定语从句“江南联赛”一等奖 省赛获奖

Unit4

Grammar--TheAttributiveClause

Conceptof

theAttributiveClause在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词、代词或整个主句,所以也称之为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句要放在先行词之后。用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词，关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两种。要做好定语从句的有关试题，就得必须理解“关系词”具有的三种功能：(1)引导一个定语从句。(在定语从句开头)(2)替代“先行词”。（省去从句中对应的he/she/it/they/him/her/them/…）(3)在定语从句中充当成分。(作主/宾/表定语/状语）课文例句1）ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.

2）Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometreslongandthirtymetreswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.3）Thenumberofpeople

whowerekilledorseriouslyinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.4）Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstone

shookTangshan.5）Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.6）Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthatnight.7）Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Lookatthefollowingsentences1.Theboywho/thatbrokethewindowiscalledJack.2.Theman(whom/who)

ItalkedtojustnowisMr.Li.3.Thecar(that/which)heboughtyesterdayisasecond-handone.4.HarryistheboywhosemotherisourMathsteacher.5.Weliveinahousewhosewindowopenstothesouth.

Sumup1.先行词指人时，用关系代词that/who(whom),在句中作主语或宾语；2.先行词是物时，用关系代词that/which，在从句中作主语或宾语；3.whose在从句中作定语，既可指人，表示“某些人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”；

4.关系代词that、who、whom、which在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。关系代词的用法who(whom)1.who指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）

TheprofessorwhovisitedourschoolyesterdayisfromCanada.2.whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtojustnowisMr.Li.ThemantowhomItalkedjustnowisMr.Li.

which

①作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

Thesearethetreeswhich

wereplantedlastyear.Theradio（which）

heisusingismadeinJapan.Isthisthelibrary(which)

youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibraryfromwhich

youborrowbooks?HehastohavelessonsonSundays,which

hedoesn’tlikeatall.

Jamesdidreallywellintheexams,which

wasabigsurprise.②Which的先行词有时不是一个词，而是整个主句，这时，which前一定要使用逗号。that①指人/物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）。指人时，相当于who或whom;指物时，相当于which.Aplaneisamachine.Itcanfly.Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Heistheman.Itoldyouabouthim.Heistheman(that)Itoldyouabout.②在从句中作表语

Heisnotthemanthatheseemstobe.

他这人不可貌相。

Tomisnolongertheboythat

hewasbefore.

Chinaisnolongerthecountrythat

shewasbefore.whose

是所有格，在定语从句中作定语，后面要接名词，既可指人，表示“某些人的…”；也可指物，表示“某物的…”，指物时可与（ofwhich＋the＋名词）或（the＋名词＋ofwhich）互换使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebook,thecoverofwhichisblue.在下列定语从句中关系代词只能用that

1.当先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,few,much等不定代词时。如：

Thisbookcontainsmuch/littlethatisuseful.

这本书中有很多/没有多少有用的东西。

Imeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday.

我指的是昨天买的那个。2.先行词被all,each,few,much,every,no,some,any等不定代词修饰时。如：

Ihavereadallthebook(that)yougaveme.

我把你给我的书都看了。

Therearesomejobs(that)mencan'tdoverywell.

有些工作男人无法做好。

3.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。如：

Thisisthefirstfilm(that)IhaveseensinceIcamehere.这是我到这里以来所看的第一部电影。

Thisisthebiggestapple(that)Ihaveevereaten.

这是我所吃到的苹果中最大的一个。4.

先行词既有人又有物时。如：

Weweredeeplyimpressedbytheteachersandschools(that)wehadvisited.

我们访问过的老师和参观过的学校给我们留下了深刻的印象。

5.先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。如：

Maryistheonlyfriend(that)IhaveinAustralia.

玛丽是我在澳大利亚唯一的朋友。

Sheistheverythief(that)thepolicemanislookingfor.

她就是警察正在寻找的那个小偷。

ThelastplacetheyvisitedwastheSummerPalace.

他们最后参观的地方是颐和园。

6.先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。如：Heissaidtobeeverythingthatanhonestmanshouldbe.人们说他具备了一个诚实的人有应有的一切美好品质。Don’tcheatme.I’mnolongertheboythatIwasthreeyearsago.别骗我了，我再也不是三年前的我了。

7.主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

哪件T恤衫最合我的身？Whoisthegirlthatwearsbluedress?

穿蓝色裙子的女孩是谁？Fillinthesentenceswiththecorrectrelativepronouns:1.Themostimportantthing_____weshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthing______Ihavesaid.2.Shespentthewholeeveningtalkingaboutthethingsandthepersons______noneofushaseverheardof.3.Ihaveboughtaverywatch______wasadvertisedonTV.4.Thepresidentmadeaspeechin________heexpressedhissatisfaction.5.Iknowtheboy________motherisafriendofmine.thatthat

thatthatwhichwhoseCombinethetwosentences1.Thewriterisveryfamousinourcity.Wemetheryesterday.

2.Thedressisfashionable.Sheiswearingit.

Thewriter

who/whom/that/﹨wemetyesterdayisveryfamous

inourcity.Thedresswhich/that/﹨sheiswearingisfashionable.3.I’mlisteningtotheMp4.

ItbelongstoTom.

4.Isthatthecompany?Yourfatheronceworkedinthecompany.

5.Thatstudentdidn’tcometoschoolthismorning.Iborrowedhisbookyesterday.

I’mlisteningtotheMp4which/thatbelongstoTom.Isthatthecompanythat/which/﹨yourfatheronceworkedin?ThatstudentwhosebookIborrowedyesterdaydidn’tcometoschoolthismorning.关系代词as的用法as也可用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。①as用于非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中，as可指代整个主句，其引导的定语从句可位于句首，句中或句末，通常用逗号与主句隔开。Heisateacher,ascanbeseenfromhismanner.他是教师，这一点从他的举止上可以看出来。(as在从句中作宾语)Asweknow,smokingisharmfultoone’shealth.众所周知，吸烟有害健康。(as在从句中作宾语)Money,assomeoneoncesaid,istherootofallevils.正如有人曾说过的那样，金钱是万恶之源。(as在从句中作宾语)asanybodycansee正如人人都看到的asweallknow正如大家所知道的asiswellknown这是众所周知的aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样asisoftenthecase情况常常如此ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述

asmaybeimagined可以想像得出ashasbeenpointedout正像已经指出的那样aswillbeshownin…这一点将在…中表明②as用于限制性定语从句中关系代词as常用于”thesame…as““such…as““so…as”“asmany/much…as”这些结构中,代表前面的先行词,在从句中作主语或宾语●Ihadthesameexperienceasyouhad.我跟你有相同的经历.（as在定语从句中充当宾语，但不能省略）●Hereissoheavyaboxascanbeliftedbynobody.这里有一个没人能搬得动的重箱子.（as在定语从句中作主语）●Sheissuchaclevergirl_____everyteacherlikes.asB.thatC.whatD.which●Asmanypeople____sawthegirlwerestruckbyherbeauty.A.whomB.whoC.thatD.asAD※thesame…as与thesame…thatthesame…as表示“相似”,thesame…that表示“同一”ThatisthesamebikeasIlost.那辆自行车和我丢的一模一样。（同样的但不是同一个）That