附录一构词法-【版《年高考年模拟》A版-课标版英语教师用书】课件

附录高考英语附录高考英语一、派生(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference接受accept—acceptance出现/外表appear—appearance履行perform—performance抵制resist—resistance指导guide—guidance附录一一、派生附录一2进入enter—entrance保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition毁灭destroy—destruction描写describe—description打断interrupt—interruption采纳/收养adopt—adoption防止prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决solve—solution进化evolve—evolution进入enter—entrance保险insure—ins3建议suggest—suggestion编辑/版本edit—edition展览exhibit—exhibition打算/意图intend—intention认出recognize—recognition解释/定义define—definition保护protect—protection方向/指导direct—direction指令instruct—instruction建设construct—construction注射inject—injection感染infect—infection驳斥reject—rejection反对object—objection/oppose—opposition连接connect—connection收集collect—collection纠正correct—correction视察inspect—inspection建议suggest—suggestion编辑/版本e4挑选select—selection选举elect—election限制restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留reserve—reservation保存preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation组织organize—organization文明civilize—civilization认识realize—realization考试examine—examination决定determine—determination形成form—formation通知inform—information想象imagine—imagination运输transport—transportation挑选select—selection选举elect—e5邀请invite—invitation期待expect—expectation诱惑tempt—temptation改编/适应adapt—adaptation移民immigrate—immigration模仿imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration宣布declare—declaration装饰decorate—decoration激发/灵感inspire—inspiration放松/休闲relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication占用/职业occupy—occupation邀请invite—invitation6满足satisfy—satisfaction申请/应用apply—application暗示imply—implication推荐recommend—recommendation口译/理解interpret—interpretation结合combine—combination操作/手术operate—operation犹豫hesitate—hesitation教育educate—education定位locate—location指出indicate—indication参加participate—participation计算calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation满足satisfy—satisfaction7联想/协会associate—association分离separate—separation冬眠hibernate—hibernation赔偿compensate—compensation调查investigate—investigation庆祝celebrate—celebration祝贺congratulate—congratulation翻译translate—translation积累accumulate—accumulation加速accelerate—acceleration捐赠donate—donation解放liberate—liberation动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration联想/协会associate—association8游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution分发distribute—distribution促进promote—promotion致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression印象impress—impression表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认admit—admission允许permit—permission排放emit—emission爆炸explode—explosion游行/示威demonstrate—demonstratio9结论conclude—conclusion决定decide—decision划分divide—division迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertise—advertisement同意agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement吃惊astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement安排arrange—arrangement评估assess—assessment发展develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment雇用/就业employ—employment结论conclude—conclusion决定deci10鼓舞encourage—encouragement款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment装备equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement投资invest—investment卷入involve—involvement管理manage—management惩罚punish—punishment要求require—requirement退休retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述state—statement对待/治疗treat—treatment鼓舞encourage—encouragement11以……为基础/地下室base—basement人行道pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness盲目blind—blindness冷静calm—calmness聪明clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness渴望eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness愚蠢foolish—foolishness适合fit—fitness幸福/愉快happy—happiness疾病ill—illness友好kind—kindness以……为基础/地下室base—basement12懒惰lazy—laziness孤独lonely—loneliness宁静quiet—quietness悲伤sad—sadness严重性serious—seriousness甜美sweet—sweetness稳定steady—steadiness厚度thick—thickness累tired—tiredness弱点weak—weakness冷/冷淡cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡homesick—homesickness粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—selfishness无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:懒惰lazy—laziness孤独lonely—lon13婚姻marry—marriage短缺short—shortage储存store—storage包裹pack—package车厢carry—carriage通道pass—passage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warm—warmth真理true—truth死亡dead—death成长grow—growth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐please—pleasure离开depart—departure暴露expose—exposure压力press—pressure失败fail—failure混合mix—mixture签名sign—signature(8)-ce结尾的名词:婚姻marry—marriage短缺short—shor14adj.—n.缺席absent—absence出席present—presence信心confident—confidence方便convenient—convenience不同different—difference勤奋diligent—diligence远的/距离distant—distance明显的/证据evident—evidence优秀excellent—excellence重要important—importance独立independent—independence天真/无辜innocent—innocence智力intelligent—intelligence公正just—justice耐心patient—patience浪漫romantic—romanceadj.—n.15沉默silent—silence暴力violent—violencev.—n.冒犯offend—offence防御defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)建议advise—advice设施devise—device(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由free—freedom王国king—kingdom智慧wise—wisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:沉默silent—silence暴力violent—vi16所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings问候greetings所有权ownership锦标赛championship17储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦sufferings贡品offerings环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.—adj.阳光灿烂的sun—sunny多雨的rain—rainy被雪覆盖的snow—snowy有风的wind—windy有暴风雨的storm—stormy寒冷的chill—chilly储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings18多雾的fog—foggy有霜的frost—frosty冰冷的ice—icy阴沉的gloom—gloomy布满星星的star—starry泥泞的mud—muddy布满灰尘的dust—dusty脏的dirt—dirty健康的health—healthy富有的wealth—wealthy霸道的boss—bossy臭的smell—smelly美味的taste—tasty咸的salt—salty皮包骨的skin—skinny贪婪的greed—greedy迅速的speed—speedy狡猾的/棘手的trick—trickyv.—adj.爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky多雾的fog—foggy有霜的frost—frosty19黏的stick—sticky悦耳易记的catch—catchy害怕的scare—scary滑溜的slip—slippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.→adj.全球的globe—global文化的culture—cultural农业的agriculture—agricultural情景的situation—situational有条件的condition—conditional环境的environment—environmental化学的chemistry—chemical医学的medicine—medical黏的stick—sticky20原始的origin—original政治的politics—political实际的practice—practical理论的theory—theoretical音乐的music—musical感情的emotion—emotional国家的nation—national自然的nature—natural个人的person—personal偶尓的occasion—occasional精神上的mind—mental身体上的physics—physical偶然的accident—accidental原始的origin—original政治的politic21教育的education—educational技术上的technique—technical心理上的psychology—psychological沿海的coast—coastal种族的race—racial面部的face—facial工业的industry—industrial金融的finance—financial商业的commerce—commercial官方的office—official有益的benefit—beneficial典型的type—typical有影响的influence—influential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thank—thankful=grateful充足的plenty—plentiful美丽的beauty—beautiful教育的education—educational22成功的success—successful可怕的awe—awful忠实的faith—faithful和平的peace—peaceful高兴的joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot—spotless无休止的end—endless无家可归的home—homeless无工作的job—jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny—penniless无私的self—selfless=unselfish无目标的aim—aimless无线的wire—wireless无限的limit—limitless珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable成功的success—successful可怕的awe—23毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—worthless无语的speech—speechless上气不接下气的breath—breathless小心的,粗心的care—careful,careless多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless有用的,无用的use—useful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—wo24闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的help—helpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的thought—thoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.—adj.许多的number—numerous多山的mountain—mountainous冒险的adventure—adventurous紧张的nerve—nervous有毒的poison—poisonous危险的danger—dangerous闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restle25灾难的disaster—disastrous小心的caution—cautious营养的nutrition—nutritious宗教的religion—religious宽敞的space—spacious有抱负的ambition—ambitious神秘的mystery—mysterious(5)-able,-(s)ible结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的predict—(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid—(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable灾难的disaster—disastrous小心的cau26(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable(不)可信的believe—(un)believable(不)可信的credit—(in)credible(不)可接近的access—(in)accessible看(不)见的view—(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable支付得起的afford—affordable适应力强的adapt—adaptable可更新的renew—renewable便携的port—portable(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable27多变的change—changeable可吃的eat—eatable可依靠的rely—reliable可行的work—workable有价值的value—valuable合理的reason—reasonable高兴的enjoy—enjoyable流行的fashion—fashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.—adj.多产的produce—productive迷人的attract—attractive有创造力的create—creative多变的change—changeable28保护的protect—protective预防性的prevent—preventative健谈的talk—talkative可供替代的alter—alternative相关的relate—relative有教育意义的instruct—instructive有竞争力的compete—competitiven.—adj.有效的effect—effective贵的expense—expensive(7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的system—systematic科学的science—scientific戏剧般的drama—dramatic浪漫的romance—romantic保护的protect—protective29有同情心的sympathy—sympathetic精力充沛的energy—energetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的wool—woolen金色的gold—golden木制的wood—wooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的hand—handsome令人惊叹的awe—awesome令人烦恼的trouble—troublesome烦人的tire—tiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的dead—deadly活跃的live—lively有同情心的sympathy—sympathetic30友好的friend—friendly兄弟般的brother—brotherly有次序的order—orderly昂贵的cost—costly每月的month—monthly每天的day—daily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化pure—purify简化simple—simplify美化beautiful—beautify使合理化just—justify使恐惧terrible—terrify使震惊horrible—horrify合格化quality—qualify分类class—classify认出identity—identify(2)-ize结尾的动词:友好的friend—friendly31adj.—v.认识到real—realize使现代化modern—modernize使工业化industrial—industrialize使普及popular—popularize集权central—centralize使全球化global—globalize使理想化ideal—idealize使稳定stable—stabilize使正常化normal—normalize社会化social—socialize使专门化special—specializen.—v.使物质化material—materializeadj.—v.32总结summary—summarize记忆memory—memorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗dark—darken加快quick—quicken削尖sharp—sharpen削弱weak—weaken松开loose—loosen变紧tight—tighten软化soft—soften使更明亮bright—brighten恶化bad—worsen减少little—lessen减轻/变亮light—lighten变黑black—blacken加宽broad—broaden缩短short—shortenadj.—n.—v.加深deep—depth—deepen总结summary—summarize33加长long—length—lengthen加宽wide—width—widen加高high—height—heighten加强strong—strength—strengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.—v.洗澡bath—bathe呼吸breath—breathe给……穿衣cloth—clothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn加长long—length—lengthen34人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力refresh改革reform复习review3.前的fore-:预告foretell前额forehead预报forecast预知foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告predict人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome35战前的pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统ex-president6.后的post-:战后的post-war研究生postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural多项选择的multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications战前的pre-war幼儿园preschool36望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically12.副的vice-:副总统vice-president副总理vice-premier望远镜telescope3713.生态的eco-:生态学ecology生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化Sinopec15.潜/次一级sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的subtropical地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的semi-skilled半决赛semi-final17.三tri-:13.生态的eco-:38三轮车tricycle三角形triangle18.横跨trans-:转移transfer转变transform传播transmit移植transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced随便的informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent三轮车tricycle三角形triangle39不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不合适的improper/inappropriate40不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress打开unfold卸车unload开……的锁unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular41消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露disclose发现discover不同意disagree不同意disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错misspell不信任mistrust5.anti-消失disappear不鼓励discourage42防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-JapaneseWar反社会的antisocial6.de-降级degrade减少decrease贬值devalue解冻defrost毁林deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreez43非法得到的ill-gotten不健康illhealth8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip废话nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生资源non-renewableresources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree无利息的interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的waterproof防震的shockproof二、转化非法得到的ill-gotten不健康illhealt44(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)Hebackedhiscarintothegarage.支持(v.)Youarenotalone,andweareallbackingyou.背后(n.)She

sthekindofpersonwhotalksaboutyoubehindyourback.2.领导(v.)Heheadedtherebellion.使……对着某处行进(v.)Heheadedhisboatfortheshore.头(n.)Hewasshotinthehead,dead.3.缺乏(v.)Ilackwordswithwhichtoexpressmythanks.缺乏(n.)Lackofproperfundingismakingourjobmoredifficult.(二)动词与形容词的转换:如:1.越过(v.)Thedogsucceededinclearingthefence.清理(v.)Heclearedthetablebytakingplates,forksandknivesaway.(一)动词与名词的转换:45清楚的(adj.)Tomakeyourselfclearwithoutusingfacialexpressionscanbe

verydifficult.2.打扫(v.)Yourshoesneedcleaning.干净的(adj.)Trytokeepyourroomcleanandtidy.3.意味着(v.)Whatdoyoumeanbysayingthat?吝啬的(adj.)Hehasalwaysbeenmeanwithhismoney.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井well好的/罚款fine公平的/展览会fair主要的/首领chief耐心的/病人patient安全的/保险箱safe坚定的/公司firm稳定的/马厩stable相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain清楚的(adj.)Tomakeyourselfclea46满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete三、合成1.合成形容词(1)adj.+presentparticiple漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going长相一般的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+presentparticiple永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-sellinggoods=bestseller(3)adv.+pastparticiple著名的well-known新婚的newly-married满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete47本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related广泛接受的widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的strongly-built高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的densely-populated正式发行的officially-released正式承认的officially-recognized(4)n.+presentparticiple省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firm48伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving令人垂涎的mouth-watering赢利的profit-making(5)n.+pastparticiple国营的state-owned由衷的heartfelt人造的man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的weather-beaten国产的home-made一贫如洗的poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breath49政府支持的government-backed(6)n.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentally-friendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded政府支持的government-backed50(8)n.+-ed详细的detail—detailed有