglish-speakingcountries,itisakindofelegantmannerandcivilizedbehaviourtopresentflowersasgifts,buthowtopresentflowersproperly(inthepropertime,attheproperplaceandtotheproperperson)shouldalwaysbeconsideredcarefully.Itisatabootosendflowersinevennumberorsendwhiteflowerstoapatientbecausethewhitecolourisasymbolofdeaththeward.What’smore,inEnglish-speakingcountries,itisalsoatabootopresentinggiftsinbusinessissues,inordertoavoidsuspicionofbribery.Itisatabootogivinggiftsinpublic[6]234.InChina,itisatabootopresenttoocheapgifts,whichwillmaketheaccepterfeeldevaluated[7]107.Apartfromthat,Chinesepeoplebelievethat"goodthingscomeinpairs,"becauseofthat,thenumberofpresentsforbighappyeventisalwaysineven,avoidinginodd.Moreover,thenumber“4”isatabooinChina.Thoughitisanevennumber,thesoundof"4"likes"si(die)"inChinese,anditisunlucky.Whatismore,thoughthecolourofwhitemeansimmaculatesometimes,butforChinesepeopleitistaboo,becauseinChina,whiteisoftenthecolourforthepovertyorthemantra;soastheblackcolour,anunluckycolouroffierce,disasterandloss.Whilered,ishappyandistheauspicioussymbolofcelebration.Peoplelovethatcolour.Inaddition,Chinesepeopleavoidgivingtheoldmanclocks,givingcouplesorloverpears:theactionof"givingclocksoundssongzhonginChinese"whichmeans"buryaparent;andtheChinesemeaningfor"pear"is"li"whichhomophonicwordmeans"apartfrom"and"unlucky".Butthenewgenerationcareslittleaboutthiskindoftaboo,ifyoureallywanttoavoidthiskindofunluckyhomophonicword,youcanaskforadollartorecipients,whichmeansthegiftwasboughtbyadollar,using"buy"toavoid“giving”.And,itistabootopresentdrugsforthehealthypeopleor3.3TaboocustomsinverballanguageLanguage,asthecarrierofculture,iscreatedduringtheprocessofhumanbeings’productivelabourandservesasthetoolofcommunicationtoconveythemessagebetweenpeople.[10]23.However,ithasbeenendowedwithmagicandpowerinparticularlanguageacts.Astheoldsayinggoes,troublescomeoutofthetongue.Superstitiouspeoplethinkthatthelanguageitselfcanbringaboutfortuneormisfortunesothattaboostorestricttheuseoflanguagearecreated.Anyonewhoviolatesthemwillgetpunishment,whereasthosewhofaithfullyobeytherestrictionsoflanguagetaboowillgetprotection[8]76.3.3.1ThesimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglishverballanguagetabooBothinChinaandintheWest,peoplealwaystrytoavoidthereferenceof"death".Ifwehavetomention,weusuallyuseanotherargumentinstead.InChinesetherearemanyeuphemismsfor"death",suchas:"QuShi","ZouLe,""QuLe","ZuoGu","GuiTian,"etc.Thedeathofsoldiersonthebattlefieldiscalled"sacrifice";achild'sdeathiscalled"premature"[12]167.SimilartothesituationofChinese,Englishpeopledonotputitbluntlythat"hedied",butwiththefollowingstatementinstead:"departfromtheworldforever";"passaway";"gotoHeaven";"gotoabetterworld";"bewithGod";"fallasleep"andsoon.BothChineseandEnglishpeopleavoidtodirectlyreferencetosomewordsrelatedtotheexcretionorcertaindiseases[13]199.InEnglishspeakingcountries,theyusesightlesstoinsteadofblind,specialmanfordisableman,losingamealforvomitingandwashingmyhands,doinghisownbusiness,powderingournosesorfixingmyfacetosubstitutethereferenceofbeingonthetoilet.Also,theyusebodyrefuseorhumanwasteproductstoreplacetheexcrementthatpeopledonotliketoreferto.InChina,itisataboototellthepatienthisdiseasenameorrefertotheexcretion-relatedterms[12]168.Thewordsrelatedtothesexareseenasdirtyandindecent.Onewesterncountryhaspassedanordinanceprohibitingtheuseoffour-letter-words(suchasthecocksucker,shit,andtit)intheradio,televisionandothermedia[14]15.Asforthehumanprivateparts,suchasthereproductiveorgans,Chinesewillusetheword“there”instead.3.3.2ThedifferencebetweenChineseandEnglishverballanguagetaboo3.3.2IntheEnglish-speakingcountries,personalprivacyisoneofthegreatesttaboos.Privacyissacrosanct,unlesspermitted,whichisabsolutelyuntouchable.Generallyspeaking,privacyincludestheperson'sage,property,income,marriage,loveandsoon.So,whentalkingwithwesterners,weshouldnotrefertothingsthatbelongtoprivacyinthearea.Otherwise,itwillcausegreatunhappinessandresentment.ThereisanoldsayinginEngland:aman'shomeishiscastle,[7]108thismeansthataperson'shomeissosacred,withoutpermission,nopersonshallenter.Thisalsoappliestohislifeandhispersonalprivacy.InChina,askingforothers’personalprivacyisawayofcareratherthanakindofimpoliteness.Chinesepeoplealsoavoidtalkingaboutthingsthataremainlyrelatedtopersonaldignity,suchasshortcoming,failing,weakness,sore,tenderspot,defeat,trouble,mistakeandothermatters[8]763.3.2.2InChina,amongoldpeople,theythink“73”and“84”aretwokeyages.Itissaidthatpeoplewilldieattheirageof73or84.Somanyoldpeopleavoidtalkingtheirexactages.Whileinwesterncountries,oneofthemostinfluentialtaboonumbersis13.Accordingtothestoryof“Thelastsupper”:Judas,thepersonwhobetrayedJesus,satintheNo.13chair,therefore,numberthirteenisconsideredtobeunlucky.Nodoor’snumberisthirteen;nohotelhastheNo.13Room;theydon’tallow13peoplehavedinnertogether[12]167.Allinaword,theyavoidnumberthirteenineveryaspect.Ordinarypeoplefeelupseton13thineverymonth.Therefore,thirteenbecameataboowordinwesterncountries.3.3.2.3Howtocallothersinverbalcommunicationisveryimportant.InChinese,theancestors’andtheoldergeneration’snamescannotbereferredtodirectly.Forexample,thesecondnameofSimaQian’sfatherwas“谈”sowhenwritingtheHistoricalRecords,SimaQianchanged“赵谈”into“赵同”and“李谈”into“李同”.Asaresult,wecannotfindsuchaChinesecharacter“谈”intheHistoricalRecords[10]67.ButintheEnglishculture,therearenosuchnametaboos.Theyoungergenerationcanrefertheeldergeneration’snamedirectly.Itshowsthattheyareequal,friendlyandintimate.IntheUnitedStates,manyblackpeoplebearthename“Lincoln”,apparentlyafterAbrahamLincoln,the16thpresidentofthecountry.Englishbabiesmaybenamedaftertheirgrandparentsorotherrelativestoshowrespectortohonourthem.Forexample,“theBritishPrimeMinisterChurchill’sfatherwasnamedRandolph.ChurchillandoneofthePrimeMinister’ssonswerealsonamedRandolph.Churchill.Thegrandfatherandgrandsonhadthesamename.TheAmericanpresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt’ssonalsohadthesamenamewithhisfather.”ThispracticewasquitedifferentfromChineseculturewhichwascharacterizedbyaclearlydelineatedstratifiedsocietyinwhichthenames,forexample,ofone’srelatives,oneortwogenerationsabove,orofficials,orotherinfluentialfiguresweretaboostotheordinaryChinese,noonedaredtonamehisbabiesafterthem[10]78.4.ThecausesbehindthedifferencebetweenEnglishandChinesesocialtaboosThesimilaritiesanddifferencesofSino-Britishinsocialtaboocustomsareduetotheculturaldifferencesbetweenthetwocountries.Cultureisapartofthesuperstructureandtheproductofacertainperiodofsocio-economicdevelopment;andatthesametime,ithasreactiontotheeconomy.Thecultureofanysociety,formedthroughlong-termaccumulationandcontinuingtoaccumulate,isaslongasthecommunity.4.1ReligiousculturedifferenceInwesterncountry,Christianistheirmainreligion.Christiantheology,thatis,godisthereligion,godcreatedmanandmanshouldobeythegod.ThetheoryofChristianityisestablishedbasedonthecentreforthegod.ThegodofChristianityisthesupremespirit,theultimatetruth,theonlygod.Andlimitless,eternityistheessenceofthegod.Peopleshouldobeythegod.ButtheobeyforChristianityisnotsimple,notbowingdowntobeg,norownpropertyanddedicationtogodandbodyyourselftothegod,butre-establishtherelationshipwithgod.Therelationshipbetweenthemanandthegodisacomplexrelationundertheabsoluteauthority;therelationisaffiliatedbuttense[15]67.InChina,BuddhismandTaoismarethemainreligion.TheessenceofthegodinChineseBuddhismandTaoismisnotthegodofChristianity.TheChinese"god"isnotthepersonification,butisthenatureandthesociallaw;infact,itisakindofmoralgoal.Anyhow,theChinesegodisnotanabsoluteexistence,nottheultimatetruthofthehighest.Godwillaffectthedefinitionoftherelationbetweenmanandgod.Whenportraythegodaslawofnature,peoplecanusetheirabilitytogovernthisrule.Whengodisdepictedasnature,peoplecanlearntoletthenaturetakeitscourse.Whengodisdepictedasthroughtheimmortalfromthecrowdbyefforts,theneveryoneisbornasapotentialgod.Thereisnoinsurmountablegapbetweenthegodandman[16]79.Inthismode,man'sdestinyandhappinessdependononeselftograsp.Infact,thegodisnotvital;thereisnoneedtoobeythegodabsolute,becausepeoplearebornwiththespiritofdivine.Religionisapartoftheculture;religiousculturewillinfluenceourcommunication.TheChristianity,advocatingthemselvesandtheirowninterests,theseactionsshalldecidetheircommunicationmode.ButtheChinesehavebeendeeplyinfluencedbyConfucianism,emphasizingthecollectivismandadvocatingbenevolence,righteousnessproprietyandwisdom.TheselawsareincertainextentdeterminethelanguagecommunicationmodeofChineseandthetwolanguagesinmanywaysofexpression.WesternpeoplearedeeplyinfluencedbyChristianity.InEnglishlanguagesystem,therearealotofwordsrelatedwithreligion,especiallysomewordsforpraise,exclamation,curseswear,expresswishorimagedepicts.Weoftenseesomewordswiththespecificreligiousmeanings,ifwedon'tunderstanditsrelevantbackground;theyoftenleadtocommunicationobstacles.Suchas"endoftheworld",fortheChinesepeople,theyoftenthinkitmeans“thefinaldestructionoftheworldortheendofhumanbeingsisimminent",butinthewesternworld,itmeans,everyonehashisownending,badorgood,justlikeoneofourChineseidiom.TherearemanyChineseidiomswhicharemainlyfromBuddhistsutratranslationornotdirectlyfromtheBuddhistbutareinfluencedbyBuddhismorBuddhistactivitiesdeeply.AndBiblicalallusions,metaphor,proverbs,andsayingsarewidelyaccepted,becominganindispensablecomponentofEnglishlanguage[15]67.4.2ValuedifferenceValue,thecoreofculture,isanormabidedbyallculturalgroups’members.Whencommunicating,people,withdifferentculturalbackgroundsmayencountervaluecollusion[17]34.CollectivismisaveryimportantvalueinChina.Theyputtheinterestofthecommunity,thesocietyortheirnationinthefirstplace,ifnecessary,theywillignoreorsacrificepersonalinterest.AChinese,isnotanindividual,butamemberinagroupandshapedbythisgroup’sculture.Heisseenasmoreofacompany'semployees,acountry'snationals,thehusbandofhiswife,thefatherofhischild,nothispersonal,thisindividual.Heusedtothinkingofothers,andsuchselflessnessandaltruismarepromotedinChineseculture.Withtheideaofcollectivisminthemind,Chinesepeoplewouldaskotherssuchas"Wheredoyouwork?","Areyoumarriedyet?"andsoon,infacthewantedtoexpress"Iamveryinterestedinyourwork,ifyouencountersometroublesIwanttohelpyou."or"ifyouaresingle,Iamwillingtohelpyoufindagirl/boyfriend"[19].ForChinesepeople,askingthestrangersomepersonalquestionsisafriendlywaytoshowhiswillingofchatting.Whencommunicating,theyshouldalwaysbeartheideasof"respectingothers",doingsomethingrequiredstability,actingwithcompliancewithitsownidentityandstrictlyfollowingtherulesdefinedinthecommunityinmind[18]13.However,Westerncultureemphasizesvaluesofindividualism,pursuespersonalfreedom,appreciatesequalityandrespectsindividualrights.Theypromotechangingandinnovation.Thecultureofthewestisbasedontheindividual,thatistosaytheywouldliketobeseenasanindividual,notasacollectivemember.Inwesternculture,amanisseenasanindependententitywithreasonandemotion,identifyingeachpersonbyhisowncreationwithinternalfactorsandtakingresponsibilityforhisownfate.IntheWesternworld,theindividualvaluesarewidelyrecognized.Youhavenorightsorobligationstocareaboutotherpeople'spersonalaffairs[4]67.InChineseculture,peoplearemoreconcernedabouttheothers’viewsandassessment,payingmuchattentiontothe"face".Sometimespeoplecanmakecompromisestosaveface,notdaringtoadmitmistaken.Sometimesinordertosaveface,peoplewould"trytolookfatbyslappingone'sfacetillit'sswollen".Whencommunicating,harmonyisthefirstconcernedthing,soevenifpeopledisagreewitheachother,theywilltendtouseasubtleandtactfulwaytosolvetheprobleminordertosavethefaceofbothsides,toavoidtheconfrontation.InWesternculture,peoplebelievethatthepersonalinterestsorpersonalbenefitsaremoreimportantthansavingface.Andpersonalvaluesshouldbeobtainedthroughinternalmeans(byeffortsofoneself),notthroughthehelpofotherpeople'sevaluationtoverify.Sopeopledonotparticularlyconcernedabouttheotherpeople’sviewsandevaluation.Whenfacingtheconflictofinterestofthemselvesandthe"face"ofothers,theywillnotconsiderotherpeople'sfeelingsandtoswallow,whattheyusuallydoischoosetosavetheirowninterests.Whentheydosomethingwrong,theyhavecouragetoadmitit,anddonotthinkitisamatteroflosingpride[4]66.4.3ThinkingmodesdifferenceWesternersfocusonspeculative,rationalanalysisandempiricalanalysis.AncientGreekscientistsregardedtheabstractthinkingandlogicalthinkingasthemostbasicmeanstounderstandorgraspthetruth.Withthedevelopmentofmodernscience,empiricalobservationdevelopsfurther.Analysisoflogicalthinkinghasbecomethewayofthinking.ThismodeofthinkingpromotesthedevelopmentofWesternscience.WhiletraditionalChinesewayofthinkingisnotbyinductivereasoning,deductivederivation,butbasedonfactorexperience.Throughtheexistingexperienceandknowledgepeopleidentifythenatureofobjectivethingsandcarryouttheoveralljudging.Chinesewayofknowingtheworldisbyinitiativefeeling[5]20.Chinesewayofthinkingisamodeofthinkinginimage,whichreferstothepsychologicalprocessinmindofmemory,comprehensiveanalysisandimageprocessing.TheChineselanguageisXiangXinglanguage,whichmeanswordsandcharacters,arepictographicideograph,payingmoreattentiontothehiddenmeaningandthesymbolicimageismoreimportantthanlanguage.TheAnglo-Americanmodeofthinkingisanalysis,thatistosay,putouttheopinionsorviewsfirst,andthenexplainbackground,conditions,reasonandmanner[19].Chinesemodeofthinkingisinanoverallway,togetherwithheaven,earthandmanandnature,societyandlife,payingattentiontotheoverallrelevance,ratherthaneachpart.Chinesepeoplealwayshavetheconsciousnessof"allthingsareintegrated",and“manisanintegralpartofnature".SuchconsciousnessreflectsintheCombinationtherapymedicaltreatmentmethod,Chinesecharacters,thestructureofduallinesandcoupletandsoon.However,theEnglishemphasizetheanalysisofeverypart[8]64.Whatismore,reactionstothecongratulationsarequitedifferent.Westernersheardthesepraisingwordswillnothesitatebutsay:"thankyou",whileChinesepeopleusuallysay,"youareoverpraisingme",whichwilloftenmakethatpersonfeelyoudoubthisjudgment.Thereisalsosomedifferenceinshowingthanks[3]150.Whensomeoneaskshowabouttoeatordrinksomething,weusuallyreply:"no","don'tbother",etc.AccordingtotheEnglishnationhabit,ifyouwanttobe,say"yes,please”,ifnotjustsay"no,thanks"[4]66.5．ThedevelopmenttrendofsocialtaboointhecontextofglobalizationInthecontextofeconomicglobalization,theintegrationofworldculturehasbecomeanirreversiblehistoricaltrend.Thewordoftheglobalvillageisnolongerfresh.Thewidelyuseoflong-distancetelephone,railway,aircraftandothertransportationmeanstogetherwiththepopularityofe-mailsandtheextensiveuseofvideoconnectionshasgreatlyshortenthedistancebetweenpeople.Theirgeographicallocationisnolongerabarrierobstacle.Withthepropagationandresearchofuniqueculturalheritage,thesocialtaboopracticesalsowillchange.Marriage,age,bodyweightisnolongerthetabooonlyconnectedwiththeWest;WesternersalsoknowthatdragonisakindofdeifiedanimalinChineseculture,ratherthanthedemon,andsoon[21]67.Usually,Chinesepeopletalkloudlywhengatheringtohavedinnerinpublicplace;whileWesternersarequietwhenhavingameal,theywouldliketolowertheirvoiceasmuchaspossiblesoasnottoaffectothers.Butnowwecanseetheblondblue-eyedforeignersinChina'stablechattingwithjokes,laughingloudlyandhappily.TheChinesepeoplealsousetheelegantrestaurantknifeandfork.Culture,theculturalregionalcharacteristicsfromtheEastandWesthavebeengraduallyweakening.Andpeopleshowgreatconcerntothesocialtaboosfromthewestandtheeastinordertoavoidunnecessarytrouble.Wealwaystrytonottoviolatethetaboosfrom