高中英语人教版一轮学案选择性Unit1PeopleofAchievement

选择性必修第一册Unit1PeopleofAchievement主题语境：人与自我(做人与做事)【话题词汇】n.物理学家n.天文学家n.技术专家n.生物学家n.动物学家n.植物学家n.证明；证(明)书n.资格；学历n.责任；负责vt.承担；从事；负责n.建立n.灵感adj.潜在的adj.创造性的adj.意志坚定的adj.可信赖的【话题短语】greatcontributionsto对……做出突出贡献involvedin参与……oneselfto致力于overvarietiesofdifficulties克服各种各样的困难aleadingrolein起着重要的作用one'sdream实现某人的梦想maderapidprogressin在某方面取得很大的进步research科学研究thechallenge面对挑战outanewscientificidea开创科学新观点【话题佳句】1.Thereisnodoubtthatwebenefitalotfromthescientificadvancementsinmanydifferentways.毫无疑问，我们在许多不同的方面受益于科学的进步。thedifficultiesscientisthopefuturediscoverywillnotonlyenableustounderstandhowtheuniversebeganbutalsohelpussomewhileinthefuture.尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现，不仅能使我们了解宇宙的起源，还能帮助我们在未来更好地生存。technologyplaysasignificantroleinourdailylife,suchasmunicationandtransportationtechnology.科学技术在我们的日常生活中发挥着重要作用，如通信和运输技术。【话题练习】technologyhasalreadypromotedtechnologicalimprovementthatbenefitusall.科学技术已经促进了造福于我们所有人的技术改进。conclusionscienceprovidestheworldwithmanydifferentbenefits.Therefore,itshouldcontinuesoastoprovidenewandbettersolutionstopeople'sshorttermandlongtermproblems.总之，科学提供了许多不同的益处，因此，他应该继续为人类面临的短期和长期的问题提供新的，更好的解决方法。wasoneofthebestprofessorsI'veeverhad,andhereallycaredabouthisstudentsandtheirwork.他是我遇到过的最好的教授之一，他对他的学生们和他们的学习非常关心。Ⅰ.重点单词1．________________adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的2．________________n.(艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院；学会；专科院校3．________________vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行4．________________n．(pl.geniuses)天才；天资；天赋5．________________n.失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜6．________________n.液体adj.液体的；液态的7．________________adj.温柔的；文静的8．________________vt.分析9．________________vi.流动；流n.流；流动；流畅；供应10．________________vt.创建；建立；把……建立在11．________________vt.推断；推定12．________________vt.偶然碰到；遇到n.邂逅；遭遇13．________________adj.至关重要的；关键性的14．________________n.草稿；草案vt.起草；草拟15．________________adj.植物学的16．________________n.物质；物品；事实根据Ⅱ.拓展单词1．________vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→________adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的→mitmentn．承诺；交托；信奉2．________adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的→distinctionn．差别；区分；卓著3．________vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢→________n．承认4．________vt.推断出；得出结论；使结束；vi.结束；终止→________n．结论；推论；结束5．apparentadj.显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→________adv.显而易见；看来；显然6．sciencen．科学→scientistn．科学家→________adj.科学(上)的；关于科学的7．consequencen.结果→__________adj.随之发生的→__________adv.因此8．objectn.物体；对象；客体→________n．目标；目的adj.客观的9．evaluatevt.评估；评价→________n.评估；评价10．passionn.酷爱，热情→________adj.热爱的，酷爱的联想拓展­ment表名词，“行为或结果”①movementn.运动②agreementn.协议③managementn.管理④establishmentn.建立，设立⑤improvementn.改善⑥argumentn.争论表示“成就”的动词荟萃①improvev.改进，改善②promotev.促进，推动③inspirev.鼓舞④contributev.有助于⑤achievev.取得⑥gainv.获得Ⅲ.核心短语1．________________承诺；保证(做某事、遵守协议或安排等)2．________________坚决要求3．________________冒生命危险4．________________(开始)掌权；上台5．________________担任；任职6．________________总结；概括7．________________磨损；损耗8．________________经得起；抵抗9．________________偶然；意外地联想拓展动词＋up短语荟萃(up完全；彻底地)breakup分裂，打碎burnup完全烧尽useup全部用尽tearup撕碎eatup吃光表示“评价”的形容词荟萃①remarkableadj.非凡的②dedicatedadj.有献身精神的③outstandingadj.杰出的④respectedadj.受尊敬的⑤responsibleadj.负责任的⑥admirableadj.令人钦佩的Ⅳ.重点句型1．过去分词作定语In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearchers________.(入选的)2．upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……________________(一听到)thatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”3．主语＋bethought＋过去分词Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,and________________________(被认为挽救了)100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.高频考点探究Ⅰ.核心词汇1．vitaladj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的【教材原句】Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分。bevitalto...对……很重要Itisvitaltodosth.做某事是很重要的Itisvitalthat...……是十分重要的(that从句中要用虚拟语气，即shoulddo,should可以省略)【练透考点】单句语法填空①Asweallknow,waterisvitalto/forkeepingeverythingalive,without________theworldwouldbeadeadplace.②________isvitalthatyou(should)keepaccuraterecordswhenyouareself­employed.③Theconservationoftropicalforestsis________vitalimportance.【佳句背诵】Understandinghistoryisvitalto/forunderstandingourselvesasapeopleandnation.作为一个民族和一个国家，了解历史对于了解我们自身是至关重要的。2．mitvt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活动等)【教材原句】TuYouyou,amittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,andgraduatedfromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.屠呦呦，一位坚定而有耐心的科学家，1930年12月30日出生于中国宁波，1955年毕业于北京大学医学院。(1)mit...to把……送交，托付给……；对……作出承诺，承担义务，担负责任；使(自己)致力于……mitoneselftodo...承诺；保证做某事mitacrime犯罪(2)mittedadj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的mitmentn.承诺；交托；信奉【知识拓展】过去式、过去分词mitted,mitted【练透考点】单句语法填空①Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforemittingthemselves________takingoutaloan.②Bothsidesmittedthemselves________(settle)disputepeacefully.③Tomisa________(mit)memberofourfootballteam.④Amanwhomittedamistakeanddoesn'tcorrectitis________(mit)anothermistake.【佳句背诵】Betotallymittedtowhatyoudo,asexcellenceisonlypossiblewithmitment.完全致力于你所做的事，因为只有完全付出才可能达到卓越。3．evaluatevt.评估；评价【教材原句】Herteamexaminedover2,000oldmedicaltexts,andevaluated280,000plantsfortheirmedicalproperties.她的团队查看了2000多本古老的医学文献，并对28万种植物的药用性能进行了评估。(1)evaluatesb.on/by根据……评价某人(2)evaluationn.估计；评价makeanevaluationof对……进行评估【练透考点】单句语法填空①Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbe________(evaluate)intermsofoverallquality.②Thestudentsshouldrewritetheirpapersandsubmitthemfortheirfinal________(evaluate)．③Don'tevaluatepeople________theirclothes.【佳句背诵】Writingdownyourprogressallowsyoutoobjectivelyevaluateyourwork.写下你的进度可以让你客观地评估你的工作。4．acknowledgevt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢【教材原句】However,TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.然而，屠呦呦并不接受失败。acknowledge(doing/havingdone)sth.承认(做了)某事acknowledgesb./sth.tobe/as承认某人/某物是……acknowledgethat...承认……It'sgenerally/universallyacknowledgedthat...大家公认……acknowledgementn.承认；感谢；谢礼【词源解读】acknowledge由ac­“在(at)”和knowledge“知道(know)”构成，即“处于知道的状态”。其词源义及基本义为“承认”。【练透考点】单句语法填空①Thecountryhasacknowledged________________(take)everymeanstofightagainstanypossibleattack.②“Sheisusuallyacknowledged________(be)oneofourbestartists.③It'sgenerallyacknowledged________educationshouldn'tbemeasuredonlybyexaminationresults.【佳句欣赏】Itisuniversallyacknowledgedthatwealthdoesn'tnecessarilymeanhappiness.众所周知，财富并不一定意味着幸福。5．circumstancen．[usuallypl.]条件；环境；状况ThereisnothingwecandotohelpLinda.Hercircumstancesarebeyondourcontrol.我们帮不了琳达什么忙。她的处境是我们无法控制的。(1)in/underthecircumstances在这种情况下(2)in/undernocircumstances决不；无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)【知识拓展】以下短语均意为“决不；无论如何也不”，置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装语序。atnotime,innoway,innosense,onnoaccount,onnocondition【练透考点】完成句子①我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。IknowIcantrusther________________.②这些故事使我们深思，在类似情况下我们应该做什么。Suchstoriessetusthinking，wonderingwhatweshoulddo________________________.③在任何情况下，我都没想到，当我决定接受这份工作时，我会遇到这么多问题。________________________expectthatIwouldmeetsomanyproblemswhenIdecidedtotakethejob.【佳句背诵】Undernocircumstancesshallwegiveupourbeliefthatwecanmakethisworldabetterplacetolivein.在任何情况下，我们都不会放弃我们的信念，即我们可以使这个世界成为一个更美好的居住地。Ⅱ.核心短语6．etopower(开始)掌权；上台【教材原句】Circumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年，当希特勒在德国掌权时，情况发生了变化。beyond/outofone'spower力所不能及的beinpower执政takepower掌权doall/everythinginone'spowertodosth.竭尽所能做某事【误区释疑】etopower表示动作，beinpower表示状态，etopower不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，而beinpower可以。【练透考点】完成句子①尽管他执政两年了，但他还没有找到解决国家经济问题的有效方法。Thoughhehasbeen________fortwoyears，hehasn'tfoundaneffectivesolutiontothecountry'seconomicproblems.②他上台执政已经两年了。Ithasbeentwoyearssincehe________________.③是我的朋友关心我，尽他的力量帮助我。Itwasmyfriendwhowasconcernedaboutmeand________________________.④近年来，妇女开始担任越来越重要的职位。Womenarestartingto________________inmoreandmoreimportantpositionsinrecentyears.7．takeupaposition/post担任职务，任职【教材原句】AfterspendingtimeinEurope,hefinallytookupapositionasaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.在欧洲待了一段时间后，他最终在美国普林斯顿大学高等研究院找到了一份研究员的工作。takeup拿起；接受；开始；继续；占据(时间或空间)takeaway解除；消除takedown拿下；取下；记下takein理解；欺骗；接纳takeoff脱去；起飞；突然受欢迎takeon呈现；开始雇用【练透考点】写出下列句中takeup的含义①Ricktookupthechallengeandcycledthe250mileroutealone.________②Oldbookstakeupmuchspaceintheoffice.________③Iputthephonedownandtookupworkagain.________单句语法填空④Inordertopractisemyspeakingskillsandgetmoreexperience，I'meagertobetaken________forthisjob.⑤Withmostoftheproblemssolved，Ifeltagreatweighttaken________mymind.⑥Themorefatyoutake________beforebedtime，thegreaterburdenyouwillputonyourbodyatnight.【佳句背诵】Forgivemeforhavingtakenupsomuchofyourtimeandacceptmybestwishesforyourhealthandhappiness.请原谅我占用了你这么多的时间，请接受我最美好的祝愿，祝你健康快乐。8．insiston坚决要求【教材原句】TuYouyouandherteammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.屠呦呦和她的团队成员甚至坚持在自己身上测试药物，以确保它是安全的。【典型例句】Inconclusion，solongasyouinsistondoingso，youwillsucceedsoonerorlater.总之，只要你坚持这样做，你迟早会成功的。(1)insiston/upon(doing)sth.坚决要求(做)某事(2)在“insist＋that...”结构中，当insist作“坚持主张，坚决要求”讲时，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。当insist作“坚持说，坚持认为”讲时，其后的宾语从句用陈述语气。【知识拓展】与insist的用法相似的词还有suggest。当suggest作“建议”讲时，其后的从句要用虚拟语气。作“表明，暗示”讲时，其后的从句用陈述语气。【练透考点】完成句子①他坚持要我收回所说的话，但我坚持说我的话是对的。HeinsistedthatI________________________whatissaid,butIinsistedthat________________.②他刚才说的话表明他在考试中考得不好，所以我建议你现在不要和他说话。________________________didn'tdowellinthetest,soIsuggestedthatyou________________________himatthemoment.③老师要求充分利用时间做好工作。Theteacherinsistedthateveryminute________________todotheworkwell.Ⅲ.典型句式精析9．UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize，shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine...”一听到她被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说，“荣誉不仅仅属于我……”【典型例句】Uponhearingtheexcitingnews,hejumpedwithjoy.听到这个令人激动的消息时，他高兴地跳起来。【句式分析】upon/ondoing...当……时；一……就……【知识拓展】表示“一……就……”的结构有：theminute，themoment，theinstant,assoonas，immediately，instantly,directly，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...；on等。【练透考点】一句多译让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。①Muchtomysurprise，sheburstintotears________instantshereadtheletter.②Muchtomysurprise，sheburstintotears________shereadtheletter.③Muchtomysurprise,________readingtheletter，sheburstoutcrying.④Muchtomysurprise,________hadshereadtheletterwhensheburstoutcrying.10．Artemisininhasbeeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素已成为治疗疟疾的至关重要的成分，被认为仅在非洲每年就能拯救10万人的生命。【典型例句】Itsuniquesceneryissoimpressivethatitissaidtobemorebeautifulthananyothercityintheworld.它独特的风景是如此令人印象深刻，据说它比世界上任何其他城市都美丽。【句式分析】主语＋bethought＋不定式(1)Sth./Sb.isthoughttodoItisthoughtthat...据认为……不定式根据情况可用一般式、进行式或完成式。(2)该句型可与Itisthoughtthat...互换。常用于该句型的过去分词还有said,believed,considered,hoped,reported等。【练透考点】单句语法填空①Theoldmanissaid________________(go)throughvarietiesofsufferingsduringthewar.②Healthisfrequentlythought________(be)associatedwithabalanceddietandplentyofexercise.③________isreportedthatmanyanewhouseisbeingbuiltatpresentinthedisasterarea.【佳句背诵】Heisthoughttobealearnedandmodestscholar.他被认为是一位博学、谦逊的学者。Ⅰ.高考能力同步化——单句语法填空1．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboats________(stick)milesfromthesea.2．[2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]Theobjectiveofmostspeechesis________(benefit)theaudience.3．[2020·全国卷Ⅱ]AndtensofmillionsinAfricaandAsiacanseebecauseofthe________(mit)Wilsonmadetopreventingthepreventable.4．[2020·全国卷Ⅲ]Asthesmallboatmoved,________(gentle)alongtheriverhewasleftspeechlessbythemountainsbeingsilentlyreflectedinthewater.5．[2020·全国卷Ⅰ]________lostpropertyofficeisopenMondaytoFriday7：30amto5：00pmandislocated(位于)atRomaStreetstation.6.Interestisasvitalto________(learn)astheabilitytounderstandevenmoreso.7.Whatmademedistinct________othersisthatIhavedevelopedfluencyinEnglish.8．Thelongerthissituation________(obtain),themoreextensivetheproblemsbee.9．Beingthecoachofthenewteam,IwasexcitedbecauseIknewweweregoingtowin,buttomydisappointmentwe________(defeat)．10．________(apparent),blindlyfollowingothers'advicewillaffectourjudgment.Ⅱ.必备知识试题化——完成句子1．我突然感到既恐惧又兴奋。Fearandexcitementsuddenly________________me.2．他度假回来就开始写他的第一部小说。________________fromhisvacation,hebeganwritinghisfirstnovel.3．我们和一只黑熊有一次短距离接触。Wehadafrighteningly________________________ablackbear.4．总之，如果要保持健康，你必须经常锻炼，停止吸烟。________________，forahealthyheartyoumusttakeregularexerciseandstopsmoking.5．他有一种让每个人都宾至如归的天赋。He____________________makingpeoplefeelathome.Ⅲ.教材语篇高考化——语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。In2015,TuYouyouwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinebecauseshediscoveredartemisinin,whichisavital(treat)formalaria.TuYouyouwasborninNingbo,Chinain1930and(graduate)fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1967,she,togetherwithateamof(scientist),begantodiscoveranewtreatmentformalaria.In1969,astheheadoftheproject,shedecided(find)traditionalbotanicaltreatmentsforthediseasefromancientChinesemedicaltexts.Shegotaninspirationfromonemedicaltextofthefourthcentury,whichsuggested(use)theextractfromsweetwormwoodtotreatafever.Atfirstherteamtestedacollectionof(dry)wormwoodleavesbutitdidn'twork.Thentheytriedboilingfreshwormwoodhadnoeffect,either.However,shedidn'tacknowledgethedefeatandfinallyfoundadifferentwaytotreatthewormwood.Shedrewouttheextractfromthewormwoodalowertemperatureandfoundasubstancethat(lucky),herteamfinallysucceededin1971andthemedicine,wascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.[2020·全国卷Ⅰ改编]你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括：1．人物简介；2．尊敬和爱戴的原因。注意：1．词数80左右；2．短文题目和首句已为你写好。ArespectableteacherMrLiu,aged58,ismyEnglishteacher.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step1斟酌打磨丰富句式1．精挑细选——核心词汇想周全①________________幽默的②________________负责任的③________________对……有很大影响④________________记住⑤________________意识到2．遣词造句——句式升级是亮点句式翻译：①是刘先生让我认识到学好英语的重要性。MrLiumademeawareoftheimportanceoflearningEnglishwell.(强调句)→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②要不是他的指导和鼓励，我不可能在城市英语演讲比赛中获得一等奖。Withhisguidanceandencouragement,IwonthefirstprizeinthecityEnglishspeechcontest.(虚拟语气)→________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Step2逻辑衔接连句成文ArespectableteacherMrLiu,aged58,ismyEnglishteacher._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________