从存在主义女性主义分析《逃离》中卡拉的第二性 公共管理专业

AcknowledgementsThanksforgivingachancetoexpressmygratitude.Thiswell-donethesisisguidedbymyattentiveandpatientsupervisorWangFanwhohashelpedmeworkoutanoutlineofthepaper,gavemevaluablesuggestionsonhowtocollectmaterialsandorganizemypaper,andinspiredmetothinkmypaperdeeply.Asforthat,I’mverygrateful.Secondly,IwanttothankAliceMunro’sdistinguishedshortstoryRunaway.ThanksarealsoextendedtoCNKIprovidingmanyhelpfulmasters’thesesandacademicjournals.Inaddition,Iwishtothankthelibrarythatsuppliedmewithreferencematerialsofgreatvalue.Withoutthesupportandassistanceabove,thisthesiswouldnothavebeenpossible.Thanksagain.AbstractAliceMunro,oneofthemostfamousCanadianwriterstoday,iswell-knownforshortstories.AliceMunrowontheNobelLiteraturePrizebyRunawayin2013.Inrecentyears,studyingRunawayhasbeenbecomingavogueinscholarsathomeandabroad,mostlyfromtheperspectivesofliteraturecriticism,imagismandfree-feminism.ThispaperwillanalyzethesecondsexofCarlainRunawayfromtheperspectiveofexistentialistfeminism.ThroughexplainingreasonsbehindCarla’srunaways--afailureandasuccess,thispaperwillexplore“theOther”and“internality”inCarla’sfemaleconsciousness.Itisdividedintofiveparts.ThefirstpartwillgivebrieflyintroductionsaboutAliceMunroandRunaway.Thesecondpartwillstateexistentialism,existentialistfeminismandthesecondsex.ThethirdpartwillanalyzerelationshipsbetweenCarlaandotherrolesinthisshortstoryfromtheperspectiveofthedevelopmentofCarla’sfemaleconsciousness.ThefourthpartwillanalyzethesecondsexofCarlafromtheperspectiveofexistentialistfeminism.ThefifthpartwillgiveaconclusionthatimmaturedevelopmentofCarla’sfemaleconsciousnesscausedthetwodifferentresultsofrunaways,thatistosay,“theOther”and“Internality”madeitdifficulttobeindependentcompletelyforCarla.KeyWords:AliceMunro;Runaway;existentialistfeminism;thesecondsex摘要艾丽丝门罗是当代最著名的加拿大作家之一，以短篇小说闻名于世，2013年因《逃离》一书获诺贝尔文学奖。近年来，国内外学者对此小说的研究逐渐火热，主要是从文学批评、意象主义及自由女性主义角度进行分析解读。本文将从存在主义女性主义角度分析《逃离》一书中卡拉的第二性。通过解读卡拉两次逃离的成功与失败背后的原因，探究卡拉女性意识发展中的“他者”及“内在性”。本文分五部分：第一部分：介绍艾丽丝门罗与《逃离》；第二部分：阐述存在主义、存在主义女性主义及第二性；第三部分：从卡拉的女性意识发展的角度来分析小说中其他角色与卡拉的关系；第四部分：从存在主义女性主义的角度来分析卡拉的第二性意识；第五部分：通过本文的分析，得出结论：卡拉两次逃离的结果是由于她女性意识发展的不成熟，即“他者”和“内在性”使卡拉在精神上难以完全独立。关键词：艾丽丝门罗；《逃离》；存在主义女性主义；第二性ContentsTOC\o"1-2"\h\u1.Introduction11.1IntroductionofAliceMunro11.2IntroductionoftheplotofRunaway22.LiteratureReview32.1AccountsonExistentialism42.2ExistentialistFeminism72.3TheSecondSex73.RelationshipsBetweenCarlaandOthers83.1CarlaandHerFamily93.2CarlaandClark93.3CarlaandFlora103.4CarlaandSylvia104.AnalysisoftheSecondSexofCarla114.1TheFirstRunawayofCarlaandtheSecondSex114.2TheSecondRunawayofCarlaandtheSecondSex124.3TheTwoRunawaysofCarlaandtheMale-dominatedInternality135.Conclusion13Bibliography15TheAnalysisoftheSecondSexofCarlainRunawayfromthePerspectiveofExistentialistFeminism1.IntroductionFirstly,thispartwillintroduceAliceMunroaboutherlife,shortstoriesandwritingstyle.ThenitwillbrieflytellthespotofRunaway.1.1IntroductionofAliceMunroAliceMunro,Canadianwriter,wasborninWingham,Ontarioin1931.Inherearlyage,AliceMunrostartedtowritenovels,amongwhichincludedRunaway,DanceoftheHappyShades,TheProcessofLoveandLivesofGirlsandWomen.Munro’sfictionismostoftensetinhernativeHuronCountyinsouthwesternOntario.Whatshemainlywritesarethenormaldailylivesofnormalcitizensincommontowns,butinvolvedthemesareusuallyrelatedtoillnessanddeath.CynthiaOzick,AmericanJewishwriter,saidthatAliceMunroistoday’sChekhov.Inmostcommentsofoccidentalmediaaverygenerousname,thegreatestnovelist,isgiventoAliceMunro.ShewontheNobelPrizeinLiteratureinOctober10,2013.ThefirstshortstoryofMunroisDanceoftheHappyShades(1968)whichgetsCanada’sGovernorGeneral’sLiteraryAward.AliceMunro’scollectionsofstoriesincludeFriendsofMyYouth(1973),OpenSecrets(1994),TheLoveofaGoodWoman(1996),

Hateship,Friendship,Courtship,Loveship,Marriage(2001),Runaway(2004),etc.TheViewfromCastleRockpublishedin2006isherlatestwork.SheeverpublishedalongstorynamedLivesofGirlsandWomen(1973)whichgotlittlepeople’sattention.Whatthisstoryreflectsisthatcommonpeople,especiallywomen,liveacommonandordinarylifewhichalwaysrevealstheirtragicalfates.Munrosaidherself,“whereIwanttomakereadersastonishedisnotwhathappenedbutthewayofhappening”.Munro’swritingstylestalkaboutbirth,senility,illnessanddeathfromtheviewofwomen.MostofMunro’swritingsarewomen’sstories.Inherearlywriting,shealmostwrotesomeyoungmarriedgirlswhoweretormentedbylove,sex,betrayalandchildren,etc.Later,shefocusedonmiddle-agedwomenstrugglinginthemid-lifecrisisandchores,whoallhaddesireandpity,strengthandweakness.Munro’snovelspaylessattentiontoplotsandmoreattentiontothechangeoftimeandspacethatbreakupandresetmemoriesandreallives.Whatshewantstoexpressisthatmaybethereisanewpointofviewtoseetheworld;thatistosay,literaturecanhelppeopletoknowtheworldinanewway.Sheeverintroducedthewayofreadingnovelsinanessay:unlikearoad,anovelislikeahousemuchmore.Yougointothehouse,stayforawhile,walkaroundandobservetherelevancebetweenroomsandcorridors;thenyoulookoutofthewindowtoseewhathappenedoutsideworld.Inrecentyears,AliceMunro’sworksarealwaysreadonAmericansignificantjournals,suchasNewYorker,TheAtlanticMonthlyandParisReview.Shenearlypublishedanewshortstoryeachtwoorthreeyears.ShehaswonCanada’sGovernorGeneral’sLiteratureAwardsthreetimesandGillerPrizetwice.ThesecondGillerPrizewasforRunawaywithgloriouscommentsthattheimposingstory,preciseandordinarysentencesmadereadersimpressed.JournalslikeWorldLiteratureinourcountryevertranslatedandreviewedherwritingsmanytimes.Inotherwords,Munro’sstatusinEnglishnovelcirclehasalreadyestablished;inthecreationofEnglishshortstorysheisconvincinglythebestone.1.2IntroductionoftheplotofRunawayCarla,livinginafamilyincludinghermother,apathybrotherandmale-dominatedstepfather,wasanordinarygirl.Beingintheadolescence,shebegantofeelthelove.Duringthetimewaitingtogotocollege,shefellinlovewithClarkwhowasahorsemanshipcoachintheHorsemanshipSchool.ButCarla’sstepfathercalledhim“blackguardandloafer”.ThesweetfirstloveandstrongdesiretogetridofboundsfromherparentsinherdeepheartmadeCarladeterminetochooserunningawaywithClarkfromtheindifferentfamilywhereshecouldn’tfeeltheloveandunderstanding.Althoughshedidn’tknowwhatwouldbethefuture,hercleardesiretopursuedreamandfreedomwashidenininnerheart.Shejustbelievedthattheirlovewasrealandthattheywouldliveinafree,happyandperfectlifebytheirskillsofhorsemanshipaslongastheyworkedhard.Whenstartinghermarriagelife,sheenjoyedromanceandgratificationClarkbroughttoher.HavingatasteofspecialfoodsanddrivingacartogohomebothmadeCarlahappy.However,morehelplessfeelingscameafterthetemporaryperiodofhappiness.Thebusyandpoorlifeandmoreintensivemale-dominatedconsciousnessofClarkmadeCarlasufferalotphysicallyandmentally.Carlaenduredallaloneinsilence.OnlyFlora,alittlesheeptheyraised,couldreadhermind.Later,Florawaslost,whichmadeCarlaverysad.InCarla’sheart,Florawasnotonlytheaccompanytoherbutalsoanotherherself.Flora’sdisappearancetrappedCarlaintolonelinessanddreariness.Shestartedtorethinkofthemarriage.OnedayCarlahelpedSylvia,whowasMr.Jamieson’swife,cleanthehouse,herthoughtsandangersburstoutsuddenlyandtotally.AfterunderstandingwhatconditionCarlawasin,SylviaconnectedherfriendlivinginToronto,gaveCarlasomemoneyandhercoat.ThereforeCarlasetofftoToronto,astrangecityforher,andranawayfromherhusband,leavingasimplemessage--Ihavegoneaway.Iwillbeallwrite.The“write”shouldbe“right”.Carlamightnotrecognizethemistake.Thesupport,understandingandsympathyfromSylviatriggeredCarla’sthesecondescapeandignitedherfemaleconsciousness.Buttheimpetuousleavejustkeptherfemaleconsciousnessawakeforashorttime.Inthebus,shewasworriedaboutthefuturewithoutClark,abouthowtoliveandadaptnewenvironment.Obviously,Clarkstilltookmainpartinherheart.Therefore,whenthebusarrivedatthethirdstation,shebrokedown.ShecalledClarkandsaidpiteously,“Comeandgetme.Please.Comeandgetme.”Thestartforescapingbecametheendofescaping,andthemanwhocouldsaveherwasexactlyClarkwhomCarlawantedtorunawayfrom.Finally,CarlabrokeupwithSylviaandreturnedtoherordinarymarriagelife.AfterreadingAliceMunro’sRunaway,IfoundthattwoescapesofCarlaindicatedthatshetriedtopursuementalfreedomandstriveforself-independence.Insomeway,CarlaranawayfromfamiliesandClarkinordertogetridoftheboundoffamily,marriageandinsideworld.Shedesirestochangeherpresentsituationandgetcompleteself-independencetobeafreefemaleinvolvedintheworld.Herfirstescapewasdonesuccessfullybutthesecondonewasafailure.Shecouldhaverunawayandrealizedherliberationwithoutsufferingthecontemptandindifferencefromherhusband,butshefinallyreturnedbacktothehousethatshewantedtorunawaybefore.Fromtheperspectiveofexistentialistfeminism,IascribethetwodifferentresultstoCarla’simmatureconsciousnessoffemininityandthesecondsex.2.LiteratureReviewThispartwillexplainthetheoryusedinmypaper,includingexistentialism,existentialistfeminism,andthedefinitionofthesecondsex,eachofwhichwillbestatedrespectivelyasfollows.2.1AccountsonExistentialismExistentialism,oneofmainphilosophicalschoolsinWest,wasfirstlyputforwardbyMartinHeideggerwhowasaGermanphilosopherin20thCentury.Existentialismisacomprehensivephilosophicalschool,includingtheisticexistentialism,atheisticexistentialismandhumanisticexistentialism,whichcouldrefertoanyhumanistictheorythatconsidersirrationalactivitiesofasinglepersonasthevaryrealexistence.Existentialismfocusesonhumanbeingsandrespectpersonalityandfreedomofmen.Manlivesinmeaninglesscosmos,sotheexistenceofmanismeaninglessitselfaswell.Butheperfectshimselftoliveawonderfullifebasedonhisownexistence.AftertheFirstWorldWar,Existentialismarose.TheFirstWorldWarwasthebeginningoftheendofEuropeanbourgeoiscivilization.Withmoderntimescoming,Mangetthroughanon-religiousphaseinhistory.Atthesametime,thoughManhasunprecedentedrights,sciences,technologiesandcivilization,hefindsthatthereisnoplaceforhim.Asreligionthatholdseverythingfunctionspoorly,henotonlypossessesnothingbutalsobecomesabrokenobject.Havingnosenseofbelonging,hethinksthatheisanoutsiderinhumansocietyandforeignizeshimself.Whenheneedsapropertheorytodispelhisfeelingofbeingforeignized,thereisExistentialismaccordingly.ExistentialismmainlyderivesfrommysticismofSorenKierkegaard,voluntarismofNietzscheandphenomenologyofHusserl.MartinHeideggeristhemainfounderofExistentialism,andJean-PaulCharlesisthemanwhodevelopedit.SorenKierkegaard,Danishphilosopherandtheologist,wasapioneerinexistentialism.KierkegaardeverwroteaphilosophicworknamedTheConceptofDeadlayingfoundationsofChristianexistentialism.ChristianexistentialismdeniestheexistenceofsubjectiveworldandtheexistenceofabstractspiritofHegel.Christianexistentialismbelievesthatrealexistingthingsonlyexistinpersonalinward——Personality.Manistheonlyexistenceandstandardforeverythingintheworld.Kierkegaardwascontradictory.Inhisview,thecentralfactin19thcenturywasthatChristiancivilizationwasgoneforgood.ButhewasaChristianatthesametime.HemaintainedthatChristianityonlycaredaboutindividualsbutpaidnoattentiontochangesinthewholesociety,whichwasoppositetohisthoughts.Therefore,hewasnotwelcomebypeople.AftertheFirstWorldWar,existentialismbecamepopularinGermany.ItsmainrepresentativesincludedMartinHeideggerandKarlJaspers.GermanywasafailureinthewarandasuccessinOctoberRevolution.WorkersrevoltedinBerlinbetween1918and1928.AllseverelythreatenedGermanbourgeoislife.Pessimismincludingworries,annoysandfearsbesiegedthebourgeoisie.Buttheywerenotresignedtoacceptthatandintendedtomakeacomeback.Theintelligentsiaputtheirpessimismintobourgeoisrevenge.Itfollowedexistentialismphilosophy.KarlJasperscarriedonKierkegaard’sChristianexistentialismwithhisopinionthatmenpursueGod,thatphilosophyshouldfocusonmen,andmen’sexistenceindangershouldbeanimportantissue.MartinHeidegger,Germanyphilosopher,wasthefounderofwestexistentialism.AffecteddeeplybyNietzsche,Heideggerwasoneofrepresentativeswhoclaimedatheisticexistentialism.HeputexistentialismforthefirsttimeinhisworknamedExistenceandTimeandfurtherexistentialismtheorysystematicallyandclearly.Asforthequestionofhowmentoexist,hepointedthatasanexistingmanwhowasfacedwithnothingnesswouldbelonelytrappedinbotherandworryforgood.Thereasonwhyamanisinpaininthatheisoutoflinewithhisconditionfromabovetobelow;thatheisalwaysworriedandfearedforever,facedwithanincomprehensibleworld,evenanabsurdworld.Worryandfearrevealman’sexistencetruly.Amanhasfreedomofself-selectionandself-control.Onlyworryandfearleadtoexistence.HeideggerdeeplyanalyzeddeathinExistenceandTime,fromwhichwecouldunderstandhisopinionaboutthevalueofhumanbeings’existence.ThatIamgoingtodieisnotasuperficialandopenfactbutanintrinsicpossibilityofmyownbeing.Heideggerpointedthatallofwestideologicalhistoryonlyconcentratedonexistingobjectsbutforgotexistenceofexistingobjects,whichwasaverybigbreakthroughinphilosophicalstudy.Asforhowtobringittolight,heusedphenomenologyofhisteacher,EdmundHusserl.Theword“phenomenon”means“voluntarilyappear”inGreek.SoHeideggersaidthatphenomenologymeantthatobjectswereallowedtoexpresstheirownattemptsthemselves.HestartedtorefuteNietzsche’sideathatknowledgewasexpressionofpower-willinthefinalend.AccordingtoHeidegger,wecan’tknowanobjectbypower,conquestandsuppressionbutonlybynaturesothatitwouldshowwhatitisfinallybyitself.AftertheSecondWorldWar,existentialismdominatedFrenchideologicalworld.Andsomewritersexpandedtheinfluenceofexistentialismbyliterarycreation.Basically,ExistentialisminFrancewasdividedintotwoschools,ChristianexistentialismthatSimoneWeilladvocatedandatheisticexistentialismthatJean-PaulCharlesrepresented.DuringtheSecondWorldWar,negativeemotionsanddisappointmentwereeverywhereinFrance.Becauseofworriesandloneliness,theintelligentsiaregardedcynicismasafashion.Therefore,existentialismofJean-PaulCharleswhoadvocatedpersonallives,freedomandexistencewasextremelypopularinpeople,

andbecamethemostfashionablephilosophyforthecapitalistclassandtheintelligentsia.Until50sto60sin20thcentury,existentialismwasthemostpopularphilosophicaltrendinwholeEurope.OnthebasisofChristianexistentialism,Jean-PaulCharles,theepitomeofexistentialism,threwawayreligiousmysticismofSorenKierkegaard,carriedonnon-rationalismofHusserlandformedhisownphilosophy-atheisticexistentialism.Then,existentialismdevelopedintoanewphase,thatistosay,existentialismoftoday.Existentialismphilosophyputforwardthreebasicprinciples.Firstofall,essenceisafterexistence,thatistosay,existenceofamanisthefirstthingandessencethesecondthing;whenitcomestoexistence,itisexistenceofhimselfthathefeelshisownbeingbyhimself;heexistsandeverythingexistsandviceversa;inaword,essenceofamandependsonhimself.Second,thelifeispainfulandtheworldisridiculous;intheharshsociety,relationshipsbetweenpeopleandpeoplecertainlyareincompatibleandcruel,andfilledwithfrightfulnessandcrimes;everythingisabsurdwhileamanjustisapersonwhofeelspainsinridiculousandgrimcircumstances;whattheworldgivesmenisnothingbutendlessworries,fearsanddisappointment;itisthesametoboththepoorandtherich.Thelastoneistochoosefreely,whichisthepithofexistentialism.Thecoreofexistentialismisfreedom,thatistosay,heisabsolutelywhenamanchooseshisactivities.Inthisworld,facedwithallkindsofcircumstances,everyonehastheirownfreedomtomakechoicesfreelynomatterwhattheydecidedtodoandhowtheytakeaction.Ifexistenceindeedprecedesessence,amancanneverexplainhisownactionbyanalreadyknownandcertainpersonality.Inotherwords,thereisnodeterminism.Manisfreeandmanisfreedom.Jean-PaulCharlespointedoutthatinfrontofobjects,ifamancannotmakeachoicebyhimself,hehaslostpersonalityandhimself.Charles’sexistentialismnotonlyistheideologicalcoreofexistentialliteraturebutbecomesideologicalfoundationofpost-modernismliteratureinschools.2.2ExistentialistFeminismExistentialistFeminismwasamainschoolinthefirstwaveofwoman’srights.Itsseriesoffemininewords,suchas“theOther”,“transcendentality”,”internality”andsoon,becomeimportantwordsofpost-modernfemininetheoryandhaveagreateffectonfeministschools.ExistentialistFeminismemphasizesthatwomentranscendtheirinternalitytogetridoftheconditions,“theOther”and“theothersex”,whichmakeswomenbuilduptheconsciousnessofsubject,becomeaindependentsubjectandachievetheirownvalue.Theconsciousnessofexistentialistfeminismreferstothatthefemale,asthesubject,hasakindofconsciousnessaboutstatus,functionandvalueintheexternalworld,whichisaninternalmotivepowerencouragingwomentopursueindependenceandfreedom,andallowingwomentodevelopinitiativeandcreation.Concretely,thefemalecouldbeconsciouslyawareofandfulfillherownhistoricalmission,socialresponsibilitiesandobligationsoflife.Besides,thefemaleclearlyknowsthecharacteristicsherself,participatesinsocialactivitiesinauniqueway,andacknowledgesandachievesherownsocialvaluesandneedsoflife.Allasmentionedabovereflectstheconsciousnessofexistentialistfeminism.Theconsciousnessofexistentialistfeminismput“man”and“woman”together,showingthatthefemalepursuesvaluesoflifewithinsexesandbeyondsexes.2.3TheSecondSexTheSecondSexSimonedeBeauvoirwroteisoneofthemostessentialworksinmodernfeministtheory.ThebooktakesinideasfromL’EtreetleTemps(ExistenceandTime)ofMartinHeideggerandL’EtreetleNeant(ExistenceandNothing)ofJeanPaulSartre.HeideggerandSartrewerebothexistentialistphilosophersin20thcentury,whoseexistentialistideassuchas“theOther”,“transcendentality”,“internality”composedthetheoreticalfoundationofexistentialistfeminism.Thesenseofthesecondsexmeansthatthemale,regardinghimselfastheSubject,isthefirstsex,andthatthefemaleisthesecondsexandtheOther.ThejudgmentofwhatisWomandependsonMan.SimonedeBeauvoirpointedoutthattheobjectofreferencethatdefinesanddistinguishesawomanisaman,butthatdefinesanddistinguishesamanisnotwoman.Sheisanaffiliatedpersonandtheinessential(次要者)oppositetothees-sential(主要者).HeisthesubjectandAbsolute,andsheistheOther(他者).AsforthereasonthatthesecondsexandtheOtherareformedinwomen,theauthorexplains,“Oneisnotborn,butratherbecomes,awoman.OneistheOtheronlybecauseanother’sintervention.”Thatistosay,inauthor’sview,thestatusoftheOtherofawomanisalwayscloselylinkedwithherallsituation,whichisexistentialism.Onereasonresultsfrommale-dominatedsystem.Beauvoirbelievesthatawomanisinafamilydominatedbypatriarchy,soweensurethatsheissensitive,introvertandimmanent.Underdominationofmaleconsciousnesstheintrinsiccharacteristicofafemaleisformed.Thesecondoneisderivedfromintrinsiccontrolofafemale,thatisherbearingfromthepointofviewofbiology,whichisthehistorydivisionoflabor-raisingachildfromtheviewofhistory.Thattheseintrinsiccharacteristicsarebearingandraisingachildlimitshersurpassingcharacteristic,makingherbecometheOtherandthesecondsex.Therefore,BeauvoirbelievesthatamaleisextrinsicandsurpassingSelfwhileafemaleisintrinsicSelf.Inconclusion,existentialism,existentialistfeminismandthesecondsexhavecloserelations.ExistentialismregardsManasacore,respectinghispersonalityandliberation.Manlivesinameaninglessworld,andhisexistenceismeaninglessaswell.ButMancouldenrichhimselfonthebasisofhisexistence.Withincreasingfemalemovements,thosewhoadvocatewomen’srightsurgetofindatheoryfortheirspeeches.Therefore,existentialism,asphilosophicfoundation,istakeninfeminist’sideas.Accordingly,existentialistfeminismemerges.Fromtheperspectiveofexistentialism,existentialistfeminismputforward“theOther”,“transcendentality”,“internality”,etc.Throughthoseideas,existentialistfeminismstressesthatwomentranscendinternality,trytogetridofconditionslike“theOther”and“thesecondsex”,buildupfemaleconsciousness,becomefreesubjectsandrealizetheirownvalues.Concretelyspeaking,thatistosay,theexistentialistfeminismconsistsofthesecondsex——thatWomanisthesecondsexandahanger-oninmale-dominatedworld.Inmyfollowingparts,IwillanalyzerelationshipsbetweenCarlaandotherrolesandresultsoftworunawaysbyusingthosetheories.3.RelationshipsBetweenCarlaandOthersInthispart,IwillclarifytherelationshipsbetweenCarlaandherfamily,Clark,SylviaandFlora,andtrytodigoutwhatinfluencesotherrolesinthisshortstoryhaveonreasonsandresultsofCarla’stworunawaysinthelightofexistentialistfeminism.3.1CarlaandHerFamilyFromtheshortstory,whatCarlawantedtorunawayisherfamilyatthefirsttime.It’sobviousthatCarlafeltlittleloveandgotnoattentionfromherparentsandolderbrother.What’smore,hernewfamilywasdominatedbyherstepfatherwhodidn’tcareaboutCarla.Ofcourse,whenitcametoClark,herlovedman,whowasahorsecoachwithoutmuchmoneyandhighsocialclass,herfamilydiddisagreetheirrelationship.Carlacannotbearcriticalcommentsfromherparents.Therefore,CarladecidedtorunwaywithClark.Hermotherwrotetoherandtoldherthatshedidn’tknowwhatshewereleavingbehind.Butshesaidauthenticallyinhernotethatsheneedamoreauthentickindoflifeandexpectedherfamilytounderstandthis(Munro33).FromCarla’swords,wecanseethatCarlawantedtogetridofthecontrolfromherparents,especiallyherstepfather,andliveinarealandlovelylifeindependently.Althoughherfirstescapewasforlove,thesenseoffemininityhasalreadyappeared.

Carlaknewwhatshewantedandwhatshewasgoingto.3.2CarlaandClarkIntheshortstory,ClarkwasthatpersonwhohelpedCarlarunawayfromherfamilysuccessfullyatthefirsttime,andwasthatpersonCarlawantedtorunawayfromatthesecondtime.Atthebeginning,theywereimmersedintheirnewmarriedlife.Theyworkedtogetherinspiteofpoorincome.Later,realitycametoCarlaaftermellifluoushoneymoon.Underpressuresofharshlife,Carlafeltupset.CarladidwhatamandidandstruggledforlifewithClarktogether.ExhaustionfrommarriagelifeandmalechauvinismchangedClark’sattitudetoCarlaobviously,eventhoughClarkdidn’tnoticeit.HealwayspreferredtokilltimebycomputerratherthantalktoCarla.Carlawantedtogetmorehisattention,soshefeignedanaffairwiththatpoet,Mr.Jamieson.ButClarkjustwantedtoblackmailMrs.Jamiesonforhissakeanddidn’tcareaboutCarlaherself.ClarksaidtoCarlainapreoccupiedbutnotunfriendlyvoiceandalwaysmurmuredhimselfaloneinsteadoftalkedtoCarlapatiently.Hewasangrywithherallthetimeasifshedideverythingwrong(Munro10-23).Carlacouldn’tgetrespectandcarefromClark.Fromthosewordslike“mad”,“hated”and“unfriendly”wecanseetheattitudeofClarktoCarla.Ofcourse,Carlacouldn’tstandit.Shewaslivinginsuchasufferingmarriedlifefarawayfromwhatshehadeverexpected..Itwasbetterforhertostartanewlifethanstruggledinthepainfullife.3.3CarlaandFloraFromthestory,wecanseethatClarkregardedthelittlegoat,Flora,asatooltoplacaterestlesshorsesinthebarnandinthefields,butCarlatreatedFloraasafriendpet,evenanotherherself.EverytimewhenCarlafinishedchoresandwhenshefeltlonely,FlorawasCarla’sdevotedlistener.“Carla’sbehaviorwiththehorseswastenderandstrictandrathermaternal,butthecomradeshipwithFlorawasquitedifferent,Floraallowinghernosenseofsuperiority”(Munro9).CarlasharedherallemotionsandsecretswithFlora.ButFlora’sdisappearancemadeCarladepressedasifshelostherself.ShehaddreamedofFloralastnightandthenightbefore.InthefirstdreamFlorahadwalkedrightuptothebedwitharedappleinhermouth,

butintheseconddream--last--shehadrunawaywhenshesawCarlacoming.Herlegseemedtobehurtbutsherananyway(Munro7).FromCarla’sdreams,thedisappearanceofFloraseemedtoseduceCarlatorunawayandimplyCarlathatshemustleaveClarktofindanewandindependentlife.Carla’ssecondrunawayjustwitnessedCarla’sdreams.Theconsciousnessoffemininitydevelopedfurther.3.4Carlaand