高考英语二轮复习讲练测专题13：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测（含解析）

►专题13阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题考点精考点精讲【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。当词或短语之间有并列连词and或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。(5)根据因果关系进行猜测。在一篇文章中，根据原因可以预测结果；同样，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测。文章中的代词it，that，this，he，him或them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时还需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。【典例剖析1】Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithregularlytakingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeoplesaidthattheywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthisthe“selfiesparadox”:theideathatweliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople’sselfiesonline.41.Whatdoestheword“paradox”(paragraph5)mean?A.complicatedstatements B.contradictorystatementsC.constructivestatements D.complimentarystatements[解析]词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“theideathatweliketakingselfiesbutseriouslydislikelookingatotherpeople’sselfiesonline.”可知，我们喜欢自拍，但不喜欢在网上看别人的自拍，这两点是相互矛盾的，由此可知画线词词义为“相互矛盾的说法”，故B项正确。【典例剖析2】Takethemysteryofmigrationforexample.Scientistscan’treallyexplainwhymanyspeciesofbirdsmigrateintheautumneventhoughthetemperatureisstillsummery.Thebirdsjustseemtosnubthecomfortableweatherthattheyarehaving.Whenacertaintimecomes,theytravelsouthbythethousand.Inspringtime,theymigratenorthwardswhenthoughthereprobablyissnowstillcoveringthegroundwhentheyfinallyarrive.Somethingsaid“go”,andtheydid.37.Theunderlinedword“snub”inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans________.A.fightB.ignoreC.symbolize D.criticize[解析]词句猜测题。根据上文Scientistscan’treallyexplainwhymanyspeciesofbirdsmigrateintheautumneventhoughthetemperatureisstillsummery.(科学家无法真正解释为什么许多鸟类在秋天迁徙，即使温度仍然是夏季。)可推断划线句Thebirdsjustseemtosnubthecomfortableweatherthattheyarehaving．句意：鸟儿似乎在忽视它们所拥有的舒适的天气。结合下文Whenacertaintimecomes,theytravelsouthbythethousand.(当某一时刻到来时，它们大批大批地向南旅行。)可知，候鸟不管天气如何，只要到了某个时间就会迁徙，因此推断划线词词义为“忽视”，与ignore意思相近。故答案为B。【典例剖析3】NervoussuspectslockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrime,theblueonthewallmighttipthebalance.56.Theexpression“tipthebalance”inparagraph1probablyindicatesthatthebluemight_________.A.letsuspectskeeptheirbalance.B.makesuspectscoldandunfriendlyinlawcourt.C.helpsuspectstoconfesstheircrimes.D.enablesuspectstochangetheirattitudestocolours.[解析]词义猜测题。根据Nervoussuspects(嫌疑犯)lockedupinBritain'snewestpolicestationmayfeelrelievedbyapleasantyellowcolouronthedoor.Iftheyareclosetoconfessingacrime,theblueonthewallmighttipthebalance可知，黄色和蓝色是让人放松心情的颜色，所以在坦白罪行的时候能够缓解情绪，有利于罪行的交代，故选C。【典例剖析4】Iguessthatthere’sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon…Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I’lldoit.”57.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings”inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork. B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds. D.Provideadvice.[解析]词义猜测题。根据划线前句shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.和下面的一句话ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren’tevenon...可知，作者为了劝服这位家长，举了两个例子。故可知，划线句此处应是“煽情”之意。故选B。2．句意猜测题句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。具体技巧如下：(1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。(2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。【典例剖析1】Breathtakingsceneryandfamoussightseverywhere.FromthelegendaryIslandofCapritothehauntingruinsofPompeii,andfromtheunforgettable“AmalfiDrive”tothedelightfulresortsofPositano,SorrentoandRavello,theareaisafeastfortheeyes!Shouldyouchoosetojoinus,weknowthatyouwillnotbedisappointed!62.Theunderlinedpart“theareaisafeastfortheeyes”inthepassagemeans__________.

A.theareaispleasingtotheeye

B.theareaisreallyunforgettableC.theareacatchesthetourists’eye

D.theareaiscrowdedwithtourists[解析]句子理解题。根据这一段中“Breathtaking

scenery

and

famous

sights

everywhere

.可猜测出the

areaisafeastfor

the

eyes的意思是“这个地方非常令人赏心悦目，故选A。【典例剖析2】Londonresolvedtoliveafull，excitinglife．Heoncesaid，"Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow，thanasleepyandpermanentplanet．"Eachday，hepushedhimself．OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter，nothingcouldstophim．Hisgoalwastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday．Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick．Ineighteenyears，thewriterpublishedfifty﹣onebooksandhundredsofarticles．Hewasthebest﹣sellingandhighest﹣paidauthorofhisday．Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter．WhiteFangandTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness．ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon'senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimetheyopenoneofhisnovels．TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon．A．isexpertatuniverse．B．aimshighandstrivetosucceed．C．isexcitedaboutlifeifthewildness．D．faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath．[解析]句子理解。根据最后一段Heoncesaid，"Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow，thanasleepyandpermanentplanet．"Eachday，hepushedhimself．他曾说："我宁愿成为一颗卓越的流星，我的每一个原子都在灿烂的光辉中，也不愿成为一个沉睡的、永恒的行星．"每天，他都在鞭策自己．可知暗示JackLondon要制定高远目标奋斗到成功，故选B．_____真题演练真题演练[方法1]根据上下文语境进行猜测猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以可借助上下文对需要猜测的词、短语或句子进行合乎逻辑的推测。【典例1】SalvadorDali(1904～1989)wasoneofthemostpopularofmodernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerfulpersonalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongtheworksandmasterworksonexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceofMemory.ThereisalsoL'EnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreenandselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartist'sshowmanqualities.ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.Theexhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities(无限),“Fromtheinfinitysmalltotheinfinitylarge，contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowyBaroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum－theatreinFigueras,”explainsthePompidouCentre.Thefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecollaboration(合作)withtheMuseoNacionalReinaSofiainMadrid，Spain，andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg,Florida.Whatdoestheword“contributions”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Artworks. B．Projects.C．Donations. D．Documents.[解析]根据最后一段可知，多家博物馆通力合作，共同精选展出作品。文中提到像西班牙马德里的博物馆和圣彼德斯堡的博物馆这样的机构也提供萨尔瓦多·达利的作品参加展览。由此推测，contributions指“作品”。[答案]A[方法2]根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测英语文章中的代词one，it，that，them等可以指上文提到的人或事物。有时代词与指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事物。【典例2】YoumaynothaveheardofAshoka，butforthepast27years，thisassociation，foundedbyBillDrayton，hasfoughtpovertyandsickness，promotededucationandencouragedsmallbusinesses.Tosupporttheseworthycauses，Ashokaprovidesmoneyfortheworld'smostpromising“changemakers”seekingtosolveurgentproblemsandwouldliketocreateaworldinwhicheverycitizenisachangemaker.Draytonbelievesthatanyonecanbecomeanagentforchange.Theimportantthingistosimplygiveyourselfpermission.Ifyouseeaproblemthatyoucareabout，youcanhelpsolveit.Theyounginparticulararewillingtoacceptthisconceptbecauseathearteverychildwantstogrowintoahappy，healthy，contributingadult.Infact，itismanyyoungpeople'sambitiontosetupprogrammesorbusinessesthatimprovesocialconditions.AnexcellentexampleisanAshokaprojectstartedin1995inDhaka，whichhandledtherubbishproblemfacingthecity，helpedlocalfarmersandprovidedanincomeforpoorpeoplethere.WhenMasqsoodandIftekharbegantostudytheproblemofalltheuncollectedrubbishthatlayinDhaka'sstreets，attractingratsanddisease，theydiscoveredthat80%ofitwasnaturalwaste.Sotheyeducatedthepoorpeopleinthecitytocompost(把……制成堆肥)thiswaste.Theyknewthattheywouldhaveamarketfortheendproductbecauselocalfarmerswerestrugglingwithchemicalfertilisers(化肥)whichwereexpensiveandhadreducedthenaturalmineralsinthesoilovertheyears.Atfirst，theywererefused，butoncetheywereabletopersuadethemthattherewasmoneytobemade，theprojecttookoff.In2009saleswere$14,000.DraytonisoptimisticthatintenyearsAshokawillbemakingreallyserious，practicalprogressinbringingaboutsocialchangebychangingthewaywelookateconomicdevelopment.Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3probablyrefersto“________”．A．thelocalfarmersB．MasqsoodandIftekharC．DraytonandhisteamD．thepoorpeopleinthecity[解析]考查代词指代。在1995年，Masqsood和Iftekhar教城里的穷人把垃圾制成堆肥，因为他们认为这些化肥会有市场。起初他们遭到了拒绝，但是当他们使这些人信服这样做有钱可赚时，这一项目得以实施。故画线的them指代“thepoorpeopleinthecity”。[答案]D[方法3]根据同义或类比关系进行猜测当词语被并列连词and，oraswellas所连接或词语之间有justas，like，similarly等时，前后的两项内容在含义上是接近的或相近的，由此可确定同等关系中的某个生词或短语所表达的意义。【典例3】[1]．..[2]．..[3]Somethingelse，however，hasbeenontherise.WhileGMseedsareexpensive，GMcompaniestellfarmersthattheywillmakegoodprofitsbysavingmoneyonpesticides(杀虫剂)．Onthecontrary，USgovernmentdatashowthatGMcropsintheUShaveproducedanoverallincreaseinpesticideusecomparedtotraditionalcrops.“Thepromisewasthatyoucoulduselesschemicalsandboostproduction.Butneitheristrue,”saidBillChristison,PresidentoftheUSNationalFamilyFarmCoalition....[解析]联系上下文及boost所在句子的意思可知，其承诺是你能够使用很少的化学物质并且可以提高产量，本题的关键词为and。[答案]D[方法4]根据定义或解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。此类由定义或解释来猜测词义的方法很多：①表示定义关系的常见信息词有be，mean，represent，becalled/named，beconsidered，bedefinedas(被定义为)，beknownas，referto等；②表示同位关系的常见信息词有thatis，thatistosay，inotherwords，namely，orrather(精确地说)等；③有些生词会以破折号、括号、逗号、冒号等暗示读者，解释说明前面的词。【典例4】[1]．..[2]Doyouknowwhata“territory”is?Aterritoryisanareathatananimal，usuallythemale，claimsasitsown.Onlyheandhisfamilyarewelcomethere.Nootherfamiliesofthesamespeciesarewelcome.Youryardandhouseareyourterritorywhereonlyyourfamilyandfriendsarewelcome.Ifastrangershouldenteryourterritoryandthreatenyou，youmightshout.Probablythiswouldbeenoughtofrightenhimaway....Whatisabird's“territory”？A．Aplacewherefamiliesofotherspeciesarenotaccepted.B．Aplacewhereabirdmayshoutatthetopofitsvoice.C．Anareaforwhichbirdsfightagainsteachother.D．Anareawhichabirdconsiderstobeitsown.[解析]文章第二段首先提出什么是“territory”，紧跟着就是对“territory”的解释，由定义可推知，这里“territory”指的是“鸟类的地盘”。[答案]D[方法5]根据转折或对比关系进行猜测在一个句子或段落中，有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述，考生可以利用这种关系猜词悟义。表示对比关系的词语主要有however，but，instead，despite，unlike，yet，while，whereas(反之，而，却)，ratherthan，insteadof，inspiteof，onthecontrary，ontheotherhand，incontrast等。【典例5】Therewasagardenerwholookedafterhisgardenwithgreatcare.Towaterhisflowers，heusedtwobuckets.Onewasashinyandnewbucket.Theotherwasaveryoldanddilapidatedone，whichhadseenmanyyearsofservice，butwasnowpastitsbest.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dilapidated”probablymean?A．Dirty. B．Dark.C．Worn－out. D．Plain－looking.[解析]由“one...theother...”结构可知，“oldanddilapidated”对应前面的“shinyandnew”。由此可判断dilapidated的意思应与shinyandnew相反，即worn－out。[答案]C[方法6]根据举例进行猜测在一些阅读材料中，为了阐明某一种重要观点或者讲清楚某一抽象概念，作者往往采取举例的方式对这一观点或概念进行具体的说明和解释，从而使读者理解得更具体些，而这些例子恰好为猜测词义提供了重要线索。表示列举关系的信息词有like，forexample，forinstance，suchas，include等。【典例6】...Inhisbook，hehadchallengedreaderstomakedeepcutsinpersonalemissionstokeeptheworldfromreachingextremelyimportanttippingpoints，suchasthemeltingoftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica...Theunderlinedwords“tippingpoints”mostprobablyreferto“________”．A．freezingpoints B．burningpointsC．meltingpoints D．boilingpoints[解析]本题要求猜测tippingpoints的意思，根据下文的例子“suchasthemelting(融化)oftheicesheetsinGreenlandorWestAntarctica”可知，tippingpoints的意思为“融化点”，与C项同义。[答案]C[方法7]根据因果关系进行猜测在有些文章或段落中，两种现象或两个事物之间可能会构成因果关系，可以利用这种关系来猜测词义。【典例7】[1]．..[2]Ofcourse，thegoodofoxenisnotlimitedtoplowing.Infact，theyareseenas“boatsonland”fortheirabilitytocarryloads.Besides，thewholebodyofanoxisfulloftreasures.Theirmeatandmilkarefoodfullofnutrition，andtheirskincanbeusedtomakeclothesandshoes.Withallthesequalities，oxenareregardedasgenerouscreatures....Thewords“boatsonland”underlinedinParagraph2referto________.A．animalsfortakinggoodsB．creaturesforpullingplowsC．treasuresofthefolkcultureD．toolsinthefarmingeconomy[解析]画线部分后的fortheirabilitytocarryloads是对前面的解释说明，由此可以很轻松地得到结果：牛被看作“陆地之舟”，是一种运输货物的动物。[答案]A[方法8]根据构词法进行猜测阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un,fore,see,able；其中see是词根，fore是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。1．根据前缀猜测词义例如：Doyouhaveanystrongopiniononco-educationalorsingle-sexschools?根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：＂男女同校教育的＂意思。2．根据后缀猜测词义例如：It'saquiet,comfortablehoteloverlooking(俯瞰)thebayinanuncommercializedCornishfishingvillageonEngland'smostsoutherlypoint．后缀-ise/ize意思是＂使成为…；使…化＂，结合词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出uncommercialized的意思是：＂未被商业化的＂。3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例如：Goodtooldesignisimportantinthepreventionofoveruseinjuries.Well-designedtoolsandequipmentwillrequirelessforcetooperatethemandpreventawkward（别扭的）handpositions.Well-designed或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well（好，优秀）和design（设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是＂设计精巧的＂意思。Weliveinatechnologicalsocietywheremostgoodsaremass-producedbyunskilledlabor.Becauseofthis,mostpeoplethatcraft(手艺)nolongerexists.根据合成词中的mass（大量的）和produce（生产），我们可以推测mass-produce的意思是：＂大批量生产；规模生产＂的意思。【例】…Bakerconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey’rebeingstaredat.Ifpeopledoubttheoutcomeofhistwoexperiments,saidBaker,“Isuggesttheyrepeattheexperimentsandseeforthemselves.”…70.Theunderlinedword“outcome”inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________________.A.value B.resultC.performance D.connection【答案】B【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组comeout的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。词汇拓展1.合成法man-made handwriting copyright greenhouse all-round typewriterbreakthrough high-classblacklist one-way English-speaking2.派生法A.否定前缀un-（不）unimportant in-/im-/ir-/il-（不）impossibledis-（不）dislike mis-（不）misunderstandB.其他前缀re-（再）rebuild inter-（互）interchangepre-（前）preschool anti-（反）antifreezenon-（否）nonprofitC.名词后缀-er（人）teacher -er（物）cooker-ician（人）physicianD.形容词后缀-able（能）eatable -less（否）homelessE.动词后缀-en（使）widen -fy（使）satisfy-ize（使）modernize英语单词大多是由词根、词头(前缀)和词尾(后缀)所组成的。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义或改变词性。掌握前缀、后缀规律有助于理解词义。如un－，im－，in－，dis－，il－等前缀与－less等后缀可构成反义词，后缀－ful，－ly，－ism，－ness等可改变词性。_____好题必好题必测2022年6月新高考I卷C篇WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.”30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C。2022年6月新高考II卷B篇ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.【答案】B【解析】词句猜测题。根据第一段“Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.”以及画线词后文“asIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。2022年1月浙江卷A篇Fornearlyadecadenow,Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis（危机）inthelate2000s．Thedownturnhittherealestate（房地产）firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday,whiledrivingnearherhome,shesawadogwanderingontheroad,clearlylost.Shetookithome,andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure,but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth'spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesher

wanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace,shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming,heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniancoast,awayfromherparents,wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn'tworkinsummer,asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar,evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes,shegetsrestlessthesameoldwanderlustreturning.It'sacallshemusthandle

alone,though.Merebethsays,"WhenI'montheroad,I'mjustinmyownworld.I'vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImust

helpanimals."Theword“wanderlust"inparagraph2meansadesireto_?A.makemoney.

B.tryvariousjobs.C.beclosetonature.

D.traveltodifferentplaces.【解析】猜测词义题。根据第一段IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana,WashingtonandOregon,shesaysproudly.

意思为：她很骄傲的说,这个工作带她到了全美国除蒙大拿,华盛顿,俄勒冈以外的所有的州。可知，她很喜欢到不同的地方旅行。以及第二段：This

wanderlust

isinheritedfromherfather,shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold,becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.

遗传自她的父亲也喜欢探索新地方。故答案选D。2021年6月北京卷Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespecially

germane

inthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations.Notverylongago,itwasalsounthinkablethataviruswouldshutdownnationsandthatsafetynetswouldbeprovensodisastrouslylackinginflexibility.Theinternationalscholars'warningletterdoesn'tsayexactlywhatcollapsewilllooklikeorwhenitmighthappen.Collapseology,thestudyofcollapse,ismoreconcernedwithidentifyingtrendsandwiththemthedangersofeverydaycivilization.Amongthesignatories（签署者）ofthewarningwasBobJohnson,theoriginatorofthe"ecologicalfootprint"concept,whichmeasuresthetotalamountofenvironmentalinputneededtomaintainagivenlifestyle.Withthecurrentfootprintofhumanity,"itseemsthatglobalcollapseiscertaintohappeninsomeform,possiblywithinadecade,certainlywithinthiscentury,"Johnsonsaidinanemail.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"germane"inParagraph3probablymean?A.Scientific.B.Credible.C.Original.D.Relevant.【解析】本文介绍了在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。作者同时也表达了对全球崩溃的认识的担忧。词义猜测题。根据原文第三段"Thecallforpublicengagementwiththeunthinkableisespeciallygermaneinthismomentofstill-uncontrolledpandemicandeconomiccrisesintheworld'smosttechnologicallyadvancednations."在这个世界上技术最先进的国家仍然无法控制的流行病和经济危机的时刻，呼吁公众参与不可思议的事情显得尤为密切相关。可知第3段中带下划线的单词"germane"可能是"相关的"意思。A.scientific科学的；B.credible可信的；C.original原件的；D.relevant相关的。故选D。2021年6月新高考2卷B篇IhaveworkedasakeeperattheNationalZoo,Parisfor11years.SpotandStripearethefirsttigercubsthathaveeverbeenbornhere.Globally,athirdofSumatrancubsinzoosdon'tmakeittoadulthood,soIdecidedtogivethemround-the-clockcareathome.I'vegottwochildren—theyoungerone,Kynan,wasextremelyhappyaboutthetigersarriving-butallofusreallylookedforwardtobeingpartoftheirlivesandwatchingthemgrow.Iwasn'tworriedaboutbringingthemintomyhomewithmywifeandkids.Thesewerecubs.Theyweighedabout2.5kgandweresosmallthattherewasabsolutelynorisk.Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'dgetuptomischief.We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.Thingsquicklygotveryintenseduetothehugeamountofenergyrequiredtolookafterthem.ThereweresometoughtimesandIjustfeltextremelytired.Iwasgratefulthatmyfamilywastheretohelp.Wehadtohaveabitofaproductionlinegoing,makingup“tigermilk”,washingbabybottles,andcleaningthefloors.WhenSpotandStripewerefourmonthsold,theywerelearninghowtoopendoorsandjumpfences,andweknewitreallywastimeforthemtogo.Itwashardforustofinallypartwiththem.Forthefirstfewdays,Kynanwasalwaysabitdisappointedthatthecubsweren'tthere.I'mnotsadaboutit.I'mhands-onwiththemeverydayatthezoo,andIdolookbackveryfondlyonthetimethatwehadthem.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getuptomischief”meaninparagraph3?A.Behavebadly. B.Losetheirway. C.Sleepsoundly. D.Misstheirmom.【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Astheygrewmoremobile,weletthemmovefreelyaroundthehouseduringtheday,butwhenwewereasleepwehadtocontaintheminalargeroom,otherwisethey'd”（随着它们的活动越来越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它们会）以及后文“We'dcomedowninthemorningtofindthey'dturnedtheroomupsidedown,andleftitlookinglikeazoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得不把老虎们在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。_____题型组合练题型组合练1.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处最佳项。选项中有两处为多余选项。TheChinaStateCouncilissuedadocumentinearlyAugust,suggestingemployersacrossthecountrymakeflexibleworkingarrangementsandgivetheirworkersFridayafternoonsoffduringhotsummerdaysinordertoboosttourismandconsumption.OnlinesurveyshaveshownthatmostcorrespondentsareinfavoroftheStateCouncil’sproposalforlongerweekends,astwoandahalfdaysareenoughevenforonetoplanashortjourney.Peoplewillhavemoretimetobetogetherwiththeirfamilies.____36____However,therearedoubtsastowhetherthiswell-intentionedinitiativecanbeputintopractice.____37____Whiletheregulartwo-dayweekendisstilladreamforalargenumberofworkingpeopleinvariousindustries,atwo-and-half-dayweekendisreallyaluxurymanypeoplecanbarelyafford.____38____IfstaffworkersofgovernmentdepartmentsandpublicinstitutionsnolongerworkonFridayafternoons,localresidentswillhavenowheretogoiftheyhaveurgentissuestosolvethroughtheseestablishments.Obviously,theonlywayoutistoimplementpoliciesconcerningpaidannualleaveinarealisticmannersothattheworkingpeoplecanmakearrangementsfortheirdaysoffwork.Asaresult,holidaymakersdon’tneedtoallrushtothesamescenicspotsduringthesameperiodoftime,whichwouldbebeneficialtotheprotectionandoperationofthesespots.____39____Thusitservestheinitialpurposeofboostingeconomicgrowththroughdevelopingtourism.____40____Thegovernmentissupposedtopaymoreattentiontotheprotectionoflaborrightsandemployallpossiblemeanstoensuretheirholidaysaswellasthefunctionsofgovernmentinstitutions,insteadofjustmakingeconomicallymotivatedpolicies.A.Also,thisisaneffectivewaytoincreaseconsumerspending.B.Therightofworkerstorestandpaidannualleaveareprotectedunderthelaw.C.Alargernumberofworkers,ifnotall,willbenefitfromofficialholidayarrangements.D.Mostpeoplethinkthattheywillactuallynotbeabletoenjoythebenefitsofsuchascheme.E.Afterrestandrelaxation,employeeswillbecomemoreenergeticwhentheycomebacktowork.F.Anotherworryisthatthismeasurewillfinallybeexclusively(专有地)enjoyedbyalimitednumberofemployees.G.Aslongaspaidannualleaveremainsunrealisticinmostindustrialsectors,thetwo-and-half-dayweekends