专接本英语公共课2012年新题

Unit1PassageOneSpaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors（流星）butalsobecauseofraysfromtheandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefood,whichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentendurable.Variouskindsofrayscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Theunitofradiationiscalled“rem”.Scientistshavereasontothinkthatamancanputupwithfarmoreradiationthan0.1remwithoutbeingdamaged;thefigureof60remshasbeenagreedon.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamage-apersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butthecellsofhisorhersexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthofdeformed（畸形的）childrenorevengrandchildren.MissionsoftheApolloflightshavehadtocrossbeltsofhighradiationand,duringtheoutwardandreturnjourneys,theApollocrewaccumulatedalargeamountofrems.Sofar,nodangerousamountsofradiationhavebeenreported,buttheApollomissionshavebeenquiteshort.WesimplydonotknowyethowmenaregoingtogetonwhentheyspendweeksandmonthsoutsidetheprotectionoftheatmosphereworkinginaspacelaboratoryDrugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnoreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,theatmosphereisessentialtomanin itprotectshimagainsttheharmfulraysfromitprovidessufficientlightforplantitsuppliestheheatnecessaryforhumanitscreensoffthefallingWeknowfromthepassage exposuretoeventinyamountsofradiationistheeffectofexposuretoradiationisslowinradiationisavoidableinspaceastronautsinspacesuitsneedn’tworryaboutradiationTheharmradiationhasdonetotheApollocrew isseemsisremainsItcanbeinferredfromthepassage theApollomissionwasveryprotectionfromspaceradiationisnoeasyastronautswillhavedeformedchildrenorradiationisnotathreattowell-protectedspaceThebesttitleforthispassagewould TheAtmosphereandOurResearchonEffectsofSpacePassageTasteissuchasubjectivematterthatwedon’tusuallyconductpreferencetestsforfood.Themostyoucansayaboutanyone’spreference,isthatit’soneperson’sopinion.Butbecausethetwobigcola（可口可乐）companies—Coca-ColaandPepsiColaaremarketedsoaggressively,we’vewonderedhowbigaroletastepreferenceactuallyplaysinbrandloyalty.WesetupatastetestthatchallengedpeoplewhoidentifiedthemselvesaseitherCoca-ColaorPepsifans:Findyourbrandinablindtasting.WeinvitedstaffvolunteerswhohadastronglikingforeitherCoca-ColaClassic（传统型）orPepsi,Diet（低糖的）Coke,orDietPepsi.Thesewerepeoplewhothoughtthey’dhavenotroubletellingtheirbrandfromtheotherbrand.Weeventuallylocated19regularcoladrinkersand27dietcoladrinkers.Thenwefedthemfourunidentifiedsamplesofcolaoneatatime,regularcolasfortheonegroup,dietversionsfortheother.WeaskedthemtotelluswhethereachsamplewasCokeorPepsi;thenweanalyzedtherecordsstatisticallytocomparetheparticipants’choiceswithwhatmereguess-workcouldhaveaccomplished.Gettingallfoursamplesrightwasatoughtest,butnottootough,wethought,forpeoplewhobelievedtheycouldrecognizetheirbrand.Intheend,only7outof19regularcoladrinkerscorrectlyidentifiedtheirbrandofchoiceinallfourtrials.Thediet-coladrinkersdidalittleworse-only7of27identifiedallfoursamplescorrectly.Whilebothgroupsdidbetterthanchancewouldpredict,nearlyhalftheparticipantsineachgroupmadethewrongchoicetwoormoretimes.Twopeoplegoallfoursampleswrong.Overall,halftheparticipantsdidaboutaswellonthelastroundoftastingasonthefirst,sofatigue,ortasteburnout,wasnotafactor.OurpreferencetestresultssuggestthatonlyafewPepsiparticipantsandCokefansmayreallybeabletotelltheirfavoritebrandbytasteandprice.Accordingtothepassagethepreferencetestwasconductedinorder findouttheroletastepreferenceplaysinaperson’srevealwhichcolaismoretothelikingoftheshowthataperson’sopinionabouttasteismereguess-comparetheabilityoftheparticipantsinchoosingtheirThestatisticsrecordedinthepreferencetests Coca-ColaandPepsiarepeople’stwomostfavoritethereisnotmuchdifferenceintastebetweenCoca-ColaandfewpeoplehadtroubletellingCoca-Colafrompeople’stastesdifferfromoneItisimpliedinthefirstparagraph thepurposeoftastetestsistopromotethesaleoftheimprovementofqualityisthechiefconcernofthetwocolathecompetitionbetweenthetwocolasisveryblindtastingisnecessaryforidentifyingTheword“burnout”(Line4,Para.5)herereferstothestate beingseriouslyburntinthebeingunabletoburnforlackofbeingbadlydamagedbybeingunabletofunctionbecauseofexcessiveTheauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageis showthattastepreferenceishighlyarguethattastetestingisanimportantmarketingemphasizethattasteandpricearecloselyrelatedtoeachrecommendthatblindtastingbeintroducedinthequalitycontrolofPassageTheconceptof“environment”iscertainlydifficultandmayevenbemisunderstood;butwehavenohandysubstitute.Itseemssimpleenoughtodistinguishbetweentheorganismandthesurroundingenvironmentandtoseparateforcesactingonanorganismintothosethatareinternalandbiologicalandthosethatareexternalandenvironmental.Butinactualpracticethissystembreaksdowninmanyways,becausetheorganismandtheenvironmentareconstantlyinteractingsothattheenvironmentismodifiedbytheorganismandviceversa（反之亦然）.Inthecaseofman,thedifficultieswiththeenvironmentalconceptareevenmorecomplicatedbecausewehavetodealwithmanasananimalandwithmanasabearer（持有者）ofcultureIfwelookatmanasananimalandtrytoanalyzetheenvironmentalforcesthatareactingontheorganism,wefindthatwehavetodealwiththingslikeclimate,soil,plantsandsuch-likefactorscommontoallbiologicalsituations;butwealsofind,always,veryimportantenvironmentalinfluencesthatwecanonlyclassas“cultural”,whichmodifythephysicalandbiologicalfactors.Butman,asweknowhim,isalwaysabearerofculture;andifwestudyhumanculture,wefindthatit,inturn,ismodifiedbytheenvironmentalfactorsofclimateandgeography.Wethuseasilygetintogreatdifficultiesfromthenecessityofviewingculture,atonemoment,asapartofthemanand,atanothermoment,asapartoftheenvironment.Whichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribethepopularunderstandingof“environment”astheauthorseesit?Accordingtotheauthortheconceptof“environment”isdifficulttoexplainitdoesn’tdistinguishbetweentheorganismandtheitinvolvesbothinternalandexternaltheorganismandtheenvironmentinfluenceeachtherelationshipbetweentheorganismandtheenvironmentisInanalyzingtheenvironmentalforcesactingonmantheauthorsuggests biologicalfactorsarelessimportanttotheorganismthanculturalfactorstomanandotheranimalsaremodifiedequallybytheenvironmentalmanismodifiedbytheculturalenvironmentaswellasbythenaturalphysicalandbiologicalfactorsexertmoreinfluenceonotherorganismsthanonAsforculture,theauthorpointsout itdevelopssidebysidewithenvironmentalitisalsoaffectedbyenvironmentalitisgenerallyacceptedtobepartoftheitisaproductofman’sbiologicalInthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcerned theinterpretationofthetermthediscussiononorganismsandbiologicalthecomparisonbetweeninternalandexternalfactorsinfluencingtheevaluationofman’sinfluenceonPassageThespeaker,ateacherfromacommunitycollege,addressedasympatheticaudience.Headsnoddedinagreementwhenhesaid,“HighschoolEnglishteachersarenotdoingtheirjobs.”Hedescribedtheinadequaciesofhisstudents,allhighschoolgraduateswhocanuselanguageonlyatagrade9level.Iwasunabletodeterminefromhisanswerstomyquestionshowthisgrade9levelhadbeenestablished.Mytopicisnotstandardsnoritsdecline（降低）Whatthespeakerwasreallysayingisthatehislongeryoung;hehasbeenteachingforsixteenyears,andisabletothinkandspeaklikeamatureMypointisthatthefrequentcomplaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelyfollowingitisinevitable.Itisalsohumannaturetolookforthereasonsforourdissatisfaction.BeforeEnglishbecameaschoolsubjectinthelatenineteenthcentury,itwasdifficulttofindthetargetoftheblameforlanguagedeficiencies（缺陷）.Butsincethen,Englishteachershavebeenunderconstantattack.Thecomplainersthinktheyhavehituponanoriginalidea.Astheirowncommandofthelanguageimproves,theynoticethatyoungpeopledonothavethissameability.Unawarethattheirownabilityhasdevelopedthroughtheyears,theyassumethenewgenerationofyoungpeoplemustbehopelessinthisrespect.Totheeyesandearsofsensitiveadultsthelanguageoftheyoungalwaysseemsinadequate.SincethisconcernaboutthedeclineandfalloftheEnglishlanguageisnotperceivedasagenerationalphenomenonbutratherassomethingnewandpeculiartotoday’syoungpeople,itnaturallyfollowsthattoday’sEnglishteacherscannotbedoingtheirjobs.Otherwise,youngpeoplewouldnotcommitoffensesagainstthelanguage.Thespeakertheauthormentionedinthepassagebelieved thelanguageoftheyoungergenerationisusuallyinferiortothatoftheolderthestudentshadapoorcommandofEnglishbecausetheydidn’tworkhardhewasanexcellentlanguageteacherbecausehehadbeenteachingEnglishforsixteenEnglishteachersshouldbeheldresponsibleforthestudents’poorcommandofIntheauthor’sopinion,the gaveacorrectjudgementoftheEnglishlevelofthehadexaggeratedthelanguageproblemsofthewasrightinsayingthatEnglishteacherswerenotdoingtheircouldthinkandspeakTheauthor’sattitudetowardsthespeaker’sremarks Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassage itisjustifiabletoincludeEnglishasaschooltheauthordisagreeswiththespeakeroverthestandardofEnglishatGrade9EnglishlanguageteachingisbynomeansaneasyLanguageimprovementneedstimeandInthepassagetheauthorargues itisunfairtoblametheEnglishteachersforthelanguagedeficienciesoftheyoungpeoplewouldnotcommitoffencesagainstthelanguageistheteachersdidtheirjobstoeliminatelanguagedeficienciesonemusthavesensitiveeyesandtoimprovethestandardofEnglishrequirestheeffortofseveral5Dogsaresocialanimalsandwithoutpropertraining,theywillbehavelikewildanimals.Theywillsoilyourhouse,destroyyourbelongings,barkexcessively,fightotherdogsandevenbiteyou.Nearlyallbehaviorproblemsareperfectlynormaldogactivitiesthatoccuratthewrongtimeorplaceoraredirectedatthewrongthing.Thekeytopreventingortreatingbehaviorproblemsislearningtoteachthedogtoredirectitsnormalbehaviortooutletsthatareacceptableinthedomesticsetting.Oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforyourdogandyourselfistoobediencetrainit.Obediencetrainingdoesn’tsolveallbehaviorproblems,butitisthefoundationforsolvingjustaboutanyproblem.Trainingpensupalineofcommunicationbetweenyouandyourdog.Effectivecommunicationisnecessarytoinstructyourdogaboutwhatyouwantittodo.Trainingisalsoaneasywaytoestablishthesocialrankorder.Whenyourdogobeysasimplerequestof“comehere,sit,”itisshowingobedienceandrespectforyou.Itisnotnecessarytoestablishyourselfastopdogorleaderofthepack（群）byusingextrememeasureYoucanteachyourdogitssubordinate（从属的）rolebyteachingittoshowsubmissiontoyou.Mostdogsloveperformingtricksforyoutopleasantlyacceptthatyouareincharge.Trainingshouldbefunandrewardingforyouandyourdog.Itcanenrichyourrelationshipandmakelivingtogethermoreenjoyable.Awell-traineddogismoreconfidentandcanmoresafelybeallowedagreateramountoffreedomthananuntrainedanimal.Behaviorproblemsofdogsarebelieve bejustpartoftheirworseninmodernoccurwhentheygopresentathreattotheTheprimarypurposeofobediencetrainingis teachthedogtoperformclevermakethedogawareofitsowner’sprovidethedogwithoutletsforitswildenablethedogtoregainitsnormalEffectivecommunicationbetweenadoganditsowner essentialtosolvingthedog’sbehaviorthefoundationfordogstoperformagoodwaytoteachthedognewanextrememeasureinobedienceWhydopetdogsloveperformingtricksfortheirToavoidbeingToshowtheiraffectionfortheirTowinleadershipofthedogToshowtheirwillingnesstoWhenadoghasreceivedeffectiveobediencetraining,its cangivethedogmorewillenjoyabetterfamilycangivethedogmorewillhavemoreconfidenceinUnitPassageLikemanyofmygeneration,Ihaveaweaknessforheroworship.Atsomepoint,however,weallbegintoquestionourheroesandourneedforthem.Thisleadsustoask:Whatisahero?Despiteimmensedifferencesincultures,heroesaroundtheworldgenerallyshareanumberofcharacteristicsthatinstructandinspirepeople.Aherodoessomethingworthtalkingabout.Aherohasastoryofadventuretotellandacommunitywhowilllisten.Butaherogoesbeyondmerefame.Heroesservepowersorprincipleslargerthanthemselves.Likehigh-voltagetransformers,heroestaketheenergyofhigherpowersandstepitdownsothatitcanbeusedbyordinarypeople.Theherolivesalifeworthyofimitation.Thosewhoimitateagenuineheroexperiencelifewithnewdepth,enthusiasm,andmeaning.Asuretestforwould-beheroesiswhatorwhomdotheyserve?Whataretheywillingtoliveanddiefor?Iftheanswerorevidencesuggeststheyserveonlytheirownfame,theymaybefamouspersonsbutnotheroes.MadonnaandMichaelJacksonarefamous,butwhowouldclaimthattheirfansfindlifemoreabundant?Heroesarecatalysts(催化剂)forchange.Theyhaveavisionfromthemountaintop.Theyhaveskillandthecharmtomovethemasses.Theycreatenewpossibilities.WithoutGandhi,IndiamightstillbepartoftheBritishEmpireWithoutRosaParksandMartinLutherKing,Jr.,wemightstillhavesegregated(隔离的)buses,restaurants,andparks.Itmaybepossibleforlarge-scalechangetooccurwithoutleaderswithmagneticpersonalities,butthepaceofchangewouldbeslow,thevisionuncertain,andthecommitteemeetingsendless.Althoughheroesmaycomefromdifferentcultures, probablysharesomeweaknessesofordinaryareofteninfluencedbypreviousallunknowinglyattractalargenumberofAccordingtothepassage,heroesarecomparedtohigh-voltagetransformersin theyhaveavisionfromthetheyhavewarmfeelingsandtheycanserveasconcreteexamplesofnobletheycanmakepeoplefeelstrongerandmoreMadonnaandMichaelJacksonarenotconsideredheroes theyarepopularonlyamongcertaingroupsoftheirperformancesdonotimprovetheirfanstheirprimaryconcernistheirownfinancialtheyarenotclearabouttheprinciplestheyshouldGandhiandMartinLutherKingaretypicalexamplesofoutstandingleaders aregoodatdemonstratingtheircharmingcanmovethemasseswiththeirforcefularecapableofmeetingallchallengesandcanprovideananswertotheproblemsoftheirTheauthorconcludesthathistoricalchanges bedelayedwithoutleaderswithinspiringpersonalnothappenwithoutheroesmakingthenecessarytakeplacefftherewereheroestoleadthePassageAccordingtoasurvey,whichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188,000students,today’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare“morematerialisticandlessaltruistic(利他主义的)”thanatanytimeinthe17yearsofthepoll.Notsurprisinginthesehardtimes,thestudent’smajorobjective“istobefinanciallywelloff.Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife.”Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.Interestinteaching,socialserviceandthe“altruistic”fieldsisatalow.Ontheotherhand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmine(asalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsherfirstyearonthejob—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributionsmbetheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.Weeklywereadofunionswhowentonstrikeforhigherwages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.Nocompany;nojob.Howshortsightedinthelongrun!Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveourmoralsense.Isawacartoonrecentlywhichshowsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysitaroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingontheintercom(对讲机):“MissBaxter,”hesays,“couldyoupleasesendinsomeonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong?”Fromthelong-termpointofview,that’swhateducationreallyoughttobeAccordingtotheauthor’sobservation,college haveneverbeensomaterialisticashaveneverbeensointerestedinthehaveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffashaveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralThestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodo theinfluencesoftheirthefinancialgoalstheyseekintheirowninterpretationsofthetheirunderstandingofthecontributionsofBysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Lines1-3,Para.5),theauthormeans businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalhumanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighhumanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewtheimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeStudyingthediversewisdomofothers createvaryingartistichelppeopleseethingsintheirrighthelpimproveconnectionsamongregulatethebehaviorofmodernWhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheBusinessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-ManagersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromPeopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardingCareerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsPassageNewtechnologylinkstheworldasneverbefore.Ourplanethasshrunk.It’snowa“globalvillage”wherecountriesareonlysecondsawaybyfaxorphoneorsatellitelink.And.ofcourse,ourabilitytobenefitfromthishigh-techcommunicationsequipmentisgreatlyenhancedbyforeignlanguageskills.Deeplyinvolvedwiththisnewtechnologyisabreedofmodernbusinesspeoplewhohaveagrowingrespectfortheeconomicvalueofdoingbusinessabroad.Inmodernmarkets,successoverseasoftenhelpssupportdomesticbusinessefforts.Overseasassignmentsarebecomingincreasinglyimportanttoadvancementwithinexecutiveranks.Theexecutivestationedinanothercountrynolongerneedfearbeingoutofsightandoutofmind.”Heorshecanbesurethattheoverseaseffortiscentraltothecompany’splanforsuccess,andthatpromotionsoftenfolloworaccompanyanassignmentabroad.Ifanemployeecansucceedinadifficultassignmentoverseas,superiorswillhavegreaterconfidenceinhisorherabilitytocopebackintheUnitedStateswherecross-culturalconsiderationsandforeignlanguageissuesarebecomingmoreandmoreprevalent(普遍的Thankstoavarietyofrelativelyinexpensivecommunicationsdeviceswithbusinessapplications,smallbusinessesintheUnitedStatesareabletogetintointernationalEnglishisstilltheinternationallanguageofbusiness.Butthereisanever-growingneedforpeoplewhocanspeakanotherlanguage.Asecondlanguageisn’tgenerallyrequiredtogetajobinbusiness,buthavinglanguageskillsgivesacandidatetheedgewhenotherqualificationsappeartobeequalTheemployeepostedabroadwhospeaksthecountry’sprincipallanguagehasanopportunitytofast-forwardcertainnegotiations,andcamhavetheculturalinsighttoknowwhenitisbettertomovemoreslowly.Theemployeeatthehomeofficewhocancommunicatewellwithforeignclientsoverthetelephoneorbyfaxmachineisanobviousassettothefirm. C) D)Withtheincreaseduseofhigh-techcommunicationsequipment, havetogetfamiliarwithmodernaregainingmoreeconomicbenefitsfromdomesticareattachingmoreimportancetotheiroverseasareeagertoworkInthispassage,“outofsightandoutofmind”(Lines2-3,Para.3)probably beingunabletothinkproperlyforlackofbeingtotallyoutoftouchwithbusinessatleavingallcareandworryAccordingtothepassage,whatisanimportantconsiderationofinternationalcorporationsinemployingpeopletoday?Abilitytospeaktheclient’sBusinessTheadvantageofemployeeshavingforeignlanguageskillsisthatthey bettercontrolthewholenegotiationeasilyfindnewapproachestomeetmarketfast-forwardtheirproposalstoeasilymakefriendswithbusinesspeoplePassageInrecentyears,Israeliconsumershavegrownmoredemandingasthey’vebecomewealthierandmoreworldly-wise.Foreigntravelisanationalpassion;thissummeralone,onein10citizenswillgoabroad.Exposedtohigherstandardsofserviceelsewhere,Israelisarereturninghomeexpectingthesame.Americanfirmshavealsobegunarrivinginlargenumbers.ChainssuchasKFC,McDonald’sandPizzaHutaresettinganewstandardofcustomerservice,usingstrictemployeetrainingandconstantmonitoringtoensurethefriendlinessoffrontlinestaff.EventheAmericanhabitoftellingdepartingcustomersto“Haveaniceday”hascaughtonalloverIsrael.“Nobodywakesupinthemorningandsays,‘Let’sbenicer,’”saysItsikCohen,directorofaconsultingfirm.“Nothinghappenswithoutcompetition.”Privatization,orthethreatofit,isamotivationaswell.MonopoliesthatuntilrecentlyhavebeenfreetotaketheircustomersforgrantednowfearwhatMichaelPerry,amarketingprofessor,calls“therevengeful(报复的)consumer.”WhenthegovernmentopenedupcompetitionwithBezaq,thephonecompany,itsinternationalbranchlost40%ofitsmarketshare,evenwhileofferingcompetitiverates.SaysPerry,“Peoplewantedrevengeforalltheyearsofbadservice.”Theelectriccompany,whosemonopolymaybeshort-lived,hassuddenlymoppedrequiringuserstowaithalfadayforarepairman.Now,appointmentsarescheduledtothehalf-hour.ThegracelessElAlAirlines,whichisalreadyatauction(拍卖),hasretraineditsemployeestoemphasizeserviceandisboastingabouttheresultsinanadcampaignwiththeslogan,“Youcanfeelthechangeintheair.”Forthefirsttime,praiseoutnumberscomplaintsoncustomersurveysheets.Itmaybeinferredfromthepassage customerserviceinIsraelisnowwealthyIsraelicustomersarehardtothetouristindustryhasbroughtchainstorestoIsraelicustomerspreferforeignproductstodomesticIntheauthor’sview,higherservicestandardsareimpossiblein ifcustomercomplaintsgounnoticedbytheunlessforeigncompaniesareintroducedingreaterifthere’snocompetitionamongwithoutstrictroutinetrainingofIfsomeoneinIsraeltodayneedsarepairmanincaseofapower theycanhaveitfixedinnoit’snolongernecessarytomakeantheappointmenttakesonlyhalfadaytotheyonlyhavetowaithalfanhouratTheexampleofElA1Airlinesshows revengefulcustomersareathreattothemonopolyofanadcampaignisawayoutforenterprisesinfinancialagoodsloganhasgreatpotentialforimprovingstaffretrainingisessentialforbetterWhydidBezaq’sinternationalbranchlose40%ofitsmarketBecausetheratesitofferedwerenotcompetitiveBecausecustomersweredissatisfiedwithitspastBecausetheserviceofferedbyitscompetitorswasfarBecauseitnolongerreceivedanysupportfromthe5Engineeringstudentsaresupposedtobeexamplesofpracticalityandrationality,butwhenitcomestomycollegeeducationIamanidealistandafool.InhighschoolIwantedtobeanelectricalengineerand,ofcourse,anysensiblestudentwithmyaimswouldhavechosenacollegewithalargeengineeringdepartment,famousreputationandlotsofgoodlabsandresearchequipment.Butthat’snotwhatIdid.Ichosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-arts（文科）universitythatdoesn’tevenofferamajorelectricalengineering.Obviously,thiswasnotapracticalchoice;Icamehereformorenoblereasons.Iwantedabroadeducationthatwouldprovidemewithflexibilityandavaluesystemtoguidemeinmycareer.Iwantedtoopenmyeyesandexpandmyvisionbyinteractingwithpeoplewhoweren’tstudyingscienceorengineering.Myparents,teachersandotheradultspraisedmeforsuchasensiblechoice.TheytoldmeIwaswiseandmaturebeyondmy18years,andIbelievedthem.IheadedofftocollegesureIwasgoingtohaveanadvantageoverthosestudentswhowenttobigengineering“factories”wheretheydidn’tcareifyouhavevaluesorwereflexible.Iwasgoingtobeacompleteengineer:technicalgeniusandsensitivehumanist（人文学者）allinone.NowI’mnotsosureSomewherealongthewaymynobleidealscrashedintoreality,asallnobleidealseventuallydo.Afterthreeyearsofstrugglingtobalancemath,physicsandengineeringcourseswithliberal-artscourses,Ihavelearnedtherearereasonswhyfewengineeringstudentstrytoreconcile（协调）engineeringwithliberal-artscoursesincollege.Therealitythathasblockedmypathtobecomethetypicalsuccessfulstudentisthatengineeringandtheliberalartssimplydon’t’mixaseasilyasIassumedinhighschool.Individuallytheyshapeapersoninverydifferentways;togethertheythreatentoconfuse.ThestruggletoreconcilethetwofieldsofstudyisTheauthorchosetostudyengineeringatasmallliberal-artsuniversitybecause wantedtobeanexampleofpracticalityandintendedtobeacombinationofengineerandwantedtocoordinateengineeringwithliberal-artscoursesinintendedtobeasensiblestudentwithnobleAccordingtotheauthor,byinteractingwithpeoplewhostudyliberalarts,engineeringstudents.balanceengineeringandtheliberalreceiveguidanceintheirbecomenoblebroadentheirIntheeyesoftheauthor,asuccessfulengineeringstudentistohaveanexcellentacademictobewiseandtobeimaginativewithavaluesystemtoguidetobeatechnicalgeniuswithawideTheauthor’sexperienceshowsthathe Theword“they”in“…togethertheythreatentoconfuse.”(Line3,Para.5)refersengineeringandtheliberalrealityandnobleflexibilityandavalueUnit1Yearsago,doctorsoftensaidthatpainwasanormalpartoflife.Inparticular,whenolderpatients1ofpain,theyweretolditwasanaturalpartofagingandtheywouldhavetolearntolivewithTimeshavechanged.Today,wetakepain2.Indeed,painisnowconsideredthefifthvitalsign,asimportantasbloodpressure,temperature,breathingrateandpulsein3aperson’swell-being.Weknowthatchronic(慢性的)paincandisrupt扰乱)aperson’slife,causingproblemsthat4frommissedworktodepression.That’swhyagrowingnumberofhospitalsnowdependuponphysicianswho5inpainmedicine.Notonlydoweevaluatethecauseofthepain,whichcanhelpustreatthepainbetter,butwealsohelpprovidecomprehensivetherapyfordepressionandotherpsychologicalandsocial6relatedtochronicpain.Suchcomprehensivethera