高考北师大版英语大一轮复习能力提升题组训练Unit24Society

Unit24Society能力提升题组训练(A)Ⅰ.阅读(2019山东菏泽高三一模)InthisPennsylvaniacity,Pittsburghisshrinkingbutgettingwealthier.Since2000,itspopulationhasdeclinedby95,000whileitsinepercapita(人均)hasshotup24percent.Thetrendistakingholdinmanyothercities,likeBuffaloinNewYork,ProvidenceinRhodeIslandandNewOrleans.payingjobshaveagreatereffectbecausetheycreatedemandforadditionalservices.“ThestoryinPittsburghisverypositive,andotherareasarelookingatitasanexampleofthetransformationthatmightbepossible,”saidGuhanVenkatu,whowroteaneconomichistoryoftheareacalled“RustandRenewal”fortheFederalReserveBankofCleveland.CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartpanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh’seducatedyoungpopulationgrowingevenastheentirepopulationinthecityhasdropped.PittsburghhasmoreSTEM(science,technology,engineeringandmath)jobsthanothershrinkingcities,about80,000or7%ofalljobs.STEMjobsaddproductivityandinegrowthtothearea.ManufacturersofhightechmedicalequipmentinthePittsburghareaalsohavedoubledemploymentinthelast10years.However,someexpertsquestionwhethergrowinginepercapitacanreallymakeupforadecliningpopulation.AccordingtoPatrickAdler,aresearcherattheUniversityofToronto,populationlossdoesmatterifitmeanslowerskilledworkershavefledbecauseofalackofopportunity.What’smore,highpayingjobsineducationandhealthcarecandisappearifthepopulationdeclinestoogreatly.Soitwouldbewisetofindwaystoincreasethepopulation.1.InwhataspectdoesPittsburghsetagoodexample?A.Transformingnewenergy. B.Creatingmorewellpaidjobs.C.Prohibitingthemanufacturing. D.Sponsoringhighereducation.2.Howdosomeacademicinstitutionshelpwiththelocaleconomy?A.Byhelpingtoattractmoretalentsfromotherareas.B.Byprovidingmuchtechnicalsupporttolocalpanies.C.Bysuccessfullykeepingeducatedyouthsworkinglocally.D.Byassistinginemployingalargenumberofeducatedyouths.3.WhyisPatrickAdlermentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toshowthedisadvantageofadecliningpopulation. B.Togiveasuggestionaboutincreasingpopulation.C.Toraisedoubtsaboutgrowinginepercapita. D.Totellareasonwhylowerskilledworkersflee.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.HowFastJobGrowthIsRelatedtoPopulationGrowthB.HowLesscrowdedCitiesPlanTheirHightechEconomyC.WhySomeCitiesareLosingPeoplebutGettingWealthierD.WhySomeCitiesareSufferingFromaShrinkingPopulation语篇解读:本文为说明文。在美国有一些城市人口在减少,但经济在发展,这其中是有原因的。文章对此进行了介绍说明。答案及剖析:1.B推理判断题。根据第二段“Someoftheseareashavecreatedmorehighpayingjobsinenergy,healthcareoreducation”和第三、四段可推断,匹兹堡在创造更多的高薪工作方面树立了榜样。故B项正确。2.C细节理解题。根据第三段“CarnegieMellonUniversityandtheUniversityofPittsburghhavehelpedbringtechjobsandinnovation(革新)totheareabysponsoringtechcentersthathelpgraduatesstartpanieswithoutmovingtoSiliconValleyorSanFrancisco.ThishashelpedkeepPittsburgh’seducatedyoungpopulationgrowing...”可知,一些学术机构通过成功地让受教育的年轻人在当地工作来帮助当地的经济。故C项正确。3.A推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可推断,最后一段提到PatrickAdler是为了说明人口减少的弊端。故A项正确。4.C标题判断题。通读全文,尤其是第一段可知,本文主要是在介绍有些城市人口在减少但经济却在发展的原因。故C项正确。Ⅱ.七选五(2019江西上饶高三第二次联考)NewYear’sTraditionsAroundtheWorldTherearemanytraditionsaroundtheworldtocelebratetheNewYear.Here’salookatafewofthem.DriveoffbadluckManycultureshavetraditionsmeanttoscareoffbadluck.Thisofteninvolvesusingfireorloudnoisesintheformoffireworks!InScotland,forexample,peopleholdbonfirecelebrations.Menfromvillageswalkthroughthestreetsswinginggiantburningfireballsovertheirheads.1..

Foodforgoodluck2..InthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates,peopleofteneatblackeyedpeasandporkforgoodluckintheNewYear.InSpain,astheclockstrikesmidnight,peopleeat12grapes,whichrepresentthe12monthsoftheyear.Itguaranteesthattheyearwillbefilledwithgoodluck.

ClothingtraditionsManypeopleliketowearnewclothingtostarttheNewYear.InRomania,thereisatraditionthatinvolvesdressingupinabearcostume.3.,ifthiswon’t!InBrazil,somepeoplewearcolorfulunderwearonNewYear’sEve.Themostpopularcolorsareredandyellow.4..Yellowissupposedtobringyoumoney.

5..

ManyusethestartofNewYearasatimetotrysomethingneworchangesomethingaboutthemselves.TheNewYearisaperfecttimetochangeyourselfforthebetter.ThatiswhymanypeoplehavethetraditionofmakingaNewYear’sresolution.Itisusuallyaboutlivinghealthierorhavingmoresuccessinlife.Thesearejustahandfuloftraditions.TellusaboutaNewYear’straditioninyourculture!A.LearnsomethingnewB.Idon’tknowwhatwillscareoffevilspiritsC.MakeaNewYear’sresolutionD.RedissupposedtobringyouloveE.Foodplaysanimportantroleinpeople’slifeF.AndthesefireballsaresupposedtocleantheingyearG.Manycultureshavecertaindietsthataresaidtobringgoodluck答案:15FGBDCⅢ.完形填空“Fourelevenyearoldboys,Wow!”Standingsleepilyinthestore’sentrance,I1thisstrangesight.MydadhadjustdroppedmeofftoshopforChristmas2butmybrotherandhisfriendshadamorenoblereasonforshopping.

“DoyouthinkCaitlinwilllikethis?”oneoftheboysasked.Andmybrother,lookingrather3,wasstandinginfrontofashelfofsocks.”Okay.Thepinkonewouldbeagoodidea,”I4.Hepickeduponeandpresentedittomeforapproval.

Theyusedupalltheir5someofwhichtheyhadsavedupoverthecourseoftheyearforChristmasgifts.But,theyhadall6tospenditonCaitlin.

JustninedaysbeforeChristmas,Caitlin’shousehadbeenburnedtotheground.By7Caitlinandherparentshadallescaped.8,everythinginthehousewasengulfed(吞噬)inflames,includingtheChristmaspresents9tobewrapped(包装).

Theschoolwas10theirbooksanduniforms,Andallthe11iWhenwegothome,mybrotherbroughteverythinghehad12forCaitlintomyroomtomakesureIthoughtshe’dlikeeverythingonelasttime.

“Ithinkshe’llloveeverything,”Isaid,and13him,eventhoughhetriedtopushmeaway.Iwassoproudofhimatthatmoment.He14allhissavingsforanewskateboard15forafriendwhoneededaChristmaspresentmorethanhedid.Hehad,throughthisactofapureheart,capturedthetruespiritofChristmas.”

11.A.friends B.girls 14.A.lookedup B.turnedup C.gaveup D.madeup语篇解读:本文为记叙文。作者哥哥的同学凯特琳家中失火,烧毁了一切。作者的哥哥及凯特琳的所有同学都积极帮助了凯特琳。他们用纯净的心灵,诠释了真正的圣诞精神。答案及剖析:1.Bexchanged交换;observed观察,注意到;repeated重复;shared分享。根据下文thisstrangesight可知,作者注意到了这个奇怪的景象。故B项正确。2.Cdreams梦想;wishes愿望;gifts礼物;secrets秘密。根据空前MydadhadjustdroppedmeofftoshopforChristmas可知,作者的爸爸刚刚送她来买圣诞礼物。故C项正确。3.Bashamed羞愧的;confused困惑的;scared害怕的;relieved放心的。根据下文“Okay.Thepinkonewouldbeagoodidea,”I4.可知,作者的哥哥在一架子袜子前相当困惑,不知道选哪一个。故B项正确。

4.Dwarmed使……温暖;agreed同意;doubted怀疑;advised建议。作者在给哥哥提建议。故D项正确。5.Cenergy精力;time时间;money钱;patience耐心。根据下文someofwhichtheyhadsavedupoverthecourseoftheyearforChristmasgifts可知,他们花光了所有的钱,其中一些是他们在过去一年里为圣诞礼物积攒下来的。故C项正确。6.Adecided决定;regretted后悔;failed失败;happened碰巧。但是,他们都决定把钱花在凯特琳身上。故A项正确。7.Dnature自然;hand手;mistake错误;chance机会。凯特琳和她的父母碰巧都逃出来了。bychance“偶然;意外地”。故D项正确。8.COtherwise否则;Instead相反;However然而;Therefore所以。然而,房子里的一切都被大火吞没了。故C项正确。9.Awaiting等待;pretending假装;turning转向;proving证明。房子里的一切都被大火吞没了,包括等待包装的圣诞礼物。故A项正确。10.Ddesigning设计;choosing选择;studying学习;replacing更换。学校正在更换他们的课本和校服。故D项正确。11.Bfriends朋友;girls女孩;colleagues同事;parents父母。根据下文whiletheboyswereshoppingforthingslikescarvesandsocks.可知,凯特琳班上所有的女孩都带她去买衣服,而男孩们则去买围巾和袜子。故B项正确。12.Cbowed鞠躬;accepted接受;purchased购买;earned赚取。根据上文whiletheboyswereshoppingforthingslikescarvesandsocks.可知,哥哥把他为凯特琳买的所有东西都带到我的房间。故C项正确。13.Ahugged拥抱;criticized批评;teased取笑;saved挽救。根据下文eventhoughhetriedtopushmeaway可知,作者去拥抱了哥哥。故A项正确。14.Clookedup查阅;turnedup出现;gaveup放弃;madeup弥补。作者的哥哥放弃了所有积蓄买了一个新的滑板。故C项正确。15.Dnervously紧张地;fortunately幸运地;angrily生气地;selflessly无私地。根据上文He14allhissavingsforanewskateboard可知,作者的哥哥为了自己的朋友无私地放弃了自己所有的积蓄。故D项正确。

能力提升题组训练(B)Ⅰ.阅读A(2019湖南三湘名校教育联盟高三联考)Postmenarealltoousedtokeepinganeyeoutforthethreatofdogs.ButinaseasidetowninNorthWales,theyhavebeenforcedtotakecoverfromanunexpectedthreatseagulls.Theyhaveplainedthatthebirdshavebeesoterrifyingthatdeliveriestosomestreetshavebeensuspended.YesterdayresidentsofAbergeleagreedtheseagullswerefearlessbutsaidtheywereangryatlosingtheirdailypost.Roberts,whoworksasasafetyadviser,liveswheretheattackshavetakenplace.“Lastweek,wenoticedwehadn’tgotanymailforwhatwethoughtwasaweek,butit’shardtotellbecauseyoudon’talwaysknowifyou’redueanymail,”shesaid.“WeputsomethingonFacebookaskingifanyoneelsehadnothadtheirpost...OneofmyFacebookfriendssaidapostmanhadrefusedtodeliverbecauseoftheseagulls.”RoyalMailsaidthatdeliverieshadbeeninterruptedbecauseofthepostmanexperiencingattacksbyseagullsashedeliveredmailonhisroundthereoverthepastfewweeks,addingthatthepostmangotpeople’smailthroughwheneveritwassafe.“Weknowthatthesekindsofattacksdohappenatthistimeofyearacrossthecountryastheyarenesting,”shesaid.RoyalMailapologizedtothecustomersaffectedandpromisedtocontinuetomonitorthesituationeveryday,butinthemeantimesomearehavingtotraveltoneighbouringRoyaltocollectmailfromthedeliveryofficethere.Butheremendspreventinggullsnestingonroofsinadvancebyputtingupnets,andifallelsefails,walkingwithanumbrellaupduringworstaffectedareas.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“suspended”mostprobablymean?ed.2.TheresidentsofAbergelearenothappybecause.

A.theseagullsaresoterrifying B.thedogsaresothreateningC.theydon’treceivetheirpostontime D.theseagullsarestealingtheirpost3.WhydidRobertsputsomethingonFacebook?A.Toknowifanyoneelsehadthesameexperience. B.Toofferadvicetodealwiththeseagulls.C.Toavoidbeingattackedbyseagulls. D.Toanswerquestionsaboutsafety.4.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Seagullsliketostealresidents’post. B.Postmen’ssafetyisthreatenedbyseagulls.C.ResidentsofAbergeleareafraidofseagulls. D.Dailypostisdelayedbecauseofseagulls’attack.语篇解读:这是一篇故事类阅读。本文主要讲述了在北威尔士的一个小镇,由于海鸥的袭击,邮递员不得不暂停了邮件的投递。答案及剖析:1.B词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子Theyhaveplainedthatthebirdshavebeesoterrifyingthatdeliveriestosomestreetshavebeensuspended.可知,由于海鸥袭击邮递员,邮件的投递只好暂停,故推知suspend意为“推迟,暂停”。故选B。2.C细节理解题。根据第一段YesterdayresidentsofAbergeleagreedtheseagullswerefearlessbutsaidtheywereangryatlosingtheirdailypost.可知,阿贝尔格莱的居民也承认这里的海鸥是什么都不怕,但是让他们感到很生气的是他们没有及时收到每日的邮件,故选C。3.A细节理解题。根据第二段WeputsomethingonFacebookaskingifanyoneelsehadnothadtheirpost可知因为出现了这种情况,DebbieRoberts才到“脸书”去问其他人是不是也有相同的遭遇,故选A。4.D主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲述了在北威尔士的一个小镇,由于海鸥的袭击,邮递员不得不暂停了邮件的投递,D项概括了文章的大意,故选D。BAllovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatarenotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago,childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietifgrownupsweretalking.Today,wellmanneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave?Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp”(打嗝)afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikedyourfood.Insomecountries,ifyougivealoudburp,youaretoldtosay“Excuseme,please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingatall.Peopleshowgoodmannersbyturningtheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?Thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite,youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyouetohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoftheothertents,youwillbeaskedintoeachone.Peoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneededwaystoshowthattheywantedtobefriends.5.Peopleturntheirbacksonotherswhiletheyeatin.

A.somepartsofPolynesia B.anEastAfricantown6.InanEastAfricantown,thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Thisisbecause.

A.theyarebusydoingthings B.theydon’twanttotalkwithyouC.itisgoodmanners D.theyarewaitingforyoutotalkwiththem7.Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe.

A.Differentkindsofmanners B.WhataregoodmannersC.Children’smannersaredifferent D.WhenyouareinRome,doastheRomansdo语篇解读:本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。答案及剖析:5.A细节理解题。根据第四段我们知道在波利尼西亚群岛,人们进餐时习惯背对着别人,因为他们认为,吃东西时让别人看见是不礼貌的。可知选项A正确。6.C细节理解题。根据第五段WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown?Thepeopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.可知这是礼貌的表现。故答案选C。7.A标题归纳题。通读全文可知本文介绍了各地的不同风俗礼节。故选项A正确。Ⅱ.语法填空(2019山东烟台高三一模)Litteriseverywhere,doinggreatharm1.theenvironmentandlifeonourplanet.JeffKirschner,whowantstobuildalitterfreeworld,startedaglobalmunitynamedLitterati2.(settle)thisproblem.

Thestorybeganwithhis6yearolddaughter.Onedaytheyweregoingonahikewhenthegirlnoticeda3.(break)plastictub(浴盆)inariver.Shesaid,“Daddy,thatdoesn’tgothere.”ThattookKirschnerbysurprise.He,likemanyadults,hadbeesousedtotherubbisharoundthemthathehadn’tgivenitasecondlook.4.hisdaughtersaidremindedhimoftheseriousproblemourplanetfaces.

Jeffstartedtotake5.(act).HecreatedLitterati,anappthatmakesitfuntopickuplitter.Theideais6.(fair)simple:Spotapieceoftrash,takeaphoto,postthephotoonlineandthenputthelitterintodustbins.

7.(see)thatJeffwaskeepingarecordofthepositiveimpacthewashavingontheplanet,peopleworldwidestartedparticipating.Uptonow,over2,500,000photospostedby3,500peoplefromover40countries8.(find)theirwaytoLitterati’sdigitallandfill.

Litteratiismorethananapp.Itisahighly9.(effect)solutiontoapressingissue.Whereveryou