2023年大学英语A网络统考阅读理解真题

阅读理解A21、Duringthemeal,you'dbetterbecarefulnottoleaveaspooninasoupbowlorcoffeecuporanyotherdish.Thecoffeespoonoughttobeonthesaucer,thesoupspoonoughttobeontheplateunderthebowl.Whenyouarehavingsoup,maketheleastnoisesandusethesideofyourspooninsideoutthisway,notthetip.Andyoumustn'tpickupyoursoupbowlssoastodrinkawaythelastdropsofyoursoupfromthebottomofthebowl.Veryoftenthereisonlyonemaincourseandsalad,followedbyyoursweet.Ifyoufindthemealnotenough,say"Oh,it'sdelicious!"andaskforsomemoreofthechickenorsteakorwhateveryouhavejusthad.Thehostesswillbeverygladthatyouappreciatehercookingandwillgiveyouanextraportion.ButifyouobservetheChinesewayofbeingpoliteandsay"No,thankyou"whenthehostessoffersyoumore,youwillmostprobablystarvelater,becauseAmericanswillneverpressfoodonyou.Yetitisnotpolitetokeepsilentandnottotalkwiththepersonnexttoyou.Itwouldbeconsideredgoodmannersifyouhandleyoursilverwarewithcaresothattheydon'tmakeanynoise.Whencoffeecomes,drinkitfromyourcup.Thecoffeespoonshouldrestonthesaucerwhileyouaredrinking.Andsmoking,ofcourse,israrelyseenatadinnertable.Well,whenthemealisfinished,theguestsputtheirnapkinsonthetableandstandup,themenagainhelpingtheladieswiththeirchairs.Afterthedinner,theguestsusuallystayforanhourortwo,thentheywouldsay,"Well,I'mafraidImustbegoingnow."Thehostandhostesswouldofcourseurgeeveryonetostaylonger."What,already?Won'tyouhaveanothercoffee?"Theguests,forinstance,wouldsay,"I'dloveto,butIhavetobeupearlytomorrowmorning.Thankyouforamostenjoyableevening.Good-night."Andifyoustayovernightorovertheweekend,itwillbecourteoustosendathank-younotetothehostorhostessthefollowingday,veryoftenwithasmallgiftsuchasaboxofchocolateorsomeflowersasatokenofappreciationoftheirhospitality.(1)、Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A：HowtoPrepareforaMeal. B：NeverPressFoodonYourGuest. C：TableMannersintheU.S.A.D：HowtoEnjoyaDinner. 答案：C(2)、Thepassagesuggeststhat______.A：tomakethehostesshappyyoushouldaskformorefoodevenifyouarefullB：youshouldkeepsilentatadinnertableinordertobepoliteC：ifyouwanttobefriendlywiththepersonnexttoyou,youshouldpressfoodonhimD：talkingisnecessaryatadinnertable 答案：D(3)、Atadinnertable,youdoallofthefollowingexcept______.A：makingtheleastnoisepossible B：pickingupyoursoupbowltodrinkawaythelastdropC：handlingyoursilverwarewithcare D：drinkingthecoffeefromyourcup 答案：B(4)、Whatdoes"courteous"inthelastparagraphmean?A：Friendly. B：Generous C：Polite D：Noble. 答案：C(5)、Thepassageimpliesthat______.A：differentnationshavedifferentcustoms B：ChinesecustomsarequitesimilartoAmericanonesC：bothChineseandAmericanshavesoupbeforethemaincourseD：ifyouarepolite,thehostesswillpressmorefoodonyou 答案：A2、Mr.Stevensonwastheownerofageneralappliancestore.Hehadseenmanynewlywedscomingintohisstoretoshopfortheirfirstrefrigerator,washeranddryer,andair-conditioner.Penandpencilinhand,theywouldaskhimalotofquestionsaboutprice,featuresandafter-saleservices,buttheywouldusuallywalkawayattheendoftheirinquiry.Theotherdayayoungcouplecameintohisstore.Theyaskedhimalltheusualquestionsandheansweredallofthempatiently.Butwhenhesuggestedanorderattheend,theyrepliedfirmly,"We'llhavetolookaroundplacesfirst."Althoughfeelingabitdisappointed,Mr.Stevensondidnotshowit.Instead,hesmiled,movedcloserandsaid,"IknowyouwillgotoDiscountDantolookatthepricetags.That'sperfectlyunderstandable.Idothesame.Infact,theysellthesamestuffaswedo.Butifyoubuythingsthere,thereissomethingyouwillnotget.Andthatisme.IcomewitheverythingIsell.I'vebeeninthebusinessforthirtyyearsandinafewyears'timeI'mgoingtogivemystoretomydaughterandson-in-law.Ihopetheywillcarryonthefamilybusiness.IstandbehindeverythingIsellandIwillmakesurethatyouwillneverregretbuyingthingsfromme."AfterthisshortspeechMr.Stevensonofferedtheyoungcouplesomeicecreamtothankfortheirinterest.Impressedbyhishonestyandsincerity,theyoungcoupledecidedtoplaceanorder.(1)、WhatdidMr.Stevenson'sstoresell?A：Familyfurniture. B：Sportsapparatus. C：Householdappliances. D：Thingsfornewlyweds. 答案：C(2)、Whydidmanynewlywedsusuallywalkawayattheendoftheirinquiry?A：Theyknewtheycouldbuybetterqualityapplianceselsewhere. B：Theyareboredwiththeowner'sspeech.C：Theywantedtocomparepricesatotherstores. D：Theythoughtthestorecouldnotmeettheirneeds. 答案：C(3)、WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMr.Stevenson'sattitudetowardshiscustomers?A：Politeandpatient. B：Politeandinflexible. C：Generousandflexible. D：Snobbishandrude. 答案：A(4)、WhatwasMr.Stevenson'sresponsetotheyoungcouple'srefusal?A：Hewasnotdisappointedatallbecausehewasaccustomedtoit. B：Hecouldnothidehisdisappointment.C：Hefeltdisappointedbutsmiledandthenwalkedaway. D：Hesmiledandstartedtousehispowerofpersuasion.答案：D(5)、Whydidtheyoungcouplefinallydecidetoplaceanorder?A：Theyrealizedhowimportantafter-saleserviceswere. B：Theybecameinterestedintheownerandhisfamily.C：Theyweretouchedbytheowner'shospitality. D：Theywereconvincedoftheowner'shonestyandsincerity.答案：D3、Theskillinbeingastudentconsistsingettingone'sdailystudyasneartheoptimum（最佳旳）pointaspossible.Icannottellyouwhattheoptimumis.Itdifferswiththetypeofwork,itdiffersfrompersontoperson,andeveninthesamepersonitvariesfromweektoweek.Youmusttrytofindyourown.Everydayyoustudy,bearthisprincipleoftheoptimuminmind.Whenyoufeelyourselfgettingfatigued,ifyoufindyourselfrepeatedlyreadingoverthesameparagraphandnottakingitin,that'saprettygoodsignyou'vereachedthecrest（最高点）forthedayandshouldstop.Mostordinarystudentsfindtheiroptimumataboutfivehoursaday.Yoursmaybealittlemoreoralittleless-butifyougetinfivehours'goodworkaday,youwillbedoingwell.Now,whatareyoudoingwithyourselfwhenyouaren'tworking?Beforeexaminationssomestudentsdonothingatallexceptsitinachairandworry.Thisisamisunderstanding.Peopletooeasilythinkofthemindasifitworkedlikethebody;itdoesnot.Ifonewantedtoconservephysicalenergytocutthemaximumamountoffirewood,onewouldlieflatonabedandrestwhenonewasn'tchopping.Butthemindcannotrest.Eveninsleepyoudream,evenifyouforgetyourdreams.Themindisalwaysturning.Itgetsitsrelaxationonlybyvariety.Thatiswhatmakesmentalrest.Sowhenyou'vereachedyouroptimumpointyoumuststop.Youmustgooutanddosomething.Itdoesn'tmatterwhat-anythingsolongasyouareactivelydoingsomethingelsebutwork.(1)、Forastudentwhowantstobeanefficientlearner,it'susefulto______.A：spendasmuchtimeaspossibleonstudyeveryday B：makegooduseofthesparetimeC：gethisstudyasneartheoptimumpointaspossible D：strikeabalancebetweenworkandplay 答案：C(2)、______isagoodsignthatastudentshasreachedthecrestfortheday.A：Havingtroublesleeping B：ReadingwithoutabsorbingthematerialC：Gettingtiredofone'sreadingassignment D：Feelingunabletofollowtheteacher 答案：B(3)、People'smisunderstandingaboutthemindisthat______.A：themindworksthesamewayasthebody B：theminddoesn'tneedtohavearestC：havingagoodrestwilldoharmtothemind D：ahealthybodyresultsfromahealthymind 答案：A(4)、Thebodyisdifferentfromthemindbecause______.A：itneedsresttoregainenergy B：performingdifferenttaskscanhelpthebodyregainenergyC：ithastheenergyoptimumpoint D：beingtiredwillaffectitsperformance 答案：A(5)、Thebestwaytorelaxthemindafterstudyisto______.A：gotobedandhaveagoodsleep B：gooverthelessononehaslearnedC：refertothenotebookagainandagainforbetterunderstanding D：trysomethingdifferentinanactiveway 答案：D4、Humanneedsseemendless.Whenahungrymangetsameal,hebeginstothinkaboutanovercoat,whenamanagergetsanewsportscar,abighouseandpleasureboatsdanceintoview.Themanyneedsofmankindmightberegardedasmakingupseverallevels.Whenthereismoneyenoughtosatisfyonelevelofneeds,anotherlevelappears.Thefirstandmostbasiclevelofneedsinvolvesfood.Oncethislevelissatisfied,thesecondlevelofneeds,clothingandsomesortofshelter,appears.BytheendofWorldWarII,theseneedsweresatisfiedforagreatmajorityofAmericans.Thenathirdlevelappeared.Itincludedsuchitemsasautomobilesandnewhouses.By1957or1958thisthirdlevelofneedswasfairlywellsatisfied.Then,inthelate1950s,afourthlevelofneedsappeared:the"life-enriching"level.Whiletheotherlevelsinvolvephysicalsatisfaction,thatis,thefeeding,comfort,safety,andtransportation,thislevelstressesmentalneedsforrecognition,achievement,andhappiness.Itincludesavarietyofgoodsandservices,manyofwhichcouldbecalled"luxury"items.Amongthemarevacationtrips,thebestmedicalanddentalcare,andrecreation.Alsoincludedherearefancygoodsandthelateststylesinclothing.Onthefourthlevel,alotofmoneyisspentonservices,whileonthefirstthreelevelsmoreisspentongoods.Willconsumersraisetheirsightstoafifthlevelofneedsastheirincomeincreases,orwilltheycontinuetodemandluxuriesandpersonalservicesonthefourthlevel?Afifthlevelwouldprobablyinvolveneedsthatcanbeachievedbestbycommunityaction.Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionagainstdisease,ignorance,crime,andprejudice.Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothesclosets,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.(1)、Accordingtothepassage,manwillbegintothinkaboutsuchneedsashousingandclothingonlywhen______.A：hehasgrowndissatisfiedwithhissimpleshelter B：hehassavedupenoughmoneyC：hehassatisfiedhishunger D：hehaslearnedtobuildhouses 答案：C(2)、ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatbytheendofWorldWarII,mostAmericans______.A：livedinpoverty B：wereveryrich C：hadthegoodthingsonthefirstthreelevels D：didnotownautomobiles答案：D(3)、WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedto"physicalsatisfaction"?A：Asuccessfulcareer. B：Acomfortablehome. C：Agoodmeal. D：Afamilycar. 答案：A(4)、Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?A：Themoregoodsthebetter. B：Themore"luxury"itemsthebetter.C：Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter. D：Themoreearningsthebetter.答案：C(5)、Theauthortendstothinkthatthefifthlevel______.A：wouldbelittlebetterthanthefourthlevel B：maybealotmoredesirablethanthefirstfourC：canbethelastlevel D：willbecomeattainablebeforethegovernmenttakesactions 答案：B5、Thoughsomepeoplehavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkinordertoleavemorejobsformen,theideahasbeenrejectedbybothwomenandmeninpublicopinionpolls.Latelysomeunionofficialshavesuggestedthattoomanywomenareemployedintypeofworkmoresuitableformenandthatwomenshouldstepasidetomakewayforunemployedyoungmen.Theyarguethatwomen-especiallywomenintheirchildbearingyearsactuallydelayeconomicdevelopmentandresultinlowerproductivity,poorqualityandinefficiency.Tosolvetheproblem,theyhavesuggestedthattheworkingwomenstayathomewhiletheirhusbandsorbrothersweregivendoublewages.Theyarguethatunderthesecircumstances,familieswouldretaintheirsamelevelofincome,andwomencouldrunthehouseandraisechildrenmuchbetter.Thesuggestionhasbeenrejectedby9outof10peoplepolled.Ahundredpersonsinabigcitywerequestionedlastsummer.Outof50women,46saidtheywereunwillingtoleavetheirjobs,nomatterwhatthesituationwas.Theother4saidtheywouldliketoreturnhomeiftheirjobscouldbetakenbytheirsonsordaughters.Of50menpolled,only6saidtheywouldliketoseetheirwivesgiveuptheirjobs,ifitmeanthigherwagesforthemselves.Someotherpeoplehavesuggestedanotherwaycalled"phasedemploymenttheory".Thetheorysuggeststhatawomanworkertakeleavefromherjobwhensheissevenmonthspregnantandstayoffthejobuntilherbabyreachestheageof3.Itsuggeststhatwomenonleavereceive75percentoftheirnormalsalaryandbeallowedtoreturntoworkafterthe3-yearperiod.Thiswillbenefitchildren,women,theirfamiliesandthesociety.Someofthosepolled,bothwomenandmen,felttheideaisagoodone.Itdefinitelyseemstobemoreacceptablethanthesuggestionthatwomenreturntohomeforever.(1)、Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatwomenshouldreturnhomebecause______.A：allofthemareemployedinunsuitabletypesofwork B：theirparticipationinworkhasabadinfluenceontheeconomicdevelopmentC：mostskilledmaleworkersarenowunemployed D：nowadaysnoonecantakecareofchildrenexceptwomen答案：B(2)、Someunionofficialshavesuggestedthatifwomenresigntheirjobs,______.A：theyshouldbeallowedtoattendschooltobetrained B：theirjobsshouldbetakenoverbythemalemembersoftheirfamiliesC：themaleemployeesintheirfamiliesshouldreceivedoublewages D：theirchildrenshouldalsoleavetheirkindergartens答案：C(3)、Accordingtothepassage,thesuggestionthatwomenshouldreturntohouseworkwas______.A：opposedbymostmenandwomen B：welcomedbymenonlyC：welcomedbywomenonly D：welcomedbymenandwomen 答案：A(4)、Accordingtothepassagewecansee"phasedemployment"means______A：twoormorewomensharethesamejob B：womenstayathomeonweekdaysandgotoworkonweekendsorholidaysC：awomanshouldresignherjobforeverifshehasachildD：womenareallowedtotakeleavefromtheirjobsduringtheirchildbearingyears 答案：D(5)、Basedonthe"phasedemployment"theory,duringawoman'sleavefromherjob______.A：herworkshouldbedonebyherhusbandorbrothers B：herfamily'sincomelevelwillbealittlelowerthanitnormallyisC：herfamilycanstillkeepthesamelevelofincome D：eitherherhusbandorherbrotherswillbegivendoublewages答案：B6、Manystudieshaveidentifiedastronglinkbetweensuicideanddiagnosablementalillness,especiallydepression.So,becausewomensufferfromdepressionatamuchhigherratethanmen,theywouldseemtobeathigherriskforsuicide.Yet,womenactuallycommitsuicideaboutone-fourthasoftenasmen.GeorgeE.Murphy,professorofpsychiatryatWashingtonuniversityschoolofMedicineinSt.Louis,saysthatfemalesmaybeprotectedbecauseofthewaytheythinkaboutproblemsandinteractwithothers."Womenprocesstheirexperiencewithfriends.Theydiscusstheirfeelings,seekfeedback,andtakeadvice.Theyaremuchmorelikelytotellaphysicianhowtheyfeelandcooperateintheprescribedtreatment.Asaresult,womengetbettertreatmentfortheirdepression."Thattreatmentmayhelpprotectthemfromsuicide,butMurphysuggeststhereismoretoit.Theapproachtoproblem-solvingiswhatoftenlandsawomaninapsychiatrist'sofficeinthefirstplace,andthatapproachmaybekeepingfemalesuiciderateslower.Murphybelieveswomenarelessinclinedtocommitsuicidebecausetheirthinkingismoreinclusive.Whileamanmighttendtothrowasideseeminglyperipheral（非本质旳，边缘旳）issuestogettothecoreofaproblem,awomanmighttakemorethingsintoaccount.Shemaycontinuetoseekinputandprocessproblemslongafterthepointwheremendecideonacourseofaction."She'llconsidernotjustherfeelings,butalsothefeelingsofothers-herfamily,thechildren,evenacquaintances-andhowthesepeoplewillbeaffectedbyadecisionlikesuicide.Amanismuchlesslikelytotakethosethingsintoaccount.Hemakeshisdecision,andit'sabouthim,sohedoesnotfeeltheneedtoshareitwithanyoneelse."(1)、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A：Therelationshipbetweendepressionandsuicide. B：Women'shigherrateofdepressionthanman.C：Reasonsforwomen'slowerriskofcommittingsuicide. D：Thetreatmentofmentalillnessessuchasdepression.答案：C(2)、Femalesgetbettertreatmentfortheirdepressionperhapsbecause______.A：theyaremoreconcernedabouttheirhealth B：theyhavemoreexperienceindealingwithdepressionC：theymaydiscusstheirfeelingswithadoctorandbecooperative D：theyaremoreafraidofsuicide 答案：C(3)、Theword"inclusive"inparagraph4probablymeans______.A：comprehensive B：liberal C：open-minded D：firm-minded 答案：A(4)、Itisimpliedthatamancanreducehischanceofcommittingsuicideifhe______.A：goesstraighttothecoreofaproblem B：doesnotallowhimselftobeinfluencedbyhisacquaintancesC：consultsapsychiatristregularly D：changesthewayhethinksaboutproblemsandinteractwithothers 答案：D(5)、Whenamansuffersfromdepression,itistypicalofhimto______.A：processhisfeelingsandseekadvice B：considerjusthisfeelingswhenhemakesadecisionC：throwasideobviouslyimportantissues D：actinahostilemannertowardsapsychiatrist. 答案：B7、Inthesamewaythatachildmustbeabletomovehisarmsandlegsbeforehecanlearntowalk,thechildmustphysiologicallybecapableofproducingandexperiencingparticularemotionsbeforetheseemotionscanbemodifiedthroughlearning.Psychologistshavefoundthattherearetwobasicprocessesbywhichlearningtakesplace.Onekindoflearningiscalled"classicalconditioning".Thisoccurswhenoneeventorstimulusisconsistentlypairedwith,orfollowedby,arewardorpunishment.Itisthroughclassicalconditioningthatachildlearnstoassociatehismother'sfaceandvoicewithhappinessandlove,forhelearnsthatthispersonprovidesfoodandcomfort.Negativeemotionsarelearnedinasimilarfashion.Thesecondkindoflearningiscalled"operantconditioning".Anindividuallearnstodothingsthatproducerewardsinhisenvironmentandlearnsnottodothingsthatproducepunishments.Forexample,ifamotheralwaysattendstoherbabywhenhecriesandcuddleshimuntilheisquiet,shemayteachhimthatifhecrieshewillgetattentionfrommother.Thus,thebabywilllearntoincreasehiscryinginordertohavehismothermore.Everyday,wegrowandhavenewexperiences.Weconstantlylearnbyreading,watchingtelevision,interactingwithotherpeopleandsoforth.Thislearningaffectsouremotions.Whyisitthatwelearntolikesomepeopleanddislikeothers?Ifapersonisnicetous,caresaboutus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithpositivefeelings,suchasjoy,happiness,andfriendliness.Ontheotherhand,ifapersonismeantous,doesnotcareaboutus,andevendeliberatelydoesthingstoharmus,welearntoassociatethispersonwithnegativefeelings,suchasunhappiness,discomfort,andanger.(1)、Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto______.A：giveparentssomeadviceonhowtobringupchildren B：debatewithpsychologistsonpeople'spositiveandnegativefeelingsC：teachchildrenhowtolearntoproduceandexperiencecertainemotionsD：informthegeneralreaderoftwobasicprocessesofmodifyingemotionsthroughlearning 答案：D(2)、Inclassicalconditioning,achildlearnsto______.A：associateoneeventwitharewardorpunishment B：dothingsthatproducerewardsC：receivearewardwhenhefeelhappy D：recognizehismother'sfaceandvoice 答案：A(3)、Whichofthefollowingisacaseof"operantconditioning"?A：Childrenlearntodothingsthatproducepunishment. B：Thebabyfeelshappywhenheseeshismother'sface.C：Childrenlearntomixwithothersbyreading,watchingTVandsoforth.D：Thebabyincreaseshiscryingbecausehismotherattendstohimwheneverhecries. 答案：D(4)、Theunderlinedword"fashion"canbereplacedby"______".A：vogue B：route C：manner D：fate 答案：C(5)、Accordingtothepassage,positivefeelingsinclude______.A：care,association,andniceperson B：joy,happiness,andfriendlinessC：comfort,cares,andanger D：reading,watchingTV,andinteractingwithothers 答案：B8、Manycountriesfaceasomewhatmoreseriouseconomicproblemintheformofanunfavorabletradebalancewithothernations.Suchanimbalanceexistswhenthetotalvalueofacountry'simportsexceedsthatofitsexports.Forexample,ifacountrybuys$25billionofproductsfromothercountries,yetsellsonly$10billionofitsownproductsoverseas,itstradedeficit（贸易逆差）is$15billion.Manyunderdevelopednationsfindthemselvesinthispositionbecausetheylacknaturalresourcesortheindustrialcapacitytousetheseresources,andthushavetoimportrawmaterialsormanufacturedgoods.Oneeffectofatradedeficitistheflowofcurrencyoutofacountry.Inthecaseofanunderdevelopednation,thiscancausemanyfinancialdifficulties,includingfailuretomeetdebtpaymentsandobstaclestocreationofanindustrialbase.EveninthecaseofafullydevelopednationsuchastheUnitedStates,alargetradedeficitisareasonforalarm.Americanproducts,madebywell-paidworkersinU.S.industries,costmoretoproducethanthosemadeinplaceslikeAsia,wherelaborandmaterialcostsaremuchlower.Moneyspentonforeignproductsismoneynotspentonitemsproducedbydomesticindustries.(1)、Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?A：Someworldwideeconomicproblems. B：Thecauseandconsequencesoftradedeficit.C：Lackofresourcesinunderdevelopedcountries. D：Highlaborandmaterialcostsindevelopedcountries. 答案：B(2)、Accordingtothepassage,atradeimbalanceoccurswhen______.A：acountryisfacingseriousfinancialproblems B：acountrybuysmorefromothercountriesthanitsellsoverseasC：thevalueofacountry'sexportsisgreaterthanthatofitsimportsD：productsimportedaremoreexpensivethanthoseexported答案：B(3)、Manyunderdevelopedcountrieshavetradedeficitsbecause______.A：theyfailedtomeetdebtpayments B：theyexportmostoftheirnaturalresourcestoothercountriesC：theyborrowtoomuchmoneyfromothercountries D：theyhavetoimportmostoftheirmanufacturedproducts答案：D(4)、WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasapossiblecauseofatradeimbalance?A：Theflowofcurrencyofthecountry. B：LowlaborandmaterialcostsinAsiancountries.C：Lackofnaturalresources. D：Lackoftheindustrialcapacitytousetheresources. 答案：A(5)、ItcanbeinferredfromthispassagethatAmericanindustries______.A：donotpaytheirworkerssufficiently B：arehurtbyatradeimbalanceC：importedlaborandmaterialfromabroad D：areabletopreventatradedeficit 答案：B9、ThejudgmentoftheEnglishmanbyallotherEuropeanpeoplesisthatheisthemostsuspicious,themostreserved,themostunfriendly,thecoldest-heartedofallwesternpeoples.AskaFrenchman,anItalian,aGerman,aSpaniard,evenanAmerican,whathethinksaboutEnglishmen;andeveryoneofthemwilltellyoutheverysamething.ThisispreciselywhatthecharacterofmenwouldbecomewhohadlivedforthousandsofyearsintheconditionsofnorthernEuropeanland.But,ontheotherhand,youwouldfindthatallnationswouldspeakhighlyofcertainotherEnglishqualities-energy,courage,honour,justice.Theywouldsaythat,althoughnomanissodifficulttomakefriendswith,thefriendshipofanEnglishmanoncegainedisstrongerandtruerthananyother.Andasthebattleoflifestillcontinues,andmustcontinueforthousandsofyearstocome,itmustbeacknowledgedthattheEnglishcharacterisespeciallywellsuitableforthestruggle.Itsreserves,itscautions,itsdoubts,itssuspicions-thesehavebeenforitinthepast,andarestillinthepresent.Itisnotalovablenoramiablecharacter;itisnotevenkindly.TheEnglishmanofthebesttypeismuchmoreinclined（倾向于）tojusticethanheistobekind,forkindnessisanemotionalimpulse,andtheEnglishmandoesn'tlikeeverykindofemotionalimpulse.Butwithallthis,thecharacterisagreatone,anditssuccesshasbeenthebestproofofitsvalue.(1)、TheEnglishmanischaracterizedas______.A：suspiciousandopen-minded B：reservedandfriendly C：suspiciousandwarm-hearted D：cold-heartedandunfriendly 答案：D(2)、Accordingtotheauthor,themainfactorwhichhasshapedtheEnglishcharacterisa______one.A：geographical B：economical C：psychological D：political 答案：A(3)、CertainotherEnglishqualitiessuchascourage,energy,andhonorare______.A：ignoredbyEuropeans B：praisedbyEuropeans C：ignoredbythemselves D：praisedbythemselves答案：B(4)、Itseemsthatitismostdifficultto______anEnglishman.A：speakhighlyof B：takecareof C：makefriendswith D：fightagainst 答案：C(5)、TheEnglishmanprefers______to______.A：beingonguard,emotionalimpulse B：justice,kindness C：value,success D：beingtrue,friendship 答案：B18、DuringPaleolithic（旧石器）timesmanbecamemanbylearningtospeak,tomaketoolsandtousefire.Thisgavehimanenormousadvantageoverotheranimalsabouthim.Yetinonefundamentalrespectheremainedaliketothem.Hewasstillahunteramongotherhunters.Hewasstillafoodgathereraswerecountlessotherspeciesthatwerecompletelydependentonthebounty（恩赐）ofnature.Andbeingdependentonthenature,hewasdominatedbynature.Hehadtobeconstantlyonthemoveinordertofollowanimalsandtolocatefishinggrounds.Hehadtoliveinsmallgroupsbecausenotmanycouldfindenoughfoodtosupportthemselvesinagivenareaifhelivedalone.Itisestimatedthateveninfertileareaswithamildwinter,onlyoneortwofoodcollectorscouldsupportthemselvespersquaremile.Andtwentyoreventhirtysquaremileswereneededforeachhumansoulinregionsofcoldclimate,tropicaljungleordesert.Suchdependenceonnatureleftitsmarkonallaspectsofhumansociety.Butthisdependencewasgreatlyreducedwhenmanmadetheepochal（纪元旳）discoverythathecouldfeedhimselfbygrowinghisfoodaswellasbygatheringit.I