英语名师讲练大一轮复习外研版通用核心素养测评三十五选修6Module5Cloning

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评三十五选修6Module5Cloning(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AInthe1950s,CentralAmericanmercialbananagrowerswerefacingthedeathoftheirmosteconomicalproduct,theGrosMichelbanana.Nowit’shappeningagaintoitssuccessor—theCavendish.Withitseasilytransported,thickskinnedandsweettastingfruit,theGrosMichelbananaplantdominatedtheplantationsofCentralAmerica.UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime,massproduceditsbananasinthemostefficientwaypossible:itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.Unfortunately,theseconditionsarealsoperfectforthespreadofthefungus(真菌),whichattackstheplant’srootsandpreventsitfromtransportingwatertothestemandleaves.TheTR1strainofthefunguswasresistanttocropspraysandtravelledaroundonbootsorthetyresoftrucks,slowlyinfectingplantationsacrosstheregion.Inanattempttoescapethefungus,farmersabandonedinfectedfields,floodedthemandthenreplantedcropssomewhereelse,oftencuttingdownrainforesttodoso.Theireffortsfailed.Sotheysearchedforavarietyofbananasthatthefungusdidn’taffect.TheyfoundtheCavendish,whichwasn’taswellsuitedtoshippingastheGrosMichel,butitsbananastastedgoodenoughtokeepconsumershappy.Mostimportantly,TR1didn’tseemtoaffectit.Inafewyears,UnitedFruithadsaveditselffrombankruptcybyfillingitsplantationswiththousandsofthenewplants.However,theCavendishbananaitselfisfarfromsafe.In2015,theexportsofCavendishbananashaddroppedby46percentthankstoabinationofanotherstrainofthefungus,TR4,andbadweather.Racingagainsttheinevitable,scientistsareworkingonsolvingtheproblembygeneticallymodifyingtheCavendishwithgenesfromTR4resistantbananaspecies.Researchershavesuccessfullygrowntwokindsofmodifiedplantswhichhaveremainedresistantforthreeyearssofar.ButsomeexpertsthinkthisisjustaplicatedversionofthesametemporarysolutiontheoriginalCavendishprovided.Ifthenewbananasareplantedinthesamemonoculture(单种栽培)astheCavendishandtheGrosMichel,theriskisthatanotherstrainofthediseasemayriseuptothreatenthemodifiedplantstoo.【文章大意】本文主要讲了香蕉种植者不断提高香蕉抵御病毒的能力,然后作者提到了转基因香蕉。1.Massproducedbananasare.

A.grownfromseedsbecauseit’sefficientB.clonedbecauseit’sfastandcheaptogrowthemC.sweeterthanotherbananasD.exportedtoCentralAmerica【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime...itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.可知该大规模生产的香蕉是农民克隆而成的。所以选B。2.ThespreadoftheTR1strainwas.

A.causedbylackofwaterB.spedupbythefloodingofbananafieldsC.sloweddownbycropsprayingD.helpedbythemovementofpeopleandvehicles【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第三段的...andtravelledaroundonbootsorthetyresoftrucks,slowlyinfectingplantationsacrosstheregion.可知这种病毒可以通过待在卡车的行李箱或轮胎上进行传播。所以选D。3.Geneticallymodifiedbananasmay.

A.meanfarmerscangrowtheGrosMichelagainB.causefarmerstorepeatthemistakesofthepastC.encouragefarmerstotrynewgrowingmethodsD.onlybeashorttermsolution【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段的...isjustaplicatedversionofthesametemporarysolutiontheoriginalCavendishprovided.可知,这仅仅是一个临时的解决方案。4.Howwouldyoudescribethewriter’sopinionaboutthefutureoftheCavendish?A.Optimistic. B.Pessimistic.C.Cautious. D.Uninterested.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段的Ifthenewbananasareplantedinthesamemonoculture...theriskisthatanotherstrainofthediseasemayriseuptothreatenthemodifiedplantstoo.可知,作者对theCavendish的未来还是有点担忧,希望能谨慎行事。故作者对香蕉转基因的态度是小心谨慎的,所以选C。【知识拓展】长难句分析UnitedFruit,themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime,massproduceditsbananasinthemostefficientwaypossible:itclonedshootsfromthestemsofplantsinsteadofgrowingplantsfromseeds,andcultivatedthemindenselypackedfields.分析:句子主语是UnitedFruit。themaingrowerandexporterinSouthAmericaatthetime是UnitedFruit的同位语。谓语是massproduced。宾语是itsbananas。inthemostefficientwaypossible作状语。冒号后面对way作了具体的解释说明。翻译:UnitedFruit,那时南美主要的种植者和出口者,以最有效的方法大规模生产香蕉:它从植物的茎上克隆幼苗,而不是用种子育苗,然后在密集的田地里种植它们。BAresomepeoplebornclever,andothersbornstupid?Orisintelligencedevelopedbyourenvironmentandourexperience?Strangelyenough,theanswertothesequestionsisyes.Tosomedegreeourintelligenceisgiventousatbirth,andnoamountofeducationcanmakeageniusoutofachildbornwithlowintelligence.Ontheotherhand,achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.Thisview,nowheldbymostexperts,canbesupportedinanumberofways.Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.Thecloserthebloodrelationshipbetweentwopeople,theclosertheyarelikelytobeintelligent.Thusifwetaketwounrelatedpeopleatrandomfrompopulation,itislikelythattheirdegreeofintelligencewillbepletelydifferent.If,ontheotherhand,wetaketwoidenticaltwins,theywillverylikelybeasintelligentaseachother.Relationslikebrothersandsisters,parentsandchildren,usuallyhavesimilarintelligence,andthisclearlysuggeststhatintelligencedependsonbirth.Imaginenowthatwetaketwoidenticaltwinsandputthemindifferentenvironments.Wemightsendone,forexample,toauniversityandtheothertoafactorywheretheworkisboring.Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.Thisconclusionisalsosuggestedbythefactthatpeoplewholiveinclosecontactwitheachother,butwhoarenotrelatedatallarelikelytohavesimilardegreeofintelligence.【文章大意】本文主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。5.Thewriterisinfavoroftheviewthataman’sintelligenceisgiventohim.

A.atbirthB.througheducationC.bothatbirthandthrougheducationD.throughenvironmentofhisfamily【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligence...willdependonhisenvironment.”可知,一个人的智力在出生时就固定了,但能否达到极限,要视后天的环境而定。以及第二段的描述Itiseasytoshowthatintelligenceistosomedegreesomethingwearebornwith.可知作者赞同的观点是,人的智力受到出生和教育的影响。故选C。6.Ifachildisbornwithhighintelligence,hecan.

A.surelybeeageniusB.stillbeeageniusifheisn’tgivengoodeducationC.reachhisintelligencelimitsthroughhisowneffortsD.probablyreachhisintelligencelimitsinrichandvariedsurroundings【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第一段的内容“Thusthelimitsofperson’sintelligencearefixedatbirth,butwhetherornothereachesthoselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.”可知,一个人的智力在出生时就固定了,但能否达到极限,要视后天的环境而定。以及上句achildwholivesinaboringenvironmentwilldevelophisintelligencelessthanonewholivesinrichandvariedsurroundings.生活在无聊环境中的孩子没有生活在富足多变环境中的孩子智力发展得快。可知一个出生时高智商的孩子,可能在富有的环境中达到他的智力极限。故选D。7.Theexampleofthetwinsgoingtoauniversityandtoafactoryseparatelyshows.

A.theimportanceoftheirintelligenceB.theroleofenvironmentonintelligenceC.theimportanceoftheirpositionsD.thepartthatbirthplays【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段的Wewouldsoonfinddifferencesinintelligencedeveloping,andthisindicatesthatenvironmentaswellasbirthplaysapart.我们很快能发现他们智力发展的区别,这就暗示了环境和出生一样对智力有影响。故选B。8.Thebesttitleofthepassagecanbe.

A.OnIntelligenceB.OnGeniusC.DependenceonEnvironmentD.EffectofEducationonIntelligence【解析】选A。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述的是遗传和环境都对智力起着重要的作用。故标题用OnIntelligence合适,故选A。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.intelligence n.智力2.strangelyenough 奇怪的是3.tosomedegree 在某种程度上4.genius 天才5.atrandom 随机,任意Ⅱ.完形填空导学号Therewasalmostnoreasonformetosingonmy51stbirthday.Beingrecent“emptynesters”,myhusbandandIweredoingourbestto1tothetooquiethouse.ThiswasadaywhenI2alltogathertogether.Theplan,formy3day,wastomeetourdaughters,JaimeandKatieatafancy4.

Ouryoungest,Katiecalledtosayshemightnotbeableto5thecelebrationdinner.Shehadheavy6earlierthatdayand,withthelongrideahead,shethoughtit7tostayatherownhouseandhaveagoodsleep.

Afterall,thiswasmybaby.Howcouldshemovesofarawayfrommeinthefirstplace?ButtherealityIhadto8wasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedto9meeveryday.Itmademe10myabilitiesasamother.IfelttearsfallingasI11whatshehadjustsaidtome.Maybeshefeltthe12inmyvoicebecause,onsecond13,shechangedhermind.“But”,shewarned,“Ididn’thavetimeto14youagift.”

WearrivedwithKatiealreadywaitingforusto15.Afterdinnerinit,Katiehandedmeashoppingbag.AsIopenedit,the16warmthfilledmyheartagain:amommysittinginarockingchair,holdinga17inherarms.Theallexplanationsread:18neverleavesamother’sarms.

Igotthemessageloudand19,mydaughterstilllovesmethoughshelivesfarawayfromme,and20muchlessthanI’dlike.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。作者51岁生日的时候,打给女儿,希望她们回来团聚,但小女儿凯蒂推脱再三后答应了作者的邀请。饭后,女儿送给作者一份礼物,因此作者感受到了女儿也是深深爱自己的。1.A.submit B.adjust C.react D.contribute【解析】选B。根据前文“Beingrecent‘emptynesters’”的描述可知作者最近成为空巢老人,所以需要调整以适应太过于安静的家。submitto提交,顺从;adjustto调整以适应;reactto对……作出反应;contributeto有助于,导致。2.A.attracted B.assistedC.expected D.attached【解析】选C。此处意为这是我期望全家人在一起的一天。attract吸引;assist帮助;expect期望;attach系,捆,依恋。3.A.special B.painful C.exact D.cautious【解析】选A。根据前文可知,今天是作者的生日,作者希望全家人能够在一起,所以对作者来说今天是特殊的日子。special特别的;painful痛苦的;exact确切的;cautious谨慎的。4.A.market B.shopC.hotel D.restaurant【解析】选D。根据前文修饰词“fancy”及后文“...thecelebrationdinner”的提示,并结合文化常识可知,此处杰米和凯蒂在一家高级餐厅。market市场;shop商店;hotel旅馆;restaurant餐馆。

5.A.miss B.hold C.prepare D.attend【解析】选D。句意:我们最小的女儿凯蒂打来说她可能不能参加庆生宴了。miss思念,错过;hold抓住;prepare准备;attend参加,照顾。6.A.weight B.traffic C.work D.rain【解析】选C。根据后文“withthelongrideahead,shethoughtitto...”可知,那天早些时候工作繁重,而且回家还需要很长的路。weight重量;traffic交通;work工作;rain雨。

7.A.simpler B.better C.wore D.easier【解析】选B。根据前文“Shehadheavyearlierthatdayand,withthelongrideahead...”的描述可知,此处她认为最好还是回自己家休息吧。simpler更简单的;better更好的;worse更糟的;easier更容易的。

8.A.deny B.stress C.face D.burden【解析】选C。句意:但我不得不面对的现实是,她觉得没有必要每天给我打。deny否认;stress强调;face面对;burden负担。9.A.understand B.teachC.visit D.phone【解析】选D。根据前文“Ouryoungest,Katiecalledtosayshemightnotbeabletothecelebrationdinner”可知,此处为原词复现,我不得不面对的现实是她觉得没有必要每天给我打。understand理解;teach教;visit参观,拜访;phone打。

10.A.possess B.doubtC.acknowledge D.improve【解析】选B。根据前文“ButtherealityIhadtowasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedtomeeveryday”的描述可知,此处使我怀疑自己作为母亲的能力。possess拥有;doubt怀疑;acknowledge承认;improve提高。

11.A.analyzed B.tastedC.repeated D.memorized【解析】选C。根据后文的描述可知,此处当我重复她刚才对我说的话时,我感到眼泪夺眶而出。analyze分析;taste品尝;repeat重复;memorize记住。12.A.embarrassment B.confusionC.disappointment D.excitement【解析】选C。根据后文“onsecond,shechangedhermind”的描述可知,女儿在思考之后改变自己的想法是因为母亲对自己的话感到失望。embarrassment尴尬;confusion困惑;disappointment失望;excitement兴奋。

13.A.thought B.assessmentC.grade D.sigh【解析】选A。根据后文“shechangedhermind”的描述可知,此处thought与mind对应,即再次思考后。thought思考,想法;assessment评价;grade分数,成绩,年级;sigh叹气。14.A.award B.spare C.buy D.show【解析】选C。根据后文“Afterdinnerinit,Katiehandedmeashoppingbag.AsIopenedit...”的提示可知,此处女儿说没时间为我购买礼物。award颁奖;spare匀出,抽出;buy买;show展示。15.A.stayon B.showupC.setoff D.turnaway【解析】选B。句意:我们到达餐厅时,凯蒂已经在等我们出现了。stayon继续留下;showup出现;setoff出发,引爆;turnaway转身离开。16.A.perfect B.contradictoryC.dynamic D.previous【解析】选D。根据后文“amommysittinginarockingchair,holdingainherarms”的描述可知,以前的温暖时光再次充盈着作者的心。perfect完美的;contradictory冲突的;dynamic充满活力的;previous以前的。

17.A.pet B.baby C.toy D.book【解析】选B。根据前文“Afterall,thiswasmybaby”的提示可知,一个妈妈坐在摇椅里,怀里抱着一个婴儿。18.A.love B.mercyC.fort D.pity【解析】选A。家永远是心之所在,无论我们的孩子去哪里,爱永远不会离开母亲的怀抱。love爱;mercy怜悯,仁慈;fort舒适;pity遗憾。19.A.absolute B.entireC.quick D.clear【解析】选D。根据前文“Igotthemessageloud”中“loud”的提示可知,此处用clear“清楚的”前后相对应,且loudandclear属于习惯用语,意为“一清二楚”。20.A.calls B.pensatesC.emails D.cares【解析】选A。根据前文“ButtherealityIhadtowasthatshedidn’tfeeltheneedtomeeveryday”的提示可知,打的次数比我想的要少。call打;pensate补偿,弥补;email发电子邮件;care关心,在乎。

【知识拓展】佳词积累1.doone’sbest 尽力2.fancy adj.奇特的,美好的3.celebration n.庆祝4.afterall 毕竟5.warmth n.温暖Ⅲ.语法填空OneofthegreatestconcertsIeverattendednevertookplaceatall.Notquite,anyway.Instead,aviolentthunderstorm,1.cameprettymuchoutofnowhereonasummernight,lefttheSaratogaPerformingArtsCenterwithoutelectricalpower.The2.(expect)stormhitjustminutesbeforethePhiladelphiaOrchestra(交响乐团)wasabouttotakethestagealongwithaguestsoloist,the3.(vio