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DateChapterLecturerMar.3Chapter1-2FoundationsofBiochemistry,waterDr.ChangMar.10
Chapter3.Aminoacids,peptidesandproteinsDr.SuMar.18*
Chapter3Aminoacids,peptidesandproteinsDr.SuMar.24*
Chapter4Thethree-dimensionalstructuresofproteinDr.Su
Mar.31Chapter4Thethree-dimensionalstructuresofproteinDr.SuApr.7
Chapter5ProteinFunctionDr.ChangApr.14Chapter5ProteinFunctionDr.ChangApr.21Chapter6EnzymesDr.ChangApr.28Chapter6EnzymesChapter8Nucleotidesandnucleicacids
Dr.ChangMay12Dr.KongMay19Chapter9DNA-basedinformationtechnoloogiesDr.KongMay26Chapter7CarbohydratesandGlycobiologyDr.QinJune2Chapter10LipidDr.QinJun.9Chapter11BiologicalmembranesandtansportDr.QinJun.16Chapter12Biosignaling
Dr.QinTeachingarrangementsforBiochemistryI2007(Drs.
ZengyiChang,
XiaodongSu,DaochunKong,
YongmeiQin)
Saturdays,8:00-11:00AM;电教112
Chapter3pp75-115AminoAcids,PeptidesandProteins
氨基酸、肽及蛋白质Nelson,D.L.,andCox,M.M.(2005)LehningerPrinciplesofBiochemistry,4thedition.
Biochemistry
askshowtheremarkablepropertiesoflivingorganismsarisefromthethousandsofdifferentlifelessbiomolecules.Whenthesemoleculesareisolatedandexaminedindividually,theyconformtoallthephysicalandchemicallaws
thatdescribethebehaviorofinanimatematter—asdoalltheprocessesoccurringinlivingorganisms.
Thestudyofbiochemistryshowshowthecollectionsofinanimatemoleculesthatconstitutelivingorganismsinteracttomaintainandperpetuatelifeanimatedsolelybythephysicalandchemicallawsthatgovernthenonlivinguniverse.PrinciplesofBioenergetics/BiochemistryThetotalenergyoftheuniverseisconstant(能量守恒定律);Thetotalentropy(熵)iscontinuallyincreasing(熵增加原理).—RudolfClausius,TheMechanicalTheoryofHeatwithItsApplicationstotheSteam-EngineandtothePhysicalPropertiesofBodies,1865(trans.1867)ATPFromPetrasP.DzejaandAndreTerzic
TheJournalofExperimentalBiology
206,
2039-2047(2003)DG=DH-TDSErwinSchrödinger
(1887–1961)TheNobelPrizeinPhysics1933"forthediscoveryofnewProductiveformsofatomictheory"
Whatisprotein?Componentsoforganisms:Enzymes(metabolism)Transport(O2,membrane…)Movements(muscles)Antibodies(immunity)Brain……Protections(horns,skins…)JönsJACOB
Berzelius(1779-1848)
He’saSwedishchemist,astudentofDalton.Hedevelopedtheconceptsoftheionandioniccompounds.Heintroducedtheclassicalsystemofchemicalsymbolsin1811,anddiscoveredanumberof
elements.
Berzeliuscoined(命名了)thewordsisomerism,allotropy,and
protein.
WheredoesthenamePROTEINcomefrom?YearInterweavingofthehistoricaltraditionsofbiochemistry,cellbiology,andgenetics.
Proteinswerethoughttocarrygeneticinformation182818971944MiescherdiscoveredDNATheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1953"forhisdiscoveryofthecitricacidcycle"HansAdolfKrebs(1900-1981)SheffieldUniversity,Sheffield,UnitedKingdomTheresearchIhavebeendoing-studyinghowfoodstuffsyieldenergyinlivingcells-doesnotleadtothekindofknowledgethatcanbeexpectedtogiveimmediatepracticalbenefitstomankind.Ihavechosenthisfieldofstudy,itwasbecauseIbelievedinitsimportanceinspiteofitstheoreticalcharacter.MyreasonforthisbeliefwasthatalllivingthingsmustbecontinuouslyfedwithenergyandIamconvincedthatanunderstandingoftheprocessofenergyproductionwilleventuallyhelpusinsolvingsomeofthepracticalproblemsofmedicine.
–NobelBanquetSpeech,Dec.1953TheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine1962"fortheirdiscoveriesconcerningthemolecularstructureofnucleicacidsanditssignificancefor
information
transferinlivingmaterial"FrancisH.C.
Crick
MauriceH.F.Wilkins
JamesD.Watson
Thecentraldogma中心法则FlowofinformationingeneexpressionEverydayhomeworkforbiologists–Evolution!Currentphylogenytreeoflife(byCarlWoese)Metabolism新成代谢合成代谢分解代谢MetabolismPathwaysorNetworksAminoAcidsProteinscanbereducedtotheirconstituentaminoacidsbyavarietyofmethods.CommonStructuralFeaturesacarboxylgroup(羧基)anaminogroup(氨基)sidechains,orRgroupsWhentheRgroupcontainsadditionalcarbonsinachain,theyaredesignatedβ,γ,δ,ε,etc.,proceedingoutfromtheacarbon.Renantiomersorstereoisomers(立体异构)
D,LsystemTheclassifiesofstandardaminoacidsbasedonRgroupFivemainclassesofaminoacids:nonpolarandaliphaticaromatic(generallynonpolar)polarbutunchargednegativelychargedpositivelycharged3.1.3Nonstandardaminoacids4-羟(基)脯氨酸5-羟(基)赖氨酸硒代半胱氨酸链霉素6-N-甲基赖氨酸γ
-羟基谷氨酸鸟氨酸瓜氨酸About300kindsofa.a.notoccurringinproteinsSelenocysteine-the21staminoacidSeCaCbHHHSecTheoccurrenceofSelenocysteine(Sec)wasfirstdemonstratedforproteinAofglycinereductase
Coneetal.1976Secisusedintheactivesiteofsomeredoxenzymes:formatedehydrogenase
glutathioneperoxidaseiodothyronine5'-deiodinaseTheonlygeneticallycodednon-standardaminoacid硒代半胱氨酸Prokaryotic
selenocysteine
incorporation4genesareessential:SelA
selenocysteine synthaseSelB
elongationfactor SelBSelC
tRNASecSelD
seleno- phosphate synthaseSelCO-C-C-CH2-OHINH2H
l
SeryltRNAsynthe
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