AutoCAD使用指南中英文翻译、外文文献翻译、外文翻译

PAGEPAGE5AotuCADThistutorialhasbeenpreparedforarchitecturestudentsattheFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironmentstudyingAutoCAD.IthasbeenplacedontheWebfindthematerialofuse!NotethatthroughoutthisdocumentIamusingthecharacter“↙”tosymbolizethe[Enter]and[spacebar]keys.StephenPeter,17July2005(8October1998).IntroductionThedrawingusedforthistutorialcomesfromClarkR.andM.Pause,“PrecedentsinArchitecture”,VNR1985,page135.Inthistutorialyouwilllearnhowtoeditgraphics(!)andaboutsettingmodelspacelimits.YouwilldrawasimpleplanbasedonFrankLloydWright’s1956(NewYork)GuggenheimMuseum.Pleasenotethatthedimensionsusedinthistutorialareneitheraccuratenorcorrect!Idon’thaveaccesstoanaccuratelydimensioneddrawingofthebuildingsoI’veguessedthedimensions…StartingAutoCADOnmycomputer,thebottom-leftcoordinatewas0,0,0andthetop-rightcoordinatewas514,296,0.StartAutoCAD,andthenmovethecursortothebottomleftofthescreen,youwillnotethecoordinates(onthestatusline)godowntonear0,0.IntheversionIamusingthedrawinglimitsaresettothesize(inmillimeters)ofanA3sheetofpaper(420,297).SettingtheLimitsandUnitsAlternatively,selectFormat-DrawingLimitsandthentypethenumbersshown.ItisnormalwhenusingAutoCADtodrawobjectsfullsize,soit’susuallynecessarytoresetthedrawinglimitsto(about)thesizeoftheobjectbeingdrawn(orinthecaseofabuildingthebuilding’ssite).Type:Limits0,0↙5000,5000↙Thissetsthedrawing“size”to50×50meters.Nextweneedtogetridofthe4decimalpoints!Select“Format-Unit…”,AutoCADwilldisplaythe“DrawingUnits”dialog.MakesureDecimalistheUnitssectionandDecimalDegreesintheAnglessection,theninunit’sPrecision,clickonthedownarrowbeside“0.000”andselect“0”,andfinallyselect“OK”.Thissetsthe“modelspace”dimensions.Toresetthedrawingviewtothewholeofthe(empty)drawing,selectthezoom-allicon,whichishidingunderthezoom-windowicon(onthezoomtoolbarisdisplay(ortype:z[space]A[space]).Movethecursoraroundnowandnotethatthecoordinatesarenowbiggernumbers!LettheDrawingBegin!!Thisshowsusthe“drawingarea”.Firstlydrawarectanglefrom0,0to50000,50000.“C”isthealiasforCIRCLE.Thendrawacircle,centeredat30000,24000witha6000radius.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙),thentype:30000,24000↙thecirclecentre6000↙thecircleradiusCentersnap:TogetAutoCADtodisplaytheObjectSnapModestoolbar,select“Toolbars”fromthe“View”menuandthenselect“ObjectSnap”.Nextyouwilldrawanothercircle,withthesamecenter,butwitha9500radius.Press:↙to“recall”thelastcommand.Selectthecentresnapmode(ortype:CEN↙),thenpickthefirstcircle(NOTthecentreofthecircle),thentype:9500↙thecircleradiusDrawtheBuilding“Wing”Nextdrawarectanglefromthecentreofthecirclesto39500,33500.Onceyouhavedonethatdrawanotherrectangletotherightofthelast,startat39500,24000andmaketherectangle1500×9500.YoumightfindthefollowingsectioneasierifyouturnobjectsnappingON(makesure“OSNAP”isINinthestatusarea).EndpointSnapMidpointSnapNowyouwilldrawanarcontheendofthelastrectangle(seefigure1).SelectDraw-arc-Start-Center-End,thenselecttheEndpointsnapmode(ortype:END↙)andselectthebottom-rightofthelastrectangle.ForthecentrepointoftheArc,selecttheMiddleSnapMode(ortype:MID↙)andselectthemiddleoftherightedgeofthelastrectangle.FortheendoftheArc,selecttheEndpointSnapModeandselectthetop-rightoftherectangle.SavethedrawingSavethedrawing:selectthesaveicon(ortype:QSAVE↙),ifyouarepromptedforadrawingname,selecttheappropriateDriveandDirectoryandtypeadrawingname(forexample:TUT2)andselect“OK”.Copy&RotatetheBuildingWingNowwewanttocopy&rotatethetworectanglesandthearc(3times),AuoCADprovidesthearraycommandtoachievethis.Thisarraycommandisusedtocopyoneormoreobjectsineitherarectangularorcircularpatternandwhenacircularpatternisusedtheobjectscanberotated;itcanbeanincrediblypowerfulcommand.SelectModify-Array,AutoCADwillpromptfortheobjectstobeselected:clickbelowandtotheleftofthebottom-leftcorneroftheleftrectangleandthenmovethemouseuntiltheselectionrectangleencloseshetworectanglesandthearc-thenclickthemousebutton(3objectsshouldbeselected).Thenpress↙toendtheselectionprocess.Centersnap:AfterselectingtheCentersnapmode,pickcircleNOTcenter!AutoCADwillthenpromptforthetypeofArrary-rectangularorpolar,type:p↙forpolar.ThenusetheCentresnapmodetoselectthecentreofthecircles.Thentype:4↙thenumberofitems(includingtheexisitingitem)↙accept360degrees↙accept“rotateascopied”ExplodingObjects!Forconvenience,inthefollowingsection,I’lltalkofthe“top-rightwing”andthe“bottom-rightwing”.Bythe“top-rightwing”Imeanthefirstrectanglesandarcthatyoudrew,andthe“bottom-rightwing”istherectanglesandarcinthebottom-rightcorner!!Nowweneedtoerasesomeofthelineswe’vedrawn.Whentherectanglecommandisusedtherectanglethatisdrawnisa“polyline”whichmeansthatallthelinesthatmakeuptheobjectarejoinedtogether,thelinesmustbe“exploded”beforeanypartsoftherectanglecanbeerased.Explode:Beawarethatexplodedoesnotappeartodoanything!Itdoesn’tsay-“yes,I’vedonethat”andthedisplaydoesn’tchange,butAutoCADwilldisplayanerrormessageiffailedtoexplodetheobjects.Selectexplodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortypex↙whichisthealiasfor“explode”)selectboththerectanglesinthe“top-rightcorner”andthenpress↙.IfAutoCADdoesn’tdisplayanyerrormessagesthentheexplodecommandworked!ErasingObjectsWeneedtodeletesomeextraneouslinesfromthedrawing…Selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙).Clickontherightedgeoftheinnerrectangle(fromthe“top-fight”corner),andpress↙.AutoCADshouldautomaticallyredrawtheareaaroundtheerasedline.Nowweerasetheotherlinethere!Analternatewaytodeleteistoclickontheobjecttobedeletedandthenpressthekeyboard’s“Delete”key.Clickonthelineinthesameplaceandpress“Delete”.StretchingYourWingsNowyouneedtostretchthe“bottom-leftwing”andthenremovetheinnerlines.Stretch:The“c”tellsAutoCADthatyouwanta“crossing”window.Thenormalselectionwindowselectsonlythoseobjectswhollywithinthesectionwindow.Acrossingselectionwindowselectsobjectsthatarewhollyorpartlywithintheselectionwindow.Selectstretch(ortype:s↙whichisthealiasforstretch).Typec↙andthendrawaselectionwindowaroundtheareandthroughthesmallrectangle(seefigure4),press↙toterminatetheselectionprocess,clickwithleftmousebuttonneartheselectedobjects,andtype:@-10000,0↙(thisisthe“stretchdistance”).Ifthatworkedthebuildingwingshouldstretch10meters(totheleft).Ausefulshort-cuttoknowisthatifyoudrawaselectionrectangleleft-to-right(inthepositiveXdirection)AutoCADinterpretsitasa“window”selection;butifyoudrawtheselectionrectangleright-to-leftAuoCADinterpretsitasa“crossing”selection.[TipthankstoBarton]Explodeboththerectanglesinthe“bottom-leftwing”anderasetheverticallines,exceptthelinefromthecentreofthecircles.OnelastCircle…Thelastobjecttoaddisacircleinsidethearcofthe“bottom-leftwing”.Selectcircle(ortype:c↙).SelecttheCentersnapmode(ortype:CEN↙)andclickonthearc;thentype3600↙(thecircle’sradius).CircleCentersnapIt’salwaysworthsavingyourworkregularly!Selectsave（orpress“Ctrl+S”).MoreExplosionsandDeletions…Thedrawingisbasicallycompleted,allthatneedstobedoneistochangesomeoftheline-types!Select:explodefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:x↙),selectalltherectanglesattherectanglesatthecentreoftheoriginalcircles(useacrossingselectionwindow),andthepress↙.Thereare8linesgoingtothecentre(4are“covered”bytheothers).Youneedtoerase4ofthem,selecterasefromthemodifytoolbar(ortype:E↙),thenclickoneachofthefourlinesandfinallypress↙.ExplodeAutoCADshoulddisplayamessagesayingthatsomeobjectscouldnotbeexploded-ignorethemessage-it’ssimplysayingthasomeoftherectangleshavealreadybeenexploded.EraseYoushouldnowbeabletoseethelinesthatwereunderthelinesyouerased!ChangingLineTypesBeforechangingsomeofthelinestodashedlines,weneedtoloadthelinetype(!).SelectFormat-Linetype…,thenselect“load…”.AutoCADwilldisplayalistoflinetypes,select“Hidden”(youwillneedtoscrollthroughthelist!),thenselect“OK”,thenselect“OK”againtodismissthe“SelectLinetype”dialogbox.Selectthe4linesgoingtothecirclecentreandthearcsinthe“top-left”and“top-right”wings(seefigure5),thenselectModify-Properties…,Adialogwiththepropertiesoftheselectedobjectsisdisplayed.ChangetheLinetypetoHIDDENandthelinetypeScaleto75anddismissthedialog.Theobjectsshouldberedrawnusingdashedlines.TheEnd!That’sallforthistutorial!SaveyourdrawingandthenexitAutoCAD.Remembertologoffbeforeleaving.TheUniversityofNewSouthwales·Sydney·AustraliaFacultyoftheBuiltEnvironment.

AutoCAD使用指南本指南为建筑学学生准备了在学习AUTOCAD时建立环境的才干。它在网络安置促进通入由那些学生而且因为我相信其它也许发现有用材料！注意在本文中使用字符“”代表[输入]和[空键]键。斯蒂芬彼得，2005年7月17日（1998年10月8日）介绍用于本指南的图画来自ClarkR.和M.Pause，“先例在建筑学”，VNR1985,第135页。在本指南您将学会如何编辑图表（！）和关于设置模型空间极限。您将根据FrankLloydWright的1956年（纽约）Guggenheim博物馆的一个简单的计划画图请注意：用于本指南的维度既不是准确的也不是正确的！我不得以进入对大厦的一张准确地被度量的图画，因此我猜测维度…开始AutoCAD在我的计算机，底部左座标是0，0，0，并且上面正确的坐标是514，296，0。开始AutoCAD,然后移动游标向左下屏幕，您将注意坐标（在状态行）下来到近0，0。在版本我使用图画极限被设置到大小（在毫米）的A3纸片（420，297）。设置极限和单位二者择一地，选择格式图画极限然后键入显示的数字。它是正常的，当使用AutoCAD得出对象充分的大小时，如此重新设置图画极限到（关于）通常是必要的被画的对象的大小（或在大厦情况下建筑工地）。类型：限制0，0这设置凹道“大小”到50x50米。50000，50000其次我们需要摆脱4小数点！选择“格式单位”。AutoCAD将显示“图画单位”对话。确定小数在单位部分和小数程度在角度部分被选择，然后在单位的精确度，点击下来箭头在“0.0000旁边”并且选择“0”，并且选择“好”如果坐标在状态区域没有变成小数位，移动鼠标！迅速缩放窗口的全部迅速缩放窗口的小窗口Z是别名（捷径）为区域缩放。切记：[空格]和一样的作用设置“式样空间”纬度。重新设置工程图视图到（空的）图的整体，选择迅速缩放所有对象，哪些掩藏在迅速缩放窗口之下（在标准工具栏）拿着下来区域工具栏的其余然后显示（或键入：Z[空格]A[空格]）。现在移动游标并且注意坐标现在是更大的数字！让画图开始！！这显示我们“绘图区”首先从0，0得出长方形到5000，5000.“C”为circle(圆)的缩略。然后画圈，集中在30000，24000与一条6000条半径。选择圈子（或键入：C）,然后类型：30000，24000圈子中心圈子半径中心捕捉:要得到AutoCAD显示对象捕捉方式工具栏，从“视图”菜单选择“工具栏”然后选择“对象捕捉”。其次您将画另一个圆，与同一个中心，但与一条9500条半径。按回车：“召回”最后命令。选择中心捕捉方式（或键入：CEN）,然后采摘第一个圈子（不是中心圈子），然后键入：9500圆的半径画大厦的“翼”下凹道一个长方形从圆的中心到39500，33500。提示：使用一个相对坐标@1500,9500

一旦您做了在上一个的右边画出另一个长方形，以39500，24000开始并且做长方形1500x9500。您也许发现以下部分更加容易，如果您转动对象攫取（确定“OSNAP”在状态区域）。终点捕捉中点捕捉现在您在最后长方形的结尾将画弧，选择画弧开始中心结束，然后选择终点捕捉方式（或键入：结束）并且选择底部正确最后长方形。为弧的中点，选择中点捕捉方式（或键入：中间）和选择最后长方形的正确的边缘的中部。为弧的末端，选择终点捕捉方式并且选择上面正确长方形。保存图画保存保存图画：选择保存像（或类型：QSAVE），如果您提示对于图画名字，选择适当的驱动和目录并且键入图画名字（例如：TUT2）和选择“好”。拷贝复制&转动大厦“翼”现在我们想要复制&转动二个长方形和弧（3次），AutoCAD提供列阵命令达到此。阵列命令被用于复制或移动对象在或一个长方形或圆样式是用途对象可能被转动；这可能是一个难以置信地强有力的命令。选择修改-阵列，AutoCAD提示对于对象被选择：点击左长方形左边之下的底部左角落，然后移动鼠标直到选择长方形附寄二个长方形和弧，然后点击鼠标键（3个对象应该被选择）。然后按结束选择过程。中心捕捉在选择中心捕捉方式以后，捕捉圆而非圆心！AutoCAD然后提示选择阵列类型：矩形或圆形，键入：P为圆形。然后使用中心捕捉方式选择圆的中心。类型：4项目的数量（包括存在的项目）受理360度受理“转动依照被复制”打碎对象！为了方便，在以下部分，我将谈论“上面正确的翼”和“底部正确的翼”。由“上面正确的翼”我的意思是您得出的第一个长方形和弧。并且“底部正确的翼”是长方形和弧在底部正确的角落！！现在我们需要删掉画了的某些线。当使用时拉长长方形的命令是意味着的“polyline”组成对象一起被加入的所有线，在可以删掉之前，必须“打碎线”长方形的所有部分。打碎注意打碎药量看上去不明显！它不认为“是”，我做“并且显示不改变”，如果它