淄博某厂房及配工程施工组织设计轻钢结构中英文对照

目录ContentTOC\o"1-2"\h\z\uHYPERLINK(GB50026-93)requirements.Theproject'selevationcontrolnetworkusesthird-classstandardofmeasurementmethods1234123456闭合导线图（2）主要技术要求(2)majorrequirements:等级每千米高差全中误差（mm）各线长度（km）水准仪型号水准尺观测次数往返较差、附合或环线闭合差(平地)与已知点联测附合或环线三等6≤5S3双面往返各一次往返各一次12基坑高程测量FoundationLeveling1）根据已布设的标准现场水准网控制点，采用高精度的水准仪在基坑四周布置标高传递基准点，以此点控制基坑的开挖标高。在基坑开挖过程中，为了做到心中有数，在基坑壁上每1m设置一个控制标高。1)Accordingtothestandardslaidatthesceneofthestandardcontrolnetwork,usinghigh-precisionlevelinthefoundationarrangedaroundtheelevationoftransmissionreferencepoint,usingthatpointtocontroltheexcavationpitelevation.Inthecourseofexcavation,inthefoundationwallsofevery1m,wesetupacontrolelevation2）基底标高的控制：为了保证不超挖，在距基底设计标高0.5m处测设一标高，并抄出标高水平线，以此标高线来控制基坑挖土深度。2)Theelevationofthebasementcontrol:Inordertopreventoverdigging,wesetupatestelevation,0.5mfromthebasementfromthedesignelevationandwritedownthehorizontallinesoastocontrolthelineofearth-movingdepthofthepit.结构工程施工测量StructuralEngineeringConstructionSurvey1）基础结构的平面控制1)Onthegroundfloorofthestructureofthecontrolplane（1）采用极坐标法，先在基础承台垫层上引测建筑物轴线交点，然后根据基础平面图弹出所有轴线及建筑物外边线。（2）将轴线控制点外移至基坑边，并设置木桩做为地下结构的平面控制点，该平面控制点与控制轴线网进行轴线位置的复核，其误差不超过±3mm。（3）（4）每一层平面或每一施工段的轴线测设完后，必须进行自检合格后填写报检单，并附报验内容的测量成果表，以便能及时验证各轴线的正确性。(4)Eachlevelsorconstructionofeachsectionofthetestsetupaftertheendoftheaxismustbequalifiedtocarryoutself-testaftercompletingthesingleinspection,withinspectionofthecontentsofthemeasurementresultstable,inatimelymannerinordertobeabletoverifythecorrectnessoftheaxis（5）基础验线时，允许偏差如下表：（5）allowances:轴线长度(L)允许偏差国家标准(mm)内控标准(mm)L≤30m±5±330m<L≤90m±10±860m<L≤90m±15±1290m<l±20±182）轴线控制业主提供定位桩（或红线桩）及成果一份。根据建筑物的分布情况，现场布设矩形控制网（I级），矩形控制网的主要技术要求见下表：矩形控制网的主要技术要求等级边长（m）测角中误差边长相对误差一级100-3005″≤1/30000采用激光经纬仪J2，测角中误差2″，50m钢尺测距。矩形控制网的布设（定位）原则和方法：（1）控制点点位选择在通视良好、易于长期保存的地方。（2）依据场区总平面及轴线关系图，参考场区临建规划、建筑物外轮廓及场区现有的地物地貌，进行场区矩形控制网规划，并布设矩形控制网。首先在各定位桩（或红线桩）架设仪器，采用极坐标方法布设四角点，经过观测、平差、调整，固定矩形控制网，然后采用内分法，根据建筑物轴线关系及施工段的划分定出各主要轴线方向桩。各主要轴线控制桩布置图暂略。（3）地上部分各层施工时的轴线传递，采取轴线投测法，将经纬仪安置在轴线控制桩上，后视墙底部的轴线标点，用正倒镜取中的方法，将轴线投到上层楼板边缘上，当轴线投到上层楼板上后，要用钢尺实量其间距作为校核，其相对误差控制在1/2000以内。3）高程和垂直度控制3)standardandverticaldeviationcontrol标高的传递以钢尺进行，且要求每层自基准点核查一次，且高程传递不少于3点完成传递后，联测各点，取平均值作为此次传递的标高值，将误差控制在下列范围以内：水平偏差：每层±10mm，累计偏差≤20mm。Standarddeviation：每层±10mm,totaldeviation≤20mm。垂直偏差：≤1/1000h，且总偏差≤10mm。Verticaldeviation：≤1/1000h,totaldeviation≤10mm土方开挖Excavation本工程土方工程开挖顺序按照由北向南，每栋仓库分为四端施工。Earthworkexcavationoftheprojectinaccordancewiththeorderfromnorthtosouth,Eachwarehouseisdividedintofour-terminalconstruction1)挖前准备1)Excavationpreparation（1）技术准备：在施工前通知测量人员作好技术准备，以保证施工的准确性和效率要求。施工前技术负责人向所有参加的施工人员进行有针对性的技术交底，必须使每个操作者对施工的要求和步骤清楚明了。(1)Thetechnicalpreparation:pre-constructionsurveyingstaffreadytoinformthetechnicalpreparationstoensuretheaccuracyandefficiencyoftheconstructionrequirements.Pre-constructiontechniquestothepersoninchargeofallpersonnelparticipatingintheconstructionoftargetedtechnicalexplanation,wemustmakeeveryoperatoroftheconstructionrequirementsandhaveaclearunderstandingofthesteps.（2）按图纸要求进行定位放线，将建筑物轮廓线明显标于场地，并在基坑外设置固定点，并抄测场地标高并记录。(2)DrawingsrequestedbyPositioning,andoutlinethebuildingsonthesiteclearlymarked.Copyandrecordthetestsiteelevation（3）开挖时为防止雨水流向基坑，在上部应有可靠的排水措施，如采取倒坡措施等。(3)Whenexcavatingforthefoundationtopreventtheflowofrainwater,intheupperdrainagemeasuresshouldbereliable,suchastheslopedowntotakemeasures.（4）通行：提前办好车辆所需的通行证，并负责在施工前对所有司机进行安全教育。(4)Passage:Applythepassesofthevehicleinadvanceandresponsibleforallpre-constructionsafetyeducationfordrivers.（5）环卫市容：提前办理环卫市容的一切相应手续。(5)Thecitysanitation:Sanitationadvancedforallappropriateprocedures.（6）扰民：提前解决好夜间施工以及施工扰民问题.(6)Disturbing:night-timeconstructionaheadofscheduletoresolvetheissueaswellastheconstructionofanuisance（7）渣土清纳：土方运往指定场地。(7)Muddeliverytothedesignatedsites2)开挖2)Excavation1）采用1.5立方米挖掘机好小挖机配合开挖的方案。1)Useof1.5cubicmetersexcavatorsdiggingmachine.2）开挖标高至设计垫层顶+100mm高，留200厚人工随清随运。3）开挖后立即按钎探方案进行钎探，并作好钎探记录。4）凡遇地质变化情况，应立即通知业主、监理和设计院，待处理方案后立即进行施工。4)Inanycaseinwhichthegeologicalchanges,shallimmediatelynotifytheowners,anddesignsupervision,tobedealtwithimmediatelyaftertheconstructionprogram5）土方开挖过程中发现文物、古墓、古建筑、化石及钱币等有考古、地质研究等价值的物品时，及时通知业主现场代表，并报告有关部门和采取有效保护措施。5)Excavationofearthrelics,ancienttombs,ancientbuildings,fossilsandcoins,andsotherearearchaeological,geologicalstudies,suchasthevalueofthegoods,inatimelymannertoinformtheownersonbehalfofthesceneandtherelevantdepartmentsofthereportandtakeeffectiveprotectionmeasures.6）严格禁止挖掘机碰撞损伤工程桩。要安排专人监督、看护，宁肯人工多挖土，也要防止机械损伤工程桩的事情发生。6)Collisiondamageisstrictlyforbiddenexcavatorpileworks.Toarrangesupervision,care,rathermoreartificialearth-moving,butalsopreventmechanicaldamageofthepileisgoingtohappen.7）渣土车辆出场时，大门口安排专人冲洗车辆，不得带泥出大门，大门口铺设麻袋或彩条布，避免污染市政道路；同时安排专人清扫市政马路，保持文明施工。7)Whenvehiclesexitthegate,arrangepersonnelwashthevehicles.Vehiclescannotgooutwithmud,thegatelayingclothsacksorcolorarticletoavoidcontaminationofmunicipalroad.Atthesametimearrangepersonnelsweepingmunicipalroadsandmaintainthecivilizedconstruction.3、回填3.Backfilling1）填土采用应采用砂土、粉土或粘性土回填，并控制土的含水率在最优含水量Wop±2％范围内。1)Mudfillingshouldbeusedsand,siltorclaybackfill,andcontrolofsoilmoistureintheoptimumwatercontentWop±2%.2）采用振动夯实机分层夯实，每层300mm厚。打夯要按一定方向进行，一夯压半夯，夯夯相接，行行相连，两遍纵横交叉，分层夯打。夯实基槽时，行夯路线应由四边开始，然后再夯向中间。2)Vibrationmachineusedsolidfoundationlayered,each300mmthick.Rammedtheroadtripshouldbestartedfoursides,andthentotheraminthemiddle.3）地梁两侧应同时夯填，防止地梁损伤。3)Bothsidesofthebeamshouldbefilledtampingtopreventdamagetobeam4、质量控制与检验4.Qualitycontrolandinspection1）在夯实之后，要对每层回填土的质量进行检验，一般采用环刀法，取样测定土的干密度，求出土的密实度。1)Inlayasolidfoundation,tofillthebackofeachqualityinspection,thegeneraluseofring-blade,thedrylandsamplingdeterminationofdensity.2）填土压实后，干密度达到94%。2)Compactedsoil,drydensityreach94%.5、安全措施5.Safety1）编制土方施工方案和安全技术交底。1)Constructionoftheestablishmentandsecuritytechnologyexplanation.2）对土方施工人员进行安全技术交底，交底采用文字形式，双方在交底记录上签字，归档到安全保证体系资料中。2)Constructionofthesecuritypersonnelinthetechnicalexplanation,theexplanationintheformofwords,thetwosidessignedtherecordoftheexplanation,thefilingsystemtoensurethesecurityofinformation3）由于开挖较深，机械开挖时，挖土机离边坡应有一定的安全距离，以防塌方，造成翻机事故。3)Asthedeepexcavation,diggingmachinesexcavatorsfromtheslopeshouldbeasafedistancetopreventlandslides,causedbyaircraftovertheincident.4）基坑开挖后，沿基坑设置安全防护栏杆，主要入口处设置门卫保卫人员和警示牌，严格禁止非施工人员出入。4)Aftertheexcavation,thefoundationsetupalongthesecurityfence,themainentrancetosetupguardsandwarningsigns,strictprohibitionofaccesstonon-constructionpersonnel.5）基坑开挖后应立即浇筑混凝土垫层，减少土方暴露时间。5)Immediatelyaftertheexcavationlayerofconcretepoured,toreducetheexposuretime7.2土建结构工程7.2Civilandstructuralworks钢筋工程Reinforcementworks1）工程简述Projectoverview钢筋工程是保证工程抗震和结构安全的关键分项工程，又是一项细致而复杂的工程，必须层层严加管理，道道工序严加过程控制。Reinforcementworksisacritical,painstakingandcomplexsubdivisionalworkstoensureaseismicperformanceandstructuralsafety.Therefore,levelbylevelmanagementandprocesscontrolofeachworkingprocedureshallbeguaranteed.2）钢筋的配料Reinforcementarranagement钢筋配料是根据设计图中构件配筋图，先绘出各种形状和规格的单根钢筋简图并加以编号，然后分别计算钢筋下料长度和根数，填写配料单，经审查无误后，方可以对此钢筋进行下料加工，所以一个正确的配料单不仅是钢筋加工、成型准确的保证，同时在钢筋安装不会出现钢筋端部伸不到位，锚固长度不够等问题，从而保证钢筋工程的质量。因此需对钢筋配料工作必须认真审查，严格把关。Sketchofeachsinglereinforcingbarofdifferentshapesandspecsshallbeplottedandnumbered.Lengthofeachreinforcingbarandrelevantpiecesthereofshallbecalculated.Thereafter,reinforcementarrangementsheetshallbefilledoutandreviewed.Acorrectsheetshallguaranteepreformingofeachsinglereinforcingbarandqualityofreinforcementworksduringexecution.Hence,sucharrangementworkshallbemeticulouslychecked.3）钢筋的下料与加工Cuttingoffandpreformingofrebar本工程的所有钢筋的下料及加工成型，全部在施工现场进行。这样可长短搭配，合理下料，能提高钢筋的成材率。Cuttingandpreformingofallrebarsrequiredforthisprojectshallbedoneinfabricationareaonsite.Bysuchdoing,theshortmaybecollaboratedwiththelongandreasonablecuttingmaybeachievedtoincreaserebarutilizationrate.A、钢筋除锈：钢筋的表面应洁净，所以在钢筋下料前必须进行除锈，将钢筋上的油渍、漆污和用锤敲击时能剥落的浮皮、铁锈清除干净。Rebarderusting:rebarsurfaceshallbeclean.Hence,rebarshallbederustedbeforecutting.Oil,paint,rindpuffingandrustshallbecompletelyremoved.Derustingofcoiledrebarshallbecompletedwhenitiscoldrolledandstraightened;twistedsteelshallbederustedwithself-madeelectricrustremover,whichshallbemountedwithdustcollectortopreventpersonalinjuryorenvironmentalpollution.B、钢筋调直：全部箍筋采用外加工。Straightening:allhoopreinforcementsshallbeprefabricated.C、钢筋切断：钢筋切断设备主要有钢筋切断机和无齿锯等，将根据钢筋直径的大小和具体情况进行选用。Rebarcutting:rebarshallbecutprimarilywithrebarcutterandtoothlesssaw,dependingondiameterandactualconditionsofrebar.D、切断工艺：将同规格钢筋根据长度进行长短搭配，统筹排料。一般应先断长料，后断短料，减少短头，减少损耗。断料应避免用短尺量长料，防止在量料中产生积累误差，为此宜在工作台上标出尺寸刻度线，并设置控制断料尺寸用的档板。在切断过程中，如发现钢筋劈裂、缩头或严重的弯头等必须切除。Cuttingprocess:rebarsofidenticalspecsshallbeoverlappedbylength.Normally,longoneshallbefollowedbyshortonewhencuttingtodecreaseshortendsandwaste.Shorttapeshallneverbeusedtomeasurelongrebars.Duringcuttingperiod,incaseofsuchfailuresascrack,contractedendorseriousbends,therebarshallberejected.E、质量要求：钢筋的断口不能有马蹄形或起弯现象。钢筋长度应力求准确，其允许偏差±10mm。Qualityrequirements:regularcuttingendandcorrectlengthshallbeguaranteed,andthetolerancethereofshallbe±10mm.4）弯曲成型BendingA、弯曲设备：钢筋弯曲成型主要利用钢筋弯曲机和手动弯曲工具配合共同完成。Bendingmachinery:steelbenderandmanualbendingtoolsshallbeused.B、弯曲成型工艺：钢筋弯曲前，对形状复杂的钢筋，根据配料单上标明的尺寸，用石笔将各弯曲点位置划出。划出工作宜从钢筋中线开始向两边进行；若为两边不对称钢筋时，也可以从钢筋一端开始划线，如划到另一端有出入时，则应重新调整。经对划线钢筋的各尺寸复核无误后，即可进行加工成型。Bendingandmolding:beforebending,rebarofcomplexshapeshallbeindicatedwithsizeasperchargersheet,andpositionsofbendingpointsshallbelinedoutwithslatepencil.Lineationworksispreferredtobestartedfromthemiddletobothsides,ifrebarsatbothsidesareasymmetrical,lineationmayalsostartedfromoneside.Ifthereisdiscrepancywhenreachestheotherside,adjustmentshallbedone.Aftersizeofrebardbeinglineatedisrecheckedasqualified,machiningandmoldingmaybestarted.C、质量要求：钢筋在弯曲成型加工时，必须形状正确，平面上无翘曲不平整现象。箍筋末端弯钩的净空直径不小于钢筋直径的2.5倍。钢筋弯曲点处不能有裂缝，因此对II级钢筋不能弯过头再弯回来。钢筋弯曲成型后的允许偏差为：钢筋全长±5mm。Qualityrequirements:rebarbeingbent,machinedormoldedmusthavecorrectshapeandonplane,thereshallhavenowarporunevennessphenomenon.Clearancediameterofhookatrebarendshallnotlessthan2.5timesoftherebar’sdiameter.Thebendingpointoftherebarcannothavecrack.Therefore,GradeIIrebarshallnotbeoverbentandbentback.Toleranceaftermoldedrebarshallbe±10mmfortotallengthand±5mmforsidelength.5）钢筋接头Joints钢筋接头是整个钢筋工程中的一个重要环节，接头的好坏是保证钢筋能否正常受力的关键。因此，对钢筋接头形式应认真选择，选择的原则是：可靠方便、经济，本工程将根据具体情况进行选择如下：Rebarjointsshallbecriticaltoguaranteereinforcementstress.Jointpatternsshallbeselectedonreliable,convenienceandcost-efficientprinciples.A、接头形式：Jointpatterns:梁：采用闪光对焊连接为主、搭接为辅。Foundationsoleplate:shallbemainlyweldedbyflashbuttweldingtechniqueandoverlappedweldingshallbeusedifnecessary.柱：全部采用机械连接。column:shallallbemechanicallyconnected.6）钢筋的堆放Storage本工程所有钢筋在现场成型后，应选择合适的堆放位置，堆放场地应坚硬、平整，并铺设方木，防止钢筋污染和变形。成型的钢筋，应按其规格、直径大小及钢筋形成的不同，分别进行堆放整齐，并挂标志牌，现场应做到整洁清晰，便于查找和使用。Afterpreformingofallreinforcingsteels,theyshallbestoredatproperlocation,whichshallberigidandleveledoffandunderlaidbysquretimberpieces.Thepreformedreinforcingsteelsshallbecategorizedbyspec,diameterandshapeandidentifiedtofacilitateindexingandconsumption.7）钢筋的绑扎与安装PlacementandcolligationofreinforcementA、准备工作：钢筋绑扎前，应核对成品钢筋的钢号、直径、形状、尺寸和数量等是否与配料单相符。如有错漏，应纠正增补：划出钢筋位置线：为了使钢筋安装方便，位置正确，应先划出钢筋位置线。Preparationworks:Checksteelgrade,diameter,shape,sizeandquantityforconformanceofarrangementsheet.根据本工程的具体情况，墙筋在其竖筋上划点；楼板筋在模板上划线；柱箍筋在四根对称竖向筋上划点；梁的箍筋在立筋上划点。Reinforcementlocationsshallbeidentified:pointsshallbemadeonlongitudinalreinforcementforwall,lineshallbemadeonformworkforfloorreinforcement,pointsshallbemadeonsymmetricallongitudinallreinforcementforcolumns;pointsonhorizontalreinforcementforbeamsshallbemade.准备足够数量的水泥垫块，以保证钢筋的保护层厚度。Sufficientcementseatpadsshallbepreparedtoensurereinforcementprotectivethickness.B、框架柱钢筋的绑扎：Colligationofreinforcementsteelsforstructuralcolumns框架柱的竖向筋采用机械连接，其接头应相互错开，同一截面的接头率不大于25%。下层柱筋露出楼面部分，在楼面上应扎一道箍筋。柱箍筋位置必须准确，箍筋加密的范围应符合设计要求。柱筋扎完后，应安装塑料垫块。Verticalreinforcementofstructurualcolumnsshallbemechanicallyconnectedandthejointsshallstaggertoeachotherandjointrateontheidenticalsectionshallnotexceed25%.Ahoopreinforcementshallbecolligatedontheexposedpartofthelowercolumnreinforcement.Columnreinforcementmustbecorrectlylocatedandreinforcementintensifyingrangeshallmeetdesignrequirement.Aftercolligationofcolumnreinforcement,cushionblockshallbeplaced.C、楼层梁板钢筋的绑扎：Colligationofrebarsforbeamslab梁纵向筋采用双排列时，两排钢筋之间应垫以直径≥25mm的短钢筋，保持其设计距离。箍筋接头应交错布置在架立钢筋上。梁箍筋加密范围必须符合设计要求。Longitudinalstressedrebarshall,whenarrangedindoublelayers,befilledwithshortrebarwithdiameternolessthan25mm,tomaintainitsdesignspacing.Stirrupjointsshallbeplacedalternativelyontwoauxiliarysteelbars.Intensifyingscopeofbeamstirrupmustconformtodesignrequirements板的钢筋绑扎与基础相同，但应注意板上的负筋，应加密马凳绑牢，以防止被踩下。另外板上负筋必须与梁的两根架立筋扎牢（有梁时），以防移位。Colligationofslabreinforcementshallbethesameasfoundation.However,attentionshouldbepaidtonegativereinforcementattheupperpartoftheslabtopreventcollapseColligationofslabreinforcementshallbethesameasfoundation.However,attentionshouldbepaidtonegativereinforcementattheupperpartoftheslabtopreventcollapse.Furthermore,negativereinforcementmustbesecurelycolligatedwithtwoerectedverticalrebardofbeam(ifany)topreventdisplacement.在板、次梁和主梁交叉处。应板筋在上、次梁钢筋居中，主梁的钢筋在下。Attheintersectionofbeam,secondarybeamandgirder,reinforcementforslabshallbekeptattheupperside,thatforsecondarybeamatthemiddleandthatforgirderatthelowerside.8）钢筋质量检查Reinforcementqualityinspection根据设计图纸检查钢筋的钢号、直径、根数、间距是否正确，特别要注意检查负筋的位置；Checksteelgrade,diameter,numberofpiecesandspaceofreinforcementagainstdesigndrawingsandlocationofnegativereinforcementshallbeparticularlychecked.检查钢筋接头的位置及搭接长度是否符合设计要求；Locationandoverlappinglengthofjointsshallbecheckedagainstdesignrequirements.检查钢筋绑扎是否牢固，有松动变化现象；Reinforcementcolligationshallbecheckedfortightness.钢筋的保护层是否符合要求；Reinforcementprotectivecoatingshallbecheckedforconformance.9）钢筋工程施工质量措施Engineeringqualitycontrolmeasuresforreinforcementworks钢筋工程要重点加强的管理环节和质量控制有：Thefollowingpointsshallbefollowed:坚持设计交底，认真审核和熟悉施工图纸；Stickingtodesignclarificationandreviewandacquaintanceofconstructiondrawings;严把钢材采购、进场和复试质量关；Keepingstrictpassofpurchasing,deliveryandretestingofsteelmaterials;钢筋半成品质量控制（包括钢筋调直、平直工序，钢筋切断下料，钢筋弯曲成型）；Qualitycontrolofsemifinishedsteelproducts(includingstraightening,aligning,cutting,bendingandpreformingofreinforcementsteels).钢筋接头选用形式和设置接头范围；Jointpatternandlocations.钢筋连接接头质量；Qualityofjoints.（6）钢筋绑扎与安装质量控制。具体做法如下：Qualitycontrolofreinforcementcolligationandplacement.Refertothefollowingfordetails:A、质量控制：Qualitycontrol:对于在主体结构中起核心作用的钢筋工程，必须在施工的全过程中采取动态控制，严格的执行“三检制”，认真的跟踪检查，其重点控制的内容为：Dynamic“three-inspectionsystem”shallbestrictlyexecutedduringexectionperiod.Focusshallbeplacedonthefollowing:钢筋的长度：认真的审查钢筋的配料单，保证钢筋下料长度符合设计要求。Length:arrangmentsheetshallbecarefullyexaminedtoensurerebarcuttinglengthconformtodesignrequirements.钢筋的锚固：审查配料单保证钢筋的弯折长度符合设计要求；现场检查钢筋的安装位置。Anchoring:examinearrangementsheettoensurebendinglengthofrebarconformtodesignrequirements;installationplaceshallbecheckedonsite.钢筋的接头：接头的位置、搭接长度符合设计要求。Jointing:jointplaceandoverlappinglengthshallconformtodesignrequirements.钢筋的位置：钢筋间距、纵向筋的两端伸到位。Placeofrebar:spacebetweenrebar,bothendsoflongitudinalrebarshallreachtheirdueplace.抗震的要求：箍的弯钩的角度和长度，审查配料单把关，梁柱箍筋加密范围符合设计要求。Aseismicrequirement:holdingstrictpassofangleandlengthofbendinghookofthehoopandexaminearrangementsheet,theintensifyingscopeoflateralreinforcementforbeamsandcolumnsshallconformtodesignrequirements.钢筋在加工过程中，如发现脆断，焊接性能不良或力学性能显著不正常等现象，应通报技术人员处理，此批钢筋应停止加工和使用。Incaseofbrittlefailure,badweldingperformanceorsignificantabnormalofmechanicalpropertyduringmachining,rebarofthecurrentbatchshallbestoppedformachiningandusing.B、钢筋的质量要求Reinforcementqualityrequirements钢筋进场应有出厂质量证明书或试验报告单，钢筋表面或每捆（盘）钢筋应有标识。钢筋进场时，应按炉罐（批）及钢筋直径分批进行检验。依据规范要求，同炉罐号、同规格、同直径的钢筋每60t为一检验批量；如果一次进场钢筋不足一个批量，也应按一个批量进行检验，对钢筋质量必须严格把关，以确保工程质量。Reinforcementsteelsshallbedeliveredtothesitetogetherwithconformitycertificateortestreportandidentificationplates.Thereafter,theyshallbeinspectedbybatched.Asspecifiedinthespecification,reinforcementsteelsofidenticalfurnacenumber,specsanddiametershallbecheckedbybatchesevery60t.Incaseabatchislessthan60tons,itshallalsobecheckedasabatch.钢筋检验的内容如下：Reinforcementinspectionshallbedoneasfollowing:外观检查：钢筋进场时应随机抽样进行外观检查，钢筋的表面不能有裂纹、结疤、劈裂现象、颗粒状或片状老锈，否则会影响到钢筋在混凝土中的握裹力，所以此钢筋不能在工程中使用。Visualinspection:reinforcementsteelsurfaceshallberandomcheckedforcracks,scars,cleavagecrack,granulatedorflakydust.Thedefectiveonesshallneverbeusedonthisproject.钢筋检验：检查钢筋在外观检查合格后，必须进行其力学性能检验。在一批钢筋中采用随机方法取出两根钢筋，先切除端部，然后在每根钢筋上截取两个试件进行冷拉和冷弯试验。当试验结果中有一项不合格时，应在从同一批钢筋中其取双倍数量的试件重新作力学试验。如果试验全部合格，则该批钢筋判定为合格；如仍有一个试件不合格，则该批量钢筋应判定为不合格钢材，应立即清除出场，以免错用给工程造成隐患。Reinforcecmentinspection:aftervisualinspection,reinforcementsteelsshallbecheckedforphysicalproperty.Takingtwosteelsoutofabatch,cuttingtheirendsoff,andthentakingtwotestingpiecesfromeachsteelforcolddrawingandcoldbendingtests.Incaseoffailure,doublenumberofsteelsshallbechecked.Ifallmemberspassthetest,thecurrentbatchshallbecertifiedasqualified.Incaseoneofthemfails,thebatchinquestionshallbecertifiedasdisqualifiedandremovedfromthesite.砼工程Concreteworks混凝土的输送和浇捣，施工之前首先做好搅拌站的搅拌能力、质量、资质、信誉度等的考察，选择各方面较好的搅拌站。预防混凝土碱集料反映技术措施按设计考虑。混凝土规程质量是建筑物结构质量非做好反映，是工程整体结构质量的最终综合体现，所以必须要强化混凝土质量的过程控制。Beforeselectingconcretemixingstation,itsmixingcapacity,quality,credentialandreputationshallbereviewedandtheoutstandingoneshallbechoosen.In-processqualitycontrolofconcreteshallbeenhanced.2）混凝土浇筑方案Concreteplacementplann本工程基础结构的承台、短柱，框架结构等的混凝土浇筑。Concreteforcushioncap,shortcolumnandframestructuresofthisprojectshallbeplaced.地下结构每一个施工段施工工艺流程如下：Constructionproceduresofundergroundstructures:放线→基础地梁、承台挖土→垫层混凝土浇筑→浇筑承台、地梁混凝土→短柱钢筋绑扎→回填土施工→垫层施工→搭设满堂红脚手架→支设柱模板→浇筑短柱混凝土→浇筑框架柱混凝土→支设梁、板模板→浇筑梁、板混凝土。Settingoutexcavationoffoundationbeamandpilecapsbedcourseconcreteplacementconcreteplacementforpilecapsandfoundationbeamscolligationofreinforcementsteelsforshortcolumnsbackfillbedcourseworksestablishingall-roundscaffoldingestablishingcolumnformworkconcreteplacementforshortcolumnsconcreteplacementforstructuralcolumnserectingbeamandslabformworkplacingbeamandslabconcrete.本工程结构混凝土采用商品混凝土，采用汽车泵，混凝土振捣采用机械振捣，洒水保湿养护。Thisprojectshallusecommercialconcretedeliveredbyautomobilepump.Concreteshallbemechanicallyvibratedandwater-cured.（1）混凝土浇筑要求Concreteplacementrequirements机具准备及检查：Machinerypreparationandcheckup:砼浇注前，对料斗串筒、振动器及振动棒、砼泵等机具设备按需要准备落实。对易损机具，应有备用，所用的机具均应浇筑前进行检查和试运转，同时配有专职技工以便随时维修。Beforeconcreteplacement:tumblingbarrel,vibratorandvibratingrod,concretepumpetcmachineryandtoolsshallbemadeavailable.Vulnerabletoolsshallhavespares.Allmachineryandtoolsshall,beforeconcreteplacement,becheckedandcommissioned.Full-timemaintenancemanshallbedesignatedduringexecutionofworks.保证水电供应：Guaranteewaterandpowersupply:在砼浇筑期间，要保证现场水、电、照明不中断。可事先与水、电供应部门取得联系。Duringconcreteplacementperiod,waterandpowersupplyshallbeguaranteed.Toachievethisgoal,beforehandcontactshallbekeptwithwaterandpowersupplydepartments.掌握天气季节变化情况：对气象部分加强预测预报的联系工作在每一施工段浇砼的浇筑质量。Tocommandweatherandseasonalchanges,toenhancecontactwithweatherforecaststation.检查模板、支架、钢筋和预埋件：Checkformwork,supports,reinforcedsteelbarsandembeddedpieces：在砼浇筑之前，应检查和控制模板、钢筋、保护层和预埋件等的尺寸、规格、数量和位置，其偏差应符合施工规范要求。在检查时应注意以下几点：Beforeconcreteisplaced,dimensions,spec,quanityandlocationofformwork,reinforcedsteelbar,protectivecoatandembeddedpiecesetcshallbecheckedandcontrolled.Theirtoleranesshallsatisfyconstructioncodes.Inspectionshallfocuson:模板的标高、位置和构件的截面尺寸、规格、数量和位置，其偏差应符合施工规范要求。在检查时应注意以下几点：Elevationandlocationofformworkandsectionalarea,spec,quantityandlocationofformworkshallbecheckedandtolerancethereofshallsatisfyconstructioncodes.模板的标高、位置和构件的截面尺寸是否符合设计要求。Whetherelevationandlocationofformworkandsectionalareaofstructuralmemebrssatisfydesign;②所安装的支架是否稳定；Whetehrsupportsarestablyinstalled;③支撑和模板的固定是否可靠。Whetherstanchionsupportsandfixationofformworkarereliable;④砼浇筑前，模板内的垃圾、木片等应清除干净。Beforeplacement,garbageandtimberpiecesinsideformworkshallbecompletelyremoved.（2）浇筑厚度 Placementthickness按施工规范规定：当采用插入式振捣器时，为振捣器作用部分长度的1.25倍，浇筑厚度按500mm一层进行浇筑；当采用平板式振动大时为200mm。Asspecified:wheninternalvibratorisemployed,theinsertiondepthshallbe1.25timesofitsactionlengthandtheplacementdepthshallbe500mmperlayer;whenplatevibratorisused,thelayerdepthshallbe200mm.浇筑砼时应注意的几点Precautionsforconcreteplacement:浇筑混凝土，必须认真振捣，严格控制砼的均匀性和密实性。当砼拌合物运至浇筑地点后，应立即浇筑入模。Whenplacingconcrete,vibrationshallbedonewithcaretostrictlycontroluniformityandcompactnessofreinforcedconcrete.Aftermixedconcreteisdeliveredtothejobsite,itshallbeplacedimmediately.浇筑砼施工中，应防止砼的分层离析。在竖向构件中浇筑砼的高度不能超过3m，否则采用串筒或斜槽送砼入模。Concreteplacingshallbeensuredforproducingnoisolation.Freefallingheightofconcreteshallnotexceed3m.Otherwise,chuteortremieetctoolsshallbeusedforreleasingofconcrete.在浇筑竖向结构的砼前，对结构底部应先浇以50—100mm厚与砼成分相同的水泥砂浆，以保证砼在施工缝处的密实。Beforeplacingconcreteintoverticalstructure,itsbottomshallbefilledwith50~100mmthickgroutthathasidenticalingredientsasthereinforcedconcretetoensureitscompactbessatconstructionjoint.浇筑砼时，应设专人经常观察模板、支撑和预留孔洞等的情况，当发生变形、移位时，应立即停止浇筑进行处理。Whenplacingconcrete,watchmanshallbedesignatedtoobservestatusofformwork,supportsandembeddedopening.Incaseofdeformationanddisplacement,placingshallbestoppedimmediatelyfortreatment.防止砼的干缩和自身沉实而产生的表面裂纹，应在砼终凝前预以修整。Surfacecrackproducedbydryingshrinkageshallbefixedbeforefinalsetofconcrete.5）混凝土泵送Concretepumping在砼泵送前，先用适时的水湿润泵车的料斗、泵室及管道等与砼接触部分，经检查管路无异常后，再用1：1水泥砂浆进行润滑压送。Beforepumping,thechute,pumpchamberandpipesubjecttodirectcontactofconcreteshallbewatered.Afterpipehasbeenchecked,1:1cementmortarshallbelubricatedandpumped.开始泵送时，泵机宜处于低速运转状态，转速为500－550r/min。要注意观察泵的压力和各部分工作情况，输送压力一般不大于泵主油缸最大工作压力的1/3，能顺利压送后，方可提高到正常运转速度。Atthestartingperiod,pumpshallrunat500-550rps.Pumppressureandworkingmechanismsshallbecloselywatchedandgenerally,deliverypressureshallnotexceed1/3ofthemaximumworkingpressureofthemastercylinder.Whenpumpingcanbedonesmoothly,increasetonormalrps.泵送砼工作应连续进行，当砼从供应不足或运转不正常时，可放慢压送速度，以保持连续泵送，慢速泵送时间，不超过从搅拌到浇筑完毕的允许延续时间。Concretepumpingshallbedoneconsecutively.Incaseofinsufficientsupplyorabnormalrps,thepumpingspeedcanbesloweddowntomaintainconsecutiveoperation.当遇到砼压送困难，泵的压力升高，管路产生振动时，不要强行压送，应先对管路进行检查，并放慢压送速度或使泵反转，防止堵塞。当输送管堵塞时，可用木槌敲击管路，找出堵塞管段，将砼卸压后，拆除被堵管段，取堵塞物，并检查其余管路有无堵塞，若无堵塞再行接管。重新压送时，先将空气排尽后，才能将拆卸过的管段接头夹箍拧紧。Incaseofpipevibration,pipelineshallbecheckedandpumpingspeedshallbesloweddown.Ifpipeisjammed,woodenhammermaybeusedforknockingthepipe.泵送过程中，应注意料斗内砼保持不能抵于料斗上口200mm。如遇吸入空气，应立即使泵反向运转，将砼吸入料斗排除空气后，再进行压送。Duringpumpingperiod,concreteinchuteshallbekept200mmlowertheupperchute.Ifairhasbeeninhaled,pumprotationshallbereversed.在泵送砼过程中，看泵送中断时间超过30min或遇压送困难时，砼泵应做间隔推动，每4－5min进行4个行程的反转，以防止砼离析或堵塞。Ifpumpinghasbeensuspendedfor30minorabove,pumpshallbereversedevery4strokesfor4-5mintopreventconcreteisolationorbuildup.为了保证搅拌的砼质量，防止泵管堵塞，喂料斗处必须设专人将大石块及杂物及时检出。Toensureconcretmixingqualityandsmoothpumping,awatchmanshallbedesignatedtoremovebigblockandforeignmatters.6）砼的振捣Concretevibration在浇筑砼时，采用正确的振捣方法，可以避免蜂窝麻面通病，必须认真对待，精心操作，对墙、梁和柱均采用HZ－50插入式振捣器；在梁相互交叉处钢筋较密，可改用HZ6X－30插入式振动器进行振捣；对楼板浇筑砼时，当板厚大于150mm时，采用插入式振动器；但棒要斜插，然后再用平板式振动器振一遍，将砼整平，凿板厚小于150mm时，采用平板式振动器振捣。Correctvibratingmethodshallbeused.Forwall,columnandbeam,concreteshallbevibratedwithHZ-50internalvibrator.Atintersectionofbeams,HZ6X-30typeinternalvibratorshallbeused.Whenslabthicknessislessthan150mm,platevibratorshallbeemployed.当使用插入式振动器时振动器正确方法，应做到“快插慢拔”。在振捣过程中，宜将振上层砼时，要在下层砼初凝前进行。Whenusinginternalvibrator,itshallbe“quicklyinsertingandslowlypullingout”.Upperlayerreinforcedconcreteshallbevibratedbeforeinitialsetofthelowerlayer.每一插点要掌握准振捣时间，过短不易密实，过长能引起砼产生离析现象，对塑性砼尤其要注意。一般应视砼表面呈水平，不再显著沉降、不再出现气泡及表面泛出灰浆为准。Vibratingdurationshallbecorrectlycommanded.Ifitistooshort,compactnessshallnotbeachievedandifitistoolong,isolationmayoccur.Plasticconcreteshallbepaidwithparticularattention.Generally,vibrationdurationofreinforcedconcreteshallsubjecttotheconcretesurfaceishorizontalandthereisnosignificantsettlement,noairbubbleorbleeding.1.5RR1.5RRR1.75R行列式排列边格形排列Insertingpointsofvibratorshallbeevenlyarranged.Vibratorshallbemovedinroworstaggeredly(asshownbelow).Themovementdistanceforeachtimeshallnotexceed1.5timestheactionradiusofthevibratingrod.振动器使用时，振动器距模板不应大于振动器作用半径的0.5倍，又不能紧靠模板，且尽量避开钢筋，预埋件等。Whenusingvibrator,itshallbekeptnomorethan0.5timestheactingradiusofthevibratorfromtheformworkandfreefromreinforcementandembeddedpieces.当使用平板式振动器时：Whenusingplatevibrator:在正常情况下，平板式振动器在一点位的连续振动时应以砼表面均出现浆液为准。移动振动器时应成排依次振捣前进，前后位置和排与排间相互搭100mm，严防漏