英语时态结构,标志词总结

.word...word..英语时态结构，标志词总结⑴、一般现在时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+其他/主++其他/主+情态动词+动原+其他标志词：often,always,usually,sometimes,everyweek(day/year/month…)，onceaweek,onSundays,onweekdays，fromtimetotime⑵、一般将来时结构：主+will/shall+其他/主++其他/主+be+动-ing+其他…标志词：tomorrow,inthefuture,nextweek,nextSunday,thedayaftertomorrow，in+一段时间,soon，fromnowon⑶、结构：主+be(was/were)+其他/主+动词过去式+其他/标志词：一段时间+ago,yesterday,in1945,atthattime,once,duringthewar,before,inthepast,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek(year/night/month…)，justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime，thismorning，amomentago⑷、结构：主+have/has+动词过去分词+其他标志词：ever,never,since,already,yet,just,before,twice,once,threetimes,atthemoment,atpresent/for+时间段；since+时间点/常见的副词：lately,recently,uptonow,tillnow,sofar,thesedays，inthepastfewyears(months／weeks／days)⑸、现在进行时结构：主+be(am/is/are)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：now,atthemoment!atthistime,thesedays,Look!Listen!⑹、结构：主+be(was/were)+动词现在分词+其他标志词：atthatmoment,atthistimeofyesterday,ateightlastnight,at8:00amyesterday，atthistimelastnight,atthattime⑺、过去完成时结构：主+had+动词过去分词+其他标志词：bytheendoflastyear(term,month…),过去完成时常用在told，said，knew，heard等词后的宾语从句或中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。⑻、过去将来时结构：主+would/should+其他/主+was/weregoingto+其他标志词：thenextday/morning/year，thefollowingyear/week/month英语部分语法顺口溜⑴、名词：记住f(e)结尾的名词复数：(扌巴f(e)变成v在加es)妻子(wife)持刀(knife)去宰狼(wolf)，小偷(thief)吓得发了慌；躲在架(shelf)后保己(self)命(life)，半(half)片树叶(leaf)遮目光。“某国人”的单复数：中日不变(Chinese>Japanese)英法变(Englishman/Britishman^Englishmen/Britishmen、Frenchman—Frenchmen)其余s力口后面(Australians、Germans>Russians>Americans>Indians、Italians、Koreans、Canadians)巧计名词单复数同形的：中国人和日本人喜欢绵羊、鹿和鱼Chinese、Japanese、sheep、deer、fish巧记以-o结尾加-es的词：“两人两菜”(hero,negro,potato,tomato)—句话Negroesandheroesliketoeatpotatoesandtomatoes.巧记不规则名词单变复：男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。man-men;woman-women;foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese;mouse-mice;louse-lice.、动词：Be动词的用法：我用am,你用are,is跟着他她它，凡是复数都用are感官使役动词“八字言”：一感feel,二听hear,listento,三让have,let,make,四看see,lookat,observe,watch半帮助：help(另外还有：notice,taste,smell)感官使役动词用法：感使动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪；主动句里to走开，被动句里to回来用“不定式”和“”造成的意义上的差别归为五点：不定式动名词.某一具体行动指一般的、经常的情况.表示主语和宾语的动作可能表示任何人的动作.主动被动.未发生的事已发生的事.短暂的或可能进行的事延续的或重复发生的事接“不定式”作宾语的动词：(vt+todo)三个希望两答应：hope,wish,want，agree，promise两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide不要假装在选择：petend，choose要求跟“不定式”作宾补的动词：(vt+sb/sth+todo)⑴劝教命请叫(advise,teach,order,mand,ask,tell)允许又警告(allow,permit,warn)使役表意向(cause,let,have,make,lead,set,leave,get,wish,want,expect)知觉动词妙(feel,hear,watch,see,observe,notice)<省去to>带双宾的动词：“七给”，“一带”to不少，(vt.+sth直宾+to+sb间宾;vt+sb+sth)(give给、pass递给、lend借给、write写给、show给…看、send寄给、hand交给)(bring带)“买”“画”“制作”for来了。(vt.+sth直宾+for+sb间宾)（buy、draw、make）既跟动名词也跟不定式的动词：(vt+doing/vt+todo)begin,start,continue,forget,remember,regret,intend,like,love,hate,try,mean只能接“动名词”作宾语的动词：(vt+doing)值得、想象、莫回避，建议、坚持别放弃不禁、完成、莫推迟，喜爱、练习不介意错过、考虑、介词to,后接动词加一ing动词：mind,finish,enjoy,suggest,permit,appreciate,consider,miss,dislike,keep(on),avoid,permit,imagine,risk,escape,admit,stand(忍受),allow,forbid,excuse短语giveup,putoff,lookforwardto,feellike,insiston,objectto,prevent…fTom,setabout,can'thelp,be/getusedto,beworthdoing,benogooddoing,benousedoing,bebusydoing,payattentionto加-ing要双写的常见动词：一m(swim)两d和g(nod,rid)(dig,beg)n(run,win,begin)p(dip,drop,mop,stop),十t(sit,hit,fit,set,get,bet,put,regret,forget,pat)(下加线的词,构成过去式、过去分词时,也须双写尾字母)只能接不定式做宾语如：(v+todo)help,hope,ask,refuse,decide,promise,wish,pretend,expect,arrange,learn,plan,demand,dare,manage,agree,prepare,fail,determine,offer,choose,desire,elect，long，(happen，seem)⑶、数词基变序,有规律,词尾加上th,一二三特殊记,结尾字母t/d/d,八减t,九减e,f代ve,几加几要注意,前为基数后为序⑷、其他：对划线部分提问的程序：一代（用疑问词代替划线部分），二移（把疑问词移至句首）三倒（颠倒主谓语，但对主语或其定语提问时除外四抄（照抄其它部分）sometime与sometimes:分开是“一段”，相连是“某时”分开s是“倍次”，相连s是“有时”巧计比较级不规则变化：“坏”“病”两“多”和两“好”一是“远”来二是“老”“litter”是少不是小（5）、a和an的用法：Anhourago,anhonestmanacceptedanhonorabletask.（一小时前,一位诚实的人接受了一项光荣的任务。）Inauniversity,aEuropeanandaone-eyedmanwalkalongaone-wayroadwithausualtool.Thisisausualthing.(在一所大学里,有一个欧洲人和一个独眼龙拿着有用的工具沿着一条单行道行走,这是件平常的事。)在26个英文字母中,a,e,i,o,f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音.宾语从句的主语：一随主，二随宾，三不变。e.g.(1)Shesaid"Iwillgohome."改：Shesaidthatshewouldgohome.(一随主)Shesaidtome"Youcangowithme.".改ShesaidtomethatIcouldgowithher.(二不变)Shesaidtome"Hewillgohome."改Shesaidtomethathewouldgohome.(三不变)宾语从句中注意时态1.若主语为一般过去时，则宾语从句的时态要变为过去的某一时态。e.g.(1)Hesaid"Iwilgohome.“改Hesaidthathewouldgohome.(一般将来时改为过去将来时)(2)Hesaid"Ihavehadlunch."改Hesaidthathehadhadlunch.(现在完成时改为过去完成时)(3)Hesaid"Iknowalotabouttheteacher."改Hesaidthatheknewalotabouttheteacher.(一般现在时改为一般过去时)Hesaid"Ihadlunch."Hesaidthathehadhadlunch.（—般过去时改为过去完成时）（5）Hesaid"Iamplayinggames"改Hesaidthathewasplayinggames.（现在进行时改为过去进行时）特殊Hesaid"Theearthgoesaroundthesun."改Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroungthesun.（当直接引语中表示客观事实时，时态不受主句影响）直接引语变间接引语时，要注意时间状语的改变。said‘Iamlisteningtomusicnow."改Hesaidthathewaslisteningtomusicthen.（此句中now改为then）后面不举例了，时间状语按下面改就对了now=thentoday=thatdaytonight=thatnightthismorning\week=thatmorning\weektomorrow=thefollowing\nextdayyesterday=thedaybeforelastmouth=themonthbeforeago=beforehere=there（上面左为直接引语中的时间状语，右为间接引语的时间状语）最后是指示代词要变

this改为thatthese改为those评论|402012-04-0611:12nancy_575三级一般过去：longlongago,before,lastyear/month/week...,justnow一般现在:everyday/year/month..,often,usurally,sometimes一般将来:will,nextyear/mont