2023高考英语真题阅读精读Mark

2023高考英语真题阅读精读MarkMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:theman

whopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartofthe

literature

intheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’s

UncleTom’s

Cabin

isonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystories

dealtdirectlywithslavery.

Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryand

prejudice

intotales

that

wereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.

Considerthemost

controversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,

AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.Onlyafewbookshavebeen

kickedoff

theshelvesasoftenas

HuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthose

whobanned

thebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyforthe

slums

(贫民窟).”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim,theescapedslave,andmany

occurences

ofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim,

forwhich

thenovelisoften

severelycriticized,neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti-slavery.

Jim’ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamily

fromwhom

hehasbeen

forcibly

partedisheroic.AsJ.Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—a

recognition

thattheslavehadtwo

personalities,“thevoiceof

survival

withinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual:Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.Twain’smysterynovel

Pudd’nhead

Wilson

stoodasachallengetothe

racialbeliefs

ofevenmanyofthe

liberals

ofhisday.Writtenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheld

Negroes

tobe

inferior

(低等的)towhites,especiallyin

intelligence,Twain’stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitched

atbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster’sbabyand,

forfearthat

thechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster’sbabybyhiswife.Theslave’slightskinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave-holdingclass.Themaster’swife’sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesand

intonations

oftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss:

nurture

(养育),notnature,wasthekey

tosocialstatus.

Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthe

stuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech,forexample—were,toTwain,

indicative

ofnothingotherthanthe

conditioning

thatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain’s

racialtone

wasnotperfect.Oneisleft

uneasy,forexample,bythe

lengthy

passageinhis

autobiography

(自传)abouthowmuchheloved

what

werecalled

“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack-face—andhis

delightin

gettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.His

frequentattacks

on

slaveryandprejudice

suggesthis

keenawareness

that

they

didnot.WasTwainaracist?Askingthequestioninthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent,wewillfindnothing

buterror.Lincoln,whobelievedtheblackmanthe

inferiorof

thewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.

AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier,andinventorofJim,mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.65.HowdoTwain’snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe’s?A.Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.B.Twain’sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C.Twain’sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.D.Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.66.Recentcriticismof

AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn

arosepartlyfromits______.A.targetreadersatthebottomB.anti-slaveryattitudeC.ratherimpolitelanguageD.frequentuseof“nigger”67.WhatbestprovesTwain’santi-slaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?A.Jim’ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail.B.Theslave’svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.C.Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture.D.Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.68.Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat______.A.slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersB.slaves’babiescouldpickupslave-holders’wayofspeakingC.blacks’socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupD.blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice69.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A.Theattacks.B.Slaveryandprejudice.C.Whitemen.D.Theshows.70.Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?A.Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism.B.TwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbrahamLincoln.C.Twain’sworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds.D.Twain’sworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointofview.BDCCDAPeopleselectnewsinexpectationofareward.Thisrewardmaybeeitheroftwokinds.OneisrelatedtowhatFreudcallsthePleasurePrinciple,theothertowhathecallstheRealityPrinciple.Forwantofbetternames,weshallcallthesetwoclassesimmediaterewardanddelayedreward.Ingeneral,thekindofnewswhichmaybeexpectedtogiveimmediaterewardarenewsofcrimeandcorruption,accidentsanddisasters,sports,socialevents,andhumaninterest.Delayedrewardmaybeexpectedfromnewsofpublicaffairs,economicmatters,socialproblems,science,education,andhealth.Newsofthefirstkindpaysitsrewardsatonce.Areadercanenjoyanindirectexperiencewithoutanyofthedangersorstressesinvolved.Hecantremblewildlyatanaxe-murder,shakehisheadsympatheticallyandsafelyatahurricane,identifyhimselfwiththewinningteam,laughunderstandinglyatawarmlittlestoryofchildrenordogs.Newsofthesecondkind,however,paysitsrewardslater.Itsometimesrequiresthereadertotolerateunpleasantnessorannoyance—as,forexample,whenhereadsofthethreateningforeignsituation,themountingnationaldebt,risingtaxes,fallingmarket,scarcehousing,andcancer.Ithasakindof“threatvalue.”Itisreadsothatthereadermaybeinformedandprepared.Whenareaderselectsdelayedrewardnews,hepullshimselfintotheworldofsurroundingrealitytowhichhecanadapthimselfonlybyhardwork.Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind,heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Foranyindividual,ofcourse,theboundariesofthesetwoclassesare