英语句子结构分析6课件

句子的基本结构英语句子结构分析6句子种类两种分类法按句子的用途可分四种：1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：Heissixyearsold.2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：

Dotheylikeskating?Howoldishe?Marycanswim,can’tshe?3）祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’ttalkinclass4）感叹句：Howclevertheboyis!英语句子结构分析6按句子的结构可分三种：

1)简单句2)并列句3)复合句英语句子结构分析61）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。e.g.HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys. Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.英语句子结构分析6我们可以给句子的动词加上副词修饰，给名词加上形容词、介词短语修饰，给句子加上状语进行修饰等，以使整个句子的意思变得更加的丰富和充实。但不管如何变，都只有一个主谓结构。Heworkedhardallhislife.HeisaschoolstudentinNo.1MiddleSchool.英语句子结构分析62)并列句：句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou. Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.英语句子结构分析6并列句的分类 1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等连接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn. 2、表示选择，常用的连词有or,either…or…,otherwise等。

e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.

英语句子结构分析6 3、表示转折，常用的连词有but,yet,while等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting. 4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so,for等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriceharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.英语句子结构分析63）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。从句包括名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）

定语从句和状语从句等。句型主句+连词+从句；或连词+从句+主句e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.英语句子结构分析6复合句就是含有两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子。这种结构中，必定有一个主谓结构是句子的主句部分，而另一个主谓结构则是句子的次要部分，即从句部分。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.英语句子结构分析6Exercises判断句型1.Havingfinishedhishomework,theboywentontohelphismother.2.Whathesaysdoesn’tsuitwhathedoes.

(简单句划线部分在句中作状语，修饰整个句子)

(复合句包含两个名词性从句：Whathesays是一个主语从句；whathedoes是一个宾语从句)英语句子结构分析63.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.4.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.5.Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?简单句复合句简单句英语句子结构分析66.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.7.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.8.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.并列句

复合句

简单句英语句子结构分析69.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.10.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant,isn’tit?11.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.并列句

复合句

简单句英语句子结构分析6句子成分和句子结构英语句子结构分析6简单句的五个基本句型主语＋不及物动词 Shecame.主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语 Sheishappy．主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtabookforme.主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.（There+beThereisabookonthedesk.英语句子结构分析61.主语（subject）：句子的中心词，说明的人或事物。

Thesunrisesintheeast（名词）

Helikesdancing.（代词）

Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.(数词)

Seeingisbelieving.（动名词）

Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）

Whatheneedsisabook.（主语从句）

Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）英语句子结构分析6(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.英语句子结构分析62.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.

Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.

A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?

A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon英语句子结构分析63.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.

（名词）

Youdon’tlookit.（代词）Fiveandfiveisten.（数词）

Heisasleep.

（形容词）Hisfatherisin.（副词）

Thepictureisonthewall.

(介词短语)Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.

（形容词化的分词）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（表语从句）英语句子结构分析6（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）……Itsoundsagoodidea.

Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.

Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.

Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.

NowIfeeltired.英语句子结构分析6(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.

②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.

④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.英语句子结构分析64.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（名词）

Hehatesyou.（代词）Howmanydoyouneed?Weneedtwo.（数词）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（动名词）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（不定式）

Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（宾语从句）英语句子结构分析62）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾

Areyouafraidofthesnake?

Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.

3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegaveme

abookyesterday.

Givethepoorman

somemoney英语句子结构分析6(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?英语句子结构分析65.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.

（名词）

Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）Wewillmakethemhappy.（形容词）Wefoundnobodyin.(副词)Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（介词短语）Don’tlethimdothat.（省to不定式）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（现在分词）

I’llhavemybikerepaired.（过去分词）英语句子结构分析6(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?

①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room

②totaketheboyoutofschool

③Lily

④getonthebus

⑤playingfootballontheplayground英语句子结构分析6

划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?英语句子结构分析66.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Yanlingisachemistryteacher.（名词）Heisourfriend.（代词）Webelongtothethirdworld.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（形容词）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.(副词)Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.(介词)TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（现在分词）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（过去分词）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（不定式）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（定语从句）英语句子结构分析6挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.①family

②given

③third

④some

⑤downstairs

英语句子结构分析67.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.

Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.

HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.

Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.

Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.英语句子结构分析6

挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.

①ontheface

②Everynight

③whenhewaseleven

④fast

⑤off英语句子结构分析68.同位语：对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面的名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分叫同位语。MrLin,ourheadmaster,isgivingusaspeech.Beijing,capitalofChina,isdevelopingfast.Theengineerhimselfrepairedit.Weallgotangry.Wetwowillgotoseeyou.Thenewsthathewillcomeistrue.英语句子结构分析69、独立成分：有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分，称为句子独立成分(注意：区别于分词独立结构)。感叹词：oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语：称呼人的用语。插入语：一些句中插入的Ithink,Ibelieve,等。如:Thestory,Ithink,hasnevercometotheend./我相信,这个故事还远没结束.情态词,表示说话人的语气（多作为修饰全句的状语）:perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然，等。英语句子结构分析6

10、分词独立结构：分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词独立结构。

Studyinghard,yourscorewillgoup.正确：(1)Studyinghard,youcanmakeyourscoregoup.或(2)Ifyoustudyhard,yourscorewillgoup.独立结构还可用with、without引导，作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词，还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如：Withnothingtodo,hefellasleepsoon./Theteachercamein,withglassesonhisnose.英语句子结构分析6分词做状语时，其逻辑主语应该与句子的主语保持一致，否则应该有自己的逻辑主语，构成分词的独立结构。英语句子结构分析61）逻辑主语+现在分词，表主动。Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.(whenMarycameback..)Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfivemonths.(Ifalliswell.)Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakeanotherplan.(Sincethatisthecase…)Shewalkedalongthepath,herdaughterfollowingclosebehind.(herdaughterfollowedclosebehind)英语句子结构分析61）逻辑主语+现在分词，表主动。Marycomingback,theydiscussedittogether.(whenMarycameback..)Allbeingwell,theprojectwillbefinishedinfivemonths.(Ifalliswell.)Thatbeingthecase,we’dbettermakeanotherplan.(Sincethatisthecase…)Shewalkedalongthepath,herdaughterfollowingclosebehind.(herdaughterfollowedclosebehind)英语句子结构分析6做状语1.做时间状语，相当于when引导的从句Eg:Hearingthenews,theyimmediatelysetoffforShanghai.(whentheyheardthenews)Seenfromthepagoda,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.2.做原因状语，相当于as,since,because的从句BeingSunday,theshopsareovercrowded.Abitfrightened,hestoodmotionless.英语句子结构分析63.做方式伴随Hewalkeddownthehill,singingsoftlytohimself.Hehurriedtothehall,followedbytwoguards.Theboyranhome,crying.4.做条件状语，相当于if,unless引导的从句Givenanotherchance,I’lldoitmuchbetter.5.做结果状从，相当于sothat的从句Heturnedoffthelight,seeingnothing.英语句子结构分析66.做让步状从，相当于though,evenif的从句Wounded,thebravesoldiercontinuedtofight.Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillthinkthatshehasn’ttriedherbest.英语句子结构分析6练习一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.S.AttributeO.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbial英语句子结构分析66.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.Hetookmanyphotosofthepalaces

inBeijing.8.Thereisgoingtobe

anAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.AttributePredicativeO.PredicateS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateAdverbial英语句子结构分析614.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest，yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,

readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Henoticedamanentertheroom.20.Theapplestastedsweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialPredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative英语句子结构分析6划分句子成分1.weareworking.2.Icanswimverywell.3.Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertome.4.Whydoesthewindblow？5.Therainhasbeenpullingdownforawholeday.6.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.英语句子结构分析6二、用符号划出下列短文各句中的

主语（—）、谓语（＝）、宾语（～）：Ihopeyouareverywell.I'mfine,buttired.RightnowitisthesummervacationandI'mhelpingmyDadonthefarm.Augustisthehottestmonthhere.Itisthetimeofyearforthericeharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.Sometimeswegoonworkingafterdarkbythelights