比较级最高级用法

在英语常用以下方式表示的词:在形容词或副词前加more(如morenatural,moreclearly)或加后缀-er(newer,sooner)。典型的是指形容词或副词所表示的质、量或关系的增加。英语句子中，将比拟两个主体的方法叫做“比拟句型〞。其中，像“A比B更……〞的表达方式称为比拟级；而“A最……〞的表达方式则称为最高级。组成句子的方式是将形容词或副词变化成比拟级或最高级的形态。一、形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级的构成规则1．一般单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词，比拟级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est；〔1〕单音节词如：small→smaller→smallestshort→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallestgreat→greater→greatest〔2〕双音节词如：clever→cleverer→cleverestnarrow→narrower→narrowest2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词，比拟在原级后加-r，最高级在原级后加-st；如：large→larger→largestnice→nicer→nicestable→abler→ablest3．在重读闭音节〔即：辅音＋元音＋辅音〕中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比拟级加-er，最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggesthot→hotter→hottestfat→fatter→fattest4．以“辅音字母＋y〞结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比拟级加-er，最高级加-est；如：easy→easier→easiestheavy→heavier→heaviestbusy→busier→busiesthappy→happier→happiest5．其他双音节词和多音节词，比拟级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful→morebeautiful→mostbeautifuldifferent→moredifferent→mostdifferenteasily→moreeasily→mosteasily注意：〔1〕形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the，副词最高级前可不用。例句：TheSaharaisthebiggestdesertintheworld.〔2〕形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。Itisamostimportantproblem.=Itisaveryimportantproblem.6．有少数形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。如：good→better→bestwell→better→bestbad→worse→worstill→worse→worstold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→mostlittle→less→leastfar→further/farther→furthest/farthest二、形容词、副词的比拟级和最高级的用法1．“A+be+形容词比拟级+than+B〞意思为“A比B更……〞。如：Thistreeistallerthanthatone.这棵树比那棵树高。注意：①在含有连词than的比拟级中，前后的比拟对象必须是同一畴，即同类事物之间的比拟。②在比拟级前面使用much，表示程度程度“强得多〞。如：Awatermelonismuchbiggerthananapple.③very,quite一般只能修饰原级，不能修饰比拟级。2．“比拟级+and+比拟级〞或“moreandmore+原级〞表示“越来越……〞如：Itbeeswarmerandwarmerwhenspringes.春天来了，天气变得越来越暖和了。Itisgettingcoolerandcooler.天气越来越凉爽。Thewindbecamemoreandmoreheavily.风变得越来越大。Ourschoolisbeingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的学校变得越来越美丽。3．在含有or的选择疑问句中，如果有两者供选择，前面的形容词要用比拟级形式。如：Whoistaller,TimorTom"谁更高，Tim还是Tom"4.“the+比拟级……,the+比拟级〞，表示“越……越……〞。Themoremoneyyoumake,themoreyouspend.钱你赚得越多，花得越多。Thesooner，thebetter.越快越好。5.表示倍数的比拟级用法：①.Ais…timesthesize/height/length/widthofB.如：Thenewbuildingisthreetimestheheightoftheoldone.这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍。(新楼是旧楼的四倍高)②.Ais…timesasbig/high/long/wide/largeasB.如：AsiaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)③.Ais…timeslarger/higher/longer/widerthanB.如：Ourschoolistwicebiggerthanyours.我们学校比你们学校大两倍。6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比拟，表示“最……〞的意思。句子中有表示围的词或短语。如：ofthethree,inourclass等等。如：Heisthetallestinourclass.他在我们班里是最高的。7."否认词语+比拟级"，"否认词语+so…as"构造表示最高级含义。Nothingissoeasyasthis.=Nothingiseasierthanthis.=Thisistheeasiestthing.8.比拟级与最高级的转换：Mikeisthemostintelligentinhisclass.Mikeismoreintelligentthananyotherstudentinhisclass7.修饰比拟级和最高级的词1〕可修饰比拟级的词①.abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,many,alot,lots,agreatdeal,any,still,even等。②.还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。③.以上词(除byfar)外，必须置于比拟级形容词或副词的前面。注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比拟围。(错)Tomisthetallestofhisthreebrothers.(对)Tomisthetallestofthethreebrothers.2)以下词可修饰最高级：byfar,far,much,mostly,almost。Thishatisnearly/almostthebiggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。Thisistheverybest.Thisismuchthebest.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africaisthesecondlargestcontinent.8.要防止重复使用比拟级。(错)Heismoreclevererthanhisbrother.(对)Heismorecleverthanhisbrother.(对)Heisclevererthanhisbrother.9.要防止将主语含在比拟对象中。(错)ChinaislargerthatanycountryinAsia.(对)ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.10.要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthanthatofBeijing.Itiseasiertomakeaplanthantocarryitout.11.要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比拟：Whichislarger,CanadaorAustralia"Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralia"Sheistallerthanhertwosisters.Sheisthetallerofthetwosisters.三.典型例题1〕----Areyoufeeling____"----Yes，I'mfinenow.A.anywellB.anybetterC.quitegoodD.quitebetter答案：B.any可修饰比拟级，quite修饰原级，well的比拟级为better.2〕Thee*perimentwas____easierthanwehade*pected.A.moreB.muchmoreC.muchD.moremuch答案：C.much可修饰比拟级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比拟级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3〕Iftherewerenoe*aminations,weshouldhave___atschool.A.thehappiesttimeB.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttimeD.amuchhappiertime答案：D。

比拟级和最高级的用法1.两者相比〔甲=乙〕，用“as+原级+as〞表示TomisastallasMike.2.两者相比〔甲〈乙〕，用“notas(so)+原级+as〞或“lessthan〞表示Ididn’tdomyhomeworkso(as)carefullyasyou.Thepictureislessattractivethanthatone.3.两者相比〔甲〉乙〕，用“比拟级+than〞表示Ourcityismorebeautifulthananyothercityinourcountry.注意：1)为了防止重复，在从句中常用one,that,those等词来代替前面提过的名词。TheweatherhereiswarmerthanthatofShanghai.Theradiosmadeinourfactoryarebetterthanthoseinyourfactory.2)比拟等级应注意防止和包括自己的对象比。比拟级+than+anyother+

单数名词alltheother+

复数名词anyoneelseanyoftheother+

复数名词3〕如果形容词作定语修饰一个单数可数名词，一般将不定冠词a/an放在形容词之后。Ourneighbourhas_____ours.A.asabighouseas

B.asbigahouseasC.thesamebighouseasD.housethesamebigas4〕比拟级前一般不用冠词，但假设表示“两者中较……时〞。比拟级前要加定冠词。假设比拟级后有名词，常在比拟级前加不定冠词，表示泛指。E.g.

他是两者中较高的一个Heisthetallerofthetwo.她唱得真动听！我可从未听过比这更好的嗓音了。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.4.

三者或三者以上相比，表示最高级时，用“the+最高级〞的构造表示，这种句式一般常有表示比拟围的介词短语。ZhangHuaisthetallestofthethree.Heworks(the)hardestinhisclass.Thatwastheleaste*citingfootballgameI’veeverwatched.ThishotelisthemostfortableI’veeverstayed.注意：当最高级的前面无限定词the或有不定冠词a/an时，仅表示“很……，非常……〞Mondayismybusiestday.星期一是我很忙的一天。Qingdaoisamost(very)beautifulcoastalcity.是一个非常美丽的海滨城市。比拟级的一些其他用法1

倍数表示方法a)

倍数+as+形容词/副词原级+asb)

倍数+形容词/副词比拟级+thanc)

倍数+the+n.+ofThisropeisthreetimeslongerthanthatone.〔这条绳子比那条长三倍。〕Thisropeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.〔这条绳子是那条绳子的三倍。〕Thisropeisthreetimesthelengthofthatone.〔这条绳子比那条绳子长三倍。〕2

用形容词比拟级的否认形式，从反面来表示最高级，通常译为“没有比……更……〞Nootherbookhasagreatereffectonmylife.没有哪一本书比这本书对我的影响更大的了。=Thisbookhasthegreatesteffectonmylife.考例：—Goforapiicthisweekend,OK"

--_____.Ilovegettingclosetonature.A.Icouldn’tagreemore

B.I’mafraidnot.C.Ibelievenot

D.Idon’tthinkso.3moreandmore

越来越……Ourcityisgettingbiggerandbigger.Ourcityisgettingmoreandmorebeautiful.4themore…themore…

越……就越……Themoreyoustudy,themoreyouknow.Thebusiertheoldmanis,thehappierhefeels.Themoreintelligentstudentsare,themorequicklytheyunderstandideas.5

可用以下词来修饰形容词的比拟级much

alot

slightly

alittle

almost

far

abit

still课时五祈使句祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感慨号或句号，读降调。1.肯定的祈使句〔1〕动词原形+其他Standup,please.=Pleasestandup.请起立。〔2〕Be+n./adj.Beagoodboy!要做一个好孩子!Becareful!=Lookout!=Takecare!小心/留神！〔3〕Let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分Letmehelpyou.让我来帮你。Let’sgotoschooltogether.咱们一起上学去吧。2.否认的祈使句(1)Don't+动词原形Don'tstandup.别站起来。Don'tbecareless.别粗心。Don'tletthemplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。〔2〕Let型的否认式有两种:“Don't+let+宾语+动词原形+其它成分〞和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其它成分〞。Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.别让他走。Letthemnotplaywithfire.别让他们玩火。〔3〕no开头,用来表示制止性的祈使句。Nosmoking!制止吸烟!Nofishing!制止钓鱼!3.祈使句的强调形式，通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。例如：Doshutup!快住口！4.祈使句的答复祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作，所以答复祈使句时，一般用will或won’t。在答复具有否认意义的祈使句时，要注意两点：1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致；No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是“不〞的意思；No是“是〞的意思)。在答复时，要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。如：---Don’tgoout,please.It’srainingheavilyoutside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。----Yes,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去机场接我弟弟。5.祈使句的反意疑问句(1)肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问局部用willyou或won'tyou。Pleaseopenthedoor,will/won’tyou"请把门翻开，好吗？(2)否认祈使句的反意疑问句反问局部只用willyou。Don'tbelateagain,willyou"别再迟到了，行不行？(3)以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问局部用shallwe。Let'sturnontheTV,shallwe"我们把电视翻开，好吗？<特别注意>只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问局部才用shallwe，而letus开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问局部应为willyou或won'tyou.如：Letusstayhere,will/won'tyou"请〔你〕让我们留在这好吗？一、单项选择：1.Please____,they’rehavingameeting.A.notbesonoisyB.bequiteC.mustn’ttalkD.nospeaking

2.____tomeetmeatthestation.I’llbewaitingthere.A.NottoforgetB.NotforgetC.ForgetnotD.Don’tforget

3.It’safineday.Let’sgofishing,____"A.won’tweB.willyouC.don’tweD.shallwe

4.Don’tsmokeinthemeeting-room,____"A.doyouB.willyouC.canyouD.couldyou

5.–Don’tforgettoetomybirthdaypartytomorrow.-I____.

A.don’tB.won’tC.can’tD.haven’t

6.Ifyouaretired,______arest.A.haveB.havingC.tohaveD.had7.______mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.DoletB.LetdoC.DoingletD.Todolet8.Heisnothonest.______believehim.A.NotB.Don’tC.TonotD.Notto9._____upearlytomorrow,oryoucan’tcatchthetrain.A.GettingB.GetC.TogetD.Got10._____inthestreet.It’sdangerous.A.NotplayB.NottoplayC.Don’tplayD.Don’ttoplay11.Please______mesomemoney,willyou"A.lendB.lendingC.borrowD.borrowing12.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please______seated.A.beB.areC.isD.being13.____downtheradio.Thebaby’sasleepinthene*troom.

A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnedD.Turn

14.Lucy,____thedoororsomeonewillein.

A.closeB.closesC.notcloseD.isclosing

15.____andplayfootballinthestreetafterlunch.A.Let’snottogoB.Let’snotgoC.Let’sdon’tgoD.Notlet’sgo

16.Asignwiththewords“____〞isoftenfoundinabus.A.NotparkingB.NotsmokingC.NoparkingD.Nosmoking

17.____ChineseinyouEnglishclass.A.NotspeakB.Don’tspeakC.SpeaknotD.Don’tspeaking18._____thebo*es.Youmayusethemlater.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept19.Ifyouwanttostay,letmeknow,______"A.willyouB.shallweC.doyouD.dowe20.Neverelateagain,______"A.willyouB.won’tyouC.doyouD.doeshe21.TheTVistooloud.Please________.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit22._______lateagain,Bill!A.Don'ttobeB.Don'tbeC.NotbeD.Benot23._______crosstheroaduntilthetrafficlightsturnsgreen.A.NotB.Won'tC.Doesn'tD.Don't24.Pleasehelpmecarryit,______"A.willIB.willyouC.shallID.shallwe25.Don'tmakesomuchnoise,______"A.willyouB.won'tyouC.shallweD.doyou26.Doyouknowthegirl______underthetree"A.standB.tostandC.standingD.stood27.Kate,_______yourhomeworkheretomorrow.A.bringB.bringsC.tobringD.bringing28.________methetruth,orI'llbeangry.A.TellingB.TotellC.ToldD.Tell29.I'vekeptthedog_______Maomaoforalongtime.A.nameB.namedC.namingD.toname30.Don'tyouknowthat_______isgoodforourhealth"A.swimB.swimmingC.swamD.swims

二.用括号所给动词的适当形式填空。1.It’sanimportantmeeting.__________(not,be)late.2.____________(not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping.3.____________(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand____________(be)polite.4.____________(not,talk)and____________(read)aloud.5.____________(not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry.6.____________(look)out!Acarising.7.____________(give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike.8.____________(not,let)thebabycry.9.Wearmoreclothesoryou____________(catch)acold.10.Let’s____________(not,say)anythingaboutit.三、句型转换11.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly"〔改为祈使句〕__________againmoreslowly,please.12.Ifyoudon'tlistentome,I'llgo.〔改为同义句〕__________me,orI’llgo.13.Let'swatchthesportsgames.〔改为反意疑问句〕Let'swatchthesportsgames,__________"14.Theteachersoftentellthestudentsnottobecareless.〔改为祈使句〕__________careless,please.15.Pleasesitne*ttoNancy.〔改为否认句〕__________ne*ttoNancy.16.Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,please.〔改为反意疑问句〕Don'tforgettoturnoffthelights,__________"17.Ifyoumove,you'lldie.〔改为同义句〕__________,oryou'lldie.18.etomyhousetomorrow.〔改为反意疑问句〕etomyhousetomorrow,__________"19.这是一个坏了的被子。〔翻译句子〕Thisisa____________.20.让我们去帮帮那个哭泣的女孩吧。〔翻译句子〕Let’sgoandhelpthe__________,please.

课时七一般将来时一般将来时一般将来时表示将来*个时间要发生的动作，事情或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作或事情1〕will/shall+动词原形shall用于第一人称，常被will所代替。will在述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。willnot=won'tshallnot=shan't例如：WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst？我先读哪一段呢？Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening"今晚七点回家好吗？2〕begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做*事。例如：Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow"明天打算作什么呢？b.方案，安排要发生的事。例如：Theplayisgoingtobeproducedne*tmonth。这出戏下月开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。例如：Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.看那乌云，快要下雨了。3〕be+不定式表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。例如：Wearetodiscussthereportne*tSaturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4〕beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做*事。例如：HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.他马上要去。注意：beabouttodo不能与tomorrow,ne*tweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Notice:beto和begoingtobeto表示客观安排或受人指示而做*事，begoingto表示主观的打算或方案。例如：Iamtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我去踢球。〔客观安排〕I'mgoingtoplayfootballtomorrowafternoon.明天下午我想去踢球。〔主观安排〕5〕.现在进展时表将来时以下动词的现在进展时表示将来时go.e.fly.leave.start.begin.finish.end.arriveandsoon.sheisleavingforWuhantomorrow.6〕.一般现在时表将来1〕以下动词e,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：Thetrainleavesatsi*tomorrowmorning.火车明天上午六点开。Whendoesthebusstar"Itstarsintenminutes.汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。2〕以here,there等开场的倒装句，表示动作正在进展。例如：Hereesthebus.=Thebusising.车来了。Theregoesthebell.=Thebellisringing.铃响了。3〕在时间或条件句中。例如：WhenBilles〔不是wille〕,askhimtowaitforme.比尔来后，让他等我。I'llwritetoyouassoonasIarrivethere.我到了那里，就写信给你。4〕在动词hope,takecarethat,makesurethat等的宾语从句中。例如：Ihopetheyhaveanicetimene*tweek.我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Makesurethatthewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheroom.离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。其时间状语有如下几种1〕this引导的短语如thisyear2〕tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrowmorning3〕ne*t引导的短语如ne*tmonth4)fromnowoninthefutureinanhour等。1)shall用于第一人称，可被will所代替。will在述句中用于各人称，在争求意见时常用于第二人称。WhichparagraphshallIreadfirst.Willyoubeathomeatseventhisevening"2)begoingto+不定式，表示将来。a.主语的意图，即将做*事。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow"b.方案，安排要发生的事。Theplayisgoingtobeproducedne*tmonth。c.有迹象要发生的事Lookatthedarkclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.3)be+不定式表将来，按方案或正式安排将发生的事。Wearetodiscussthereportne*tSaturday.4)beaboutto+不定式，意为马上做*事。HeisabouttoleaveforBeijing.注意：beaboutto不能与tomorrow,ne*tweek等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。注意：一、易无视动词用原形形式例：1Hewillis(be)atschoolne*tMonday.2Heisgoingtodoes(do)hishomeworkafterschool.答案：1be2do解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，无视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少〞的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.二、begoingto+动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。IamstudyinghardandIwilltryformyEnglishe*ams.答案：IamstudyinghardandIamgoingtotryformyEnglishe*ams.解析：“begoingto〞表示方案、打算要做*事。E.g.Heisgoingtovisithisfriends.还表示*种迹象说明会发生*事.e.g.Lookattheclouds.It’sgoingtorain.而“Will+动词原形〞指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g.Iwillwaitforyouuntilyoue.在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用begoingto，而不能用will。一、单项选择。()1.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.WatchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()2.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe()3.They________anEnglisheveningne*tSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()4.________you________freene*tSunday"A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be()5.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be()6.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary"A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()16.Who________we________swimmingwithtomorrowafternoon"A.will;goB.do;goC.will;goingD.shall;go()17.We________theworkthiswayne*ttime.A.doB.willdoC.goingtodoD.willdoing()18.Tomorrowhe________akiteintheopenairfirst,andthen________boatinginthepark.A.willfly;willgoB.willfly;goesC.isgoingtofly;willgoesD.flies;willgo()19.Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatch.A.willwatchingB.watchesC.iswatchingD.isgoingtowatch()20.There________abirthdaypartythisSunday.A.shallbeB.willbeC.shallgoingtobeD.willgoingtobe()21.They________anEnglisheveningne*tSunday.A.arehavingB.aregoingtohaveC.willhavingD.isgoingtohave()22.________you________freene*tSunday"A.Will;areB.Will;beC.Do;beD.Are;be()23.He________thereattentomorrowmorning.A.willB.isC.willbeD.be()24.________yourbrother________amagazinefromthelibrary"A.Are;goingtoborrowB.Is;goingtoborrowC.Will;borrowsD.Are;goingtoborrows()25.–ShallIeagaintomorrowafternoon"–________〔好的〕.A.Yes,pleaseB.Yes,youwillC.No,please.D.No,youwon’t.()26.It________theyearofthehorsene*tyear.A.isgoingtobeB.isgoingtoC.willbeD.willis()27.________openthewindow"A.WillyoupleaseB.PleasewillyouC.YoupleaseD.Doyou()28.–Let’sgoouttoplayfootball,shallwe"–OK.I________.A.willingB.begoingtoeC.eD.aming()29.It________usalongtimetolearnEnglishwell.A.takesB.willtakeC.spendsD.willspend()30.Thetrain________at11.A.goingtoarriveB.willbearriveC.isgoingtoD.isarriving二、动词填空。1.Iamafraidthere______〔be〕a