农业产业化外文翻译文献

论文外文翻译论文外文翻译PAGEPAGE10农业产业化外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)MarkR.EdwardsandClifford.J.Shultz摘要农业产业化就是农业以市场需求为导向，有效的满足客户以及市场要求的一系列的链条。这种变革需要一个更广泛的概念化和更准确的定义，传达一个致力于创造价值和可持续利用食物，纤维，可再生资源的更有活力，系统性，综合性和纪律性的系统。我们讨论的力量，推动这一转移到市场，提供了新的和更具有代表性农业产业化的定义，提供模型以说明一些最引人注目的趋势，并阐明这些模型关键因素和影响。关键词 ：农业产业化的定义，概念模型，市场为中心，市场体系绪论农业产业化在1955农业产业化是以农场生产为中心，然后商品化。这个定义当时是最适当的，那是农业行动的重点是最大限度地生产食物和纤维。戴维斯和高德博格用新鲜的见解，将农业产业化定义为:制造和分销农场用品：在该农场生产经营、储存、加工、分销所有的农产品的商品和物品所涉及的所有业务的总和。类似的定义也有其他的人提出，如唐尼和埃里克森：农业产业化，包括所有这些业务和管理活动由公司提供投入到农业部门，生产农产品，运输，金融，处理农产品的全部过程。如农业交易中心已数十年之久。今天，一个就业散点图显示，虽然超过百分之三十的就业机会农业产业化提供的，少于百分之一的人直接参与农场生产。农业产业化已不再是以农场为中心。二十一世纪农业产业化包含了更广泛的一系列行动，主要是外围行动，包括以市场为导向的可持续利用食物，纤维，和可再生资源。农业产业化的发展货车司机的分界线几个因素推动了农业产业化的界限的划分，从主要农产品为本，努力生产更多的顾客和市场为中心的商品。今天，成功的农业企业通常是更集中于：系统性的价值链和每家公司的或企业的定位，贡献这些链;多方利益相关者的日益弥漫性和复杂的农业产业化价值链;自然稀少的资源和他们的审慎管理;新的技术和适当的专利申请;全球化，包括所产生无数的机会和的威胁;可持续差别优势，或更确切地说，来源和营养例如：品牌和品牌资产在竞争日益激烈和活跃的农业产业化世界大市场。我们在这里研究的基本力量，引用从农场到市场的转变，并提供更新农业产业化的定义。此外，我们提出的模型来抓住这个转变的本质。改变该二十世纪大部分时间里农业的中心是家庭农场和所有相关的立即投入的生产资然后销售商品，如牛奶、粮食、蔬菜或水果。在相比之下，二十一世纪的经验即将股份持有人的焦点，多和综合投入，尤其是在任务生产，加工，分销和营销传播纳入一个动态的系统。新时代要求加快产品创新，利而时刻保持对环境的影响的敏感性，已成为农业企业管理主要关注的问题。趋势表明，主导二十一世纪的农业企业往往被定性为：更大。许多农场和公司已横向加入相当巨大，更大的面积，更多同类产品的组织，以实现多元化的规模经济。往往是集团演变、收购，而不是内部成长一个投资组合的公司，其中可能包括食物、纤维、化学品、药品、甚至能源生产。复杂：要求会计，财务报告，以及市场营销关系增加的农业企业复杂性。战略：长期考虑到稀缺资源的土壤，空气、水、电力、木材、石油、矿产、鱼类以及有多少变数等可以影响他们的因素，许多推动企业管理自然资源，如何获得并使用资源已取得可持续性竞争优势。政治：政治压力体现在安全、质量、生态环鼓励企业多样性：如谷物、奶类制品、肉类、加工食品和纤维药品出口世界各地。重新划分农业产业化的界线这些变化创造了新的挑战和机会，也带来了威胁，当然不同的视角和利益不同，结论也不同。在短期内，农业产业化的界限将重新划分，特别是来自不同人的观念和机构的讨论以及其它的因素。罗纳德科斯解释个人或公司承担的私人成本（本身）和外部成本（社会）。这些费用的总和包括任何行动的社会成本。科斯，还有后来威廉姆森，都显示增加的用于创造的产品和服务交易成本将如何推动企业的创新和变化。交易成本包括界定和测量资源或索赔，使用费和强制执行的费用，及所收取的信息、谈判和执行费用（威廉姆森）。随着资源日益稀缺，无论是社会和交易成本上升，都迫使他们组织行为方式的转变。因此，农业产业化的边际收益正日益超越传统的界限。农业产业化竞争策略与商机低成本，反季，和新的竞争领域许多发展经济体的农业企业能够在竞争中脱颖而出主要依赖在价格上有更低的成本。水果和蔬菜生产商正在经历重大的新的市场准入制，从赤道以南到北美的国家有着大豆和其他植物为基础的肉类替代品，同样是进入食品市场。新的化肥、农药、结构复合材料有可能取代现有的生产资料，尤其是当他们可以产生更快、更便宜、使用比传统的产品更少的自然资源的时候。科学创新以及新技术，新方法遗传学、营养、生产、健康和活力所有的学科都是农业产业化的科学结合。其他问新技术、新方法、如套袋生菜、盒装牛肉、冰点的冷冻海鲜，可以预先准备的肉类都源于科学创新并且改变着农业。同样地，水栽法、木材农场、转基因生物体以及其他新的生产方式正挑战着传统的农业生产。粮食生产和安全粮食生产越来越是一个以科学为基础的业务，往往被大的跨国公司所控制。这些庞大的农业产业化企业的竞争获得植物，动物种群遗传的秘密控制他们的发现和通过收购的专利。此外，农业必须加倍努力，以解决关注供应安全和食品安全。健康健康问题往往主宰许多传统的农业产业化战略。也有过创造无脂肪油脂、杂交种子和遗传改造整合的适当剂量的医疗测试消息。农药残留、食品污染、水的纯度等问题正日益受到公众的关注。新食品，在何种程度上如何保持健康，最终将决定它们在竞争激烈的市场是否获得成功。企业的变革和经营扩展传统分销和零售品牌、营销传播方面主动变革。在发展中国家和转型经济体，作为农民的他们是从根本上改变传统农业，现在从事合同生产与策略更加协调和有效率的分销。网络市场的结果是一些传统市场的消失，但提高了效率，提供了高质量和安全的选择。规模较小的，合适的零售商，也会受这些变数影响，但实质上显然并非如此。精品店的卖家经常瞄准时尚的消费者，因此，常常预测市场的趋势。亚马逊网站作出了产业定位：由消费者阅读政府监管和金融服务尽管政府偏离干预，但在许多方面，各国政府仍然对农业产业有很大的影响力并且能扩大立法边界，提倡企业和消费者，并在很大程度上刺激商业用地扩大，使农业产业化管理，拉长它的价值链，以造福链条上的大多数利益相关者。许多农业企业已经发展成主要服务和产品供应商。对生产者、加工者、运输、付货人、杂货店、餐馆、保险公司、证券公司和银行都有巨大的影响，在何种程度上的食品和纤维的找到自己的方式，以市场和消耗。公司明白消费者会被微妙线索高度的影响。因此，典型的反馈表明：相对于食品的质量，消费者往往要求更好的相关服务和服务环境。没有风险保障和融资，挑战固有的比如适应能力和消费者的安全等有密切关系的独特商业模式时，大部分农业企业都将无法生存。电子传媒和互联网介也扩大了农业的接触面。任何大小的农业业务都可以在最世界偏远地区的与客户沟员沟通，从而使通过遥远的距离出售农产品变为可能，这是以前从未想象的。一个首要的主题：开拓新市场，理念，产品和日益增长的相互联系是推动农业产业化的边界在以前所未有的设想。国际贸易，金融和管理，适用于最新的信息技术，科学发现，和营销工具最大限度地增加产品和服务链的价值。不断成长的医药、纤维、农产品等新产品概念很快将会从转基因植物提取；新品种水稻将包括维生素和其它可能的养分;一些昂贵的中成药将成为可被价格低廉的从奶牛或其他哺乳动物体内提取的物质取代。相关启示表明，许多新药物会在热带雨林和海洋发现，主要是尚未开发的和有前途的水库里的对人类健康有好处的自然植物和动物将被开发。娱乐和旅游业许多传统性质的农业场地正演变成娱乐、学习、生态、旅游的地方。即使一些家庭农场，也将他们生产小麦和玉米的地方变成了高尔夫球场，鸟类的庇护所甚至风车地。附近的大多数城市附近的农场正吸引学生探索南瓜、奶牛、宠物ft羊、桃子等领域。同样现在许多森林的管理方式，使造林、木材生产、生物多样性保护、生态学习和娱乐并存。以市场为中心的农业产业化旧的的挑战、人们的观念、机构的运作、共同努力、扩大和转移的规律使农业的重点从以传统农业为本转向以客户为本。市场为中心的农业产业化遵循如下：从药品的名称可以看出农业产业化发展缓慢。不幸的是，并不是所有的农业综合企业青睐绿色的做法或努力提高资源的可持续性，当然可以说一个农业公司是有利可图的，但是，未能树立系统的做法，整合自然资源管理的失败暗示这是农业产业化企业一个灾难性的威胁。因此自然资源包括，管理和非管理股票的鱼类和森林以及可再生能源，如水电、燃料电池、太阳能、海浪、潮汐、风力都是和农业产业化密切相关的核心。总结有限的自然资源.虽然并非所有的人都同意以绿色的倡议来保护自然资源。但是我们不得不承认这往往是从监管机构和消费者方面在回应新的市场机会和压力，同时也是消费者和企业均获得可持续性相关的的最佳利益时机。以市场为中心的农业企业与客户建立良好的伙伴关系，着眼于最大限度地消费者的经验和总的客户满意度，而不是把重点放在优化生产。许多成功的农业生产者对市场有一个全面的总结，其中包括消费者教育、信息反馈、电子商务及其他形式的支持。农业产业化面对大量的想法以及权衡相互竞争的要求，包括新的法律法规，新技术，资源可持续能力和保护等。农药、肥料、种子、水产养殖、森林的管理必须遵循严格的生态法规和标准。农业产业化必须节约城市水、电，同时尽量减少空气，地面，及水质污染。农业产业化在二十一世纪正日益与重新审视：当代农业企业为了更好的发展更应该聆听客户要求，考虑食物、纤维和天然资源等方面的要求来生产产品和提供服务以创造新的价值，同时节约和保护资源。Agribusiness:MovingfromFarmtoMarketCentricMarkR.EdwardsandClifford.J.ShultzAbstractAgribusinessismovingfromfarmtomarketcentric,whereeffectiveactivitiesanticipateandrespondtocustomers,markets,andthesystemsinwhichtheyfunction.Thisevolutionrequiresabroaderconceptualizationandmoreaccuratedefinition,toconveyamoredynamic,systemic,andintegrativediscipline,whichincreasinglyiscommittedtovaluecreationandthesustainableorchestrationoffood,fiber,andrenewableresources.Wediscusstheforcesdrivingthisshifttothemarket,offeranewandmorerepresentativedefinitionofagribusiness,providemodelstoillustratesomeofthemostcompellingtrends,andarticulatekeyelementsandimplicationsofthosemodels.KeyWords :Agribusinessdefinition,Conceptualmodels,Marketcentric,MarketsystemsIntroductionAgribusinessbeganasadistinctareaofstudyin1955,whenJohnDavisdefineditintermsofafencedpasture;agribusinesscenteredonfarmsandcommoditiesproducedonthem.Thisdefinitionwasappropriatewhenmostagribusinessactionsandemploymentfocusedonmaximizingfoodandfiberproduction.WithfreshinsightsfromDowneyandRayGoldberg,thepasture-farmdefinitiongrewto:“Thesumtotalofalloperationsinvolvedinthemanufactureanddistributionoffarmsupplies;productionoperationsonthefarm;andthestorage,processing,anddistributionoftheresultingfarmcommoditiesanditems”.Similardefinitionshavebeenofferedbyothers,suchasErickson:“Agribusinessincludesallthosebusinessandmanagementactivitiesperformedbyfirmsthatprovideinputstothefarmsector,producefarmproducts,and/orprocess,transport,finance,handleormarketfarmproducts.”Thesetraditionaldefinitions,thoughincreasinglymoreexpansiveovertime,reflectthefocusofagribusinessonthefarmorproductionunit,wheretheagri-businesscenterofmasshasbeenfordecades.Today,ascatterplotofemploymentwouldshowthatwhileover30%jobsinNorthAmericaareinagribusiness,lessthan1%aredirectlyinvolvedinproductionorareonthefarm.Agribusinessisnolongerfarmcentric.Twenty-firstcenturyagribusinessencompassesamuchbroadersetofactions,largelyoutsidethefencedpasture,includingthemarket-orientedsustainableorchestrationoffood,fiber,andrenewableresources.AgribusinessdevelopmentBoundaryDriversSeveralfactorshavepushedtheboundariesofagribusinessfromprimarilyfarm-centeredproductionendeavorstomorecustomerandmarket-centeredactivities.Today,successfulagribusinessestypicallyaremorefocusedon:Thesystemicnatureofvaluechainsandeachfirm’sorentrepreneur’spositioninandcontributionstothosechains;Multiplestakeholdersofincreasinglydiffuseandcomplexagribusinessvaluechains;Natural/scarceresourcesandtheirprudentmanagement;Newtechnologiesandtheirappropriateapplications;Globalization,includingmyriadopportunitiesandthreatsthatariseaccordingly;Sustainabledifferentialadvantage,ormoreprecisely,sourcesande.g.,brandingandbrand-equity—inanincreasinglycompetitiveanddynamicworldofagribusiness.Weexamineheretheunderlyingforcesthathaveinvokedtheshiftfromfarmtomarket,andofferanupdateddefinitionforagribusiness.Further,weproposemodelsthatcapturetheessenceofthistransformation.WhatHasChanged?Thecenterofagribusinessduringmuchofthe20thcenturywasthefamilyfarmandallimmediatelyrelevantsupplyinputs,production,processing,anddistribution.Typicalagribusinessfirmsprovidedasingleinputsuchastractorsorfertilizers,orprocessedonecommoditysuchasmilk,grain,vegetables,orfruits.Incontrast,the21stcenturyexperienceincorporatesadynamic,systemic,stake-holderfocus, with multiple and integrated inputs—particularly in the tasks of processing,distribution,andmarketingcommunications.Newdemandssuchasrapidproductinnovation,leveragingscale-economies,drivingrevenuegrowth,capturingmarketshare,addingsufficientvalue,co-marketingwithcompetitors,andsensitivitytoenvironmentalimpactshavebecomedominantmanagerialconcerns.Trendssuggestdominant21stcenturyagribusinessestendtobecharacterizedas: Larger.Manyfarmsandfirmshaveaggregatedhorizontallybyaddingsubstantiallymoreacreageormoresimilarproductstoachieveeconomiesofscale.Diversified.Oftenconglomeratesthatevolvedfromacquisitionratherthaninternalgrowthhaveaportfoliooffirmswhichincludefood,fiber,chemicals,pharmaceuticals,andevenenergy.Complex:Newrequirementsforaccounting,financialreporting,andmarketingrelationshipsincreasethecomplexityofagribusinessfirms.Strategic:Long-termthinkingaboutscarceresourcessuchassoil,water,power,timber,petroleum,minerals,andfishes,aswellasthenumberofvariablesthatcanaffectthem,havepushedmanyfirmstomanagecarefullynaturalresources,ofteninwaysthat make resource sustainability a competitive advantage. Political:Political pressuresmanifestinzoning,safety,quality,ecology,accesstowaterandpower,andconservationaremotivatingmanyagribusinessfirmstobecomepoliticallyactive.Multinational.Grains,dairyproducts,meat;processedfoodsandfibers;andpharmaceuticalsareexportedworldwide.PushingAgribusinessBoundariesThesechangescreatenewchallengesandthusopportunitiesorthreats,dependinguponone’sperspectiveandvestedinterests.Inshort,theboundariesofagribusinessarebeingpushed,particularlyfromthepeople,concepts,andinstitutionsdiscussedelow.Agribusinessboundaryexpansionisdriveninaneconomicsensebyavarietyofpressures,includingsocialcostsandtransactioncosts.RonaldCoase(1960)explainedthatpeoplefirmsbearbothprivatecosts(tothemselves)andexternalcosts(tosociety).Thesecostssumtothesocialcostofanyaction.Coase,andlaterWilliamson(1996),showedhowtransactioncostspushfirmstoinnovateandchangeduetotheincreasedcostsofresourcesusedforthecreationofproductsandservices.Transactioncostsincludedefiningandmeasuringresourcesorclaims,thecostsofusingandenforcingrights,andthecostsofinformation,negotiation,andenforcement(Williamson,1996).Asresourcesbecomeincreasinglyscarce,bothsocialandtransactioncostsgoup,forcingorganizationstochangethewaytheyact.Hence,themarginsofagribusinessesmovebeyondtraditionalboundaries.AgribusinessstrategyandbusinessOpportunitiesLower-Cost,OppositeSeason,andNewCompetitionAreasManyagribusinessesindevelopingeconomieshavelowercostsandcompetesuccessfullyonprice.FruitandvegetableproducersareexperiencingsignificantnewmarketentryfromcountriessouthoftheequatorthathaveanoppositegrowingseasontoNorthAmerica.Mostfoodstoresnowcarrygrapes,vegetables,andpit-fruitsallwinterfromChileandotherSouthAmericancountries.Newexoticfoodsandfibers,notgrowncurrentlyindevelopedmarkets,arefindingtheirwaytosupermarketsintheUnitedStatesandEurope,andrequiremoreshelfspace.Theseincludenewspices,sprouts,fruits,andseafoods.Soyandotherplant-basedmeatsubstitutessimilarlyareenteringthefoodmarket. Newfertilizers,pesticides,andstructuralcompositesarelikelytodisplaceexistingproducts,especiallywhentheycanbeproducedfaster,cheaper,andusefewernaturalresourcesthantraditionalproductsuse.ScientificInnovationsandNewTechnologiesandMethodsGenetics,nutrition,production,health,andvitalityallacttointegratescienceinagribusiness.Otherissuesalsoservetomergeagribusinesswithscienceandtechnology,suchasshelf-life,supply-chainmanagement,ecologicalimpacts,andperceivedvalue.Newtechnologiesandmethodssuchasbaggedlettuce,boxedbeef,flash-frozenseafood,andpre-preparedmealsareresultsfromscientificinnovationsthatchangeagribusiness.Similarly,hydroponics,timberfarms,geneticallymodifiedorganisms,andothernewproductionmodesarechallengingtraditionalproductionmethods.FoodProductionandSecurityFoodproductionincreasinglyisascience-basedbusiness,oftencontrolledbylarge,multinationalcorporations.Thesehugeagribusinessfirmscompetetosleuththegeneticsecretsofplantsandanimalsandtocontroltheirdiscoveriesbyacquiringpatentsforthem.Further,agribusinessmustredoubleitseffortstoaddressconcernsaboutsupply,security,andsafety.HealthHealthissuestendtodominatemanytraditionalagribusiness strategies.Thecreationof论文外文翻译论文外文翻译PAGEPAGE15“no-fatfats,”seedhybrids,andgeneticalterationsintegratestrongdosesofmedicalinformationandtesting.Issuessuchaspesticideresidues,foodcontaminates,andwaterpurityrankhighinthepublicconsciousness.Theextenttowhichnewfoodsenhancehealthandwellnessultimatelywilldeterminetheirsuccessinthevitalitymarketsegment.MorphingEnterprisesandBusinessExtensionsTraditionalchemicalfirmssuchasDuPonthavecreatedagribusinessdivisionstobuildmarketsfortheirtechnicalinnovations.ClassicagribusinessfirmssuchasMonsantocontinuetotermthefirm“agribusiness,”whiletheirbusinessmodelsevolvetonewformsofenterprisewheretheyacquireandco-marketwithpharmaceuticalfirms,anddevelopentirelynewproductcategoriessuchasnutriceuticals.ForestproductcompaniessuchasBoiseCascadeandWeyerhaeuserinvestconsiderableresourcesinforesthusbandry.Rubbercompaniesgrowrenewablerubbertreesandmakeextensiveinvestmentsinglassandothermaterialsincreasetirestrength,longevity,andsafety.Aquaculturehasspawnednewindustriesforfishandshellfishfarmingwhilemanagingseriousconstraintsfromecologicalconcerns.TraditionalDistributionandRetailingLargerretailers,whichalsoaremorphing,havegrowingclout,affectingsupplychainmanagement,prices,production,branding,andmarketingcommunication.Indevelopingandtransitioningeconomies,theyareradicallyreshapingtheagribusinesslandscape,asfarmersnowengageincontractproductionwiththestrategyofmorecoordinatedandefficientdistribution.Thenetresultisthedemiseofsometraditionalmarkets,butenhancedefficiency,choice,quality,andsafety.Smaller,nicheretailersalsoaffectthesevariables,thoughclearlynotsosubstantively.Boutiquesellersfrequentlytargetopinion-leadingconsumers,andthereforeoftenpredictmarkettrends.Ahasmadeanindustryaroundtargetingopinionleadersbywhattheyreadandbuy.Nicheretailersareoftenabletosellhighermarginproductsandservicesandtoengageinhighermarginactivities.GovernmentRegulationandFinancialServicesDespiteashiftawayfromgovernmentintervention,inmanyrespectsgovernmentsstillgreatlyaffectagribusinessandexpandboundariesbylegislatingstandards,advocatingforbusinessesandconsumers,andlargelystimulateacommerciallandscapethatenablesagribusinesstoadministeritsmanyvaluechains,tothebenefitofthemajorityofstakeholdersinthosechains.Manyagribusinesseshaveevolvedintopredominantlyserviceversusproductproviders.Producers,processors,transporters,shippers, grocers,restaurants,insurancecompanies,bankshaveaprofoundimpactontheextent.Firmsunderstandthatconsumersarehighlyinfluencedbythesubtlecues.Consequently,thetypicalfeedbackcardatarestaurantoftenasksmorequestionsabouttheserviceandservice-scapesurroundingsthanthequalityoffood.Failingriskprotectionandfinancing,germanetouniquechallengesinherenttoagribusinesmodels(e.g.,perishability,ecology,andconsumersafety),mostagribusinesseswouldnotsurvive.论文外文翻译论文外文翻译PAGEPAGE16ElectronicMediaandtheInternetSatellites,cable,fiber-optics,andtheInternetnowvirtuallyworktowardassuringatacceleratingrate—thateveryagribusinessanditsstakeholdersareinter-connected.andYahooWeb search engines commonly cross-reference key terms and categories.Agribusinessbecomesconnectedthroughsearchengineswithecology,pollutioncontrols,waterresources,andextractiveindustries.TheInternetalsoexpandsthereachofagribusinessandintrinsicallyisanothermedium.Agribusinessesofanysizecancommunicatewithcustomersinthemostremoteregionsoftheworld.Micro-marketersfromremoteregionsindevelopingmarketsnowcancommunicatewithcustomers,distributors,andothermembersofvaluechains,therebyenablingdistantchannelmemberstoselltomarketsneverbeforeimagined.Anoverarchingtheme:explorenewmarkets,ideas,products,andtheirgrowinginterconnectednessarepushingtheboundariesofagribusinessinwaysneverenvisioned.Internationaltrade,finance,managementandthelatestinformationtechnologies,scientificdiscoveries,andmarketingtoolstomaximizethevaluechainforproductsandservices.EvolvingProductConcepts:Pharmaceuticals,Agriceuticals,andFibersManyoftheaforementionedtopicselicitchangestoproductconceptstraditionallyproducedbynaturalandartificialsubstances.Somemedicines,suchasinsulin,soonwillbeextractedfromgeneticallymodifiedplants;newstrainsofricewillincludevitaminAandprobablyothernutrients;someexpensivemedicineswillbecomeavailableatlowpriceswhentheyareextractedfromthemilkofcowsorothermammals.Ongoingrevelationssuggestthatmanynewmedicineswillemergefromdiscoveriesintherainforestsandtheoceans,largelyuntappedandpromisingreservoirsofnaturalfloraandfaunawhichcanbeparlayedintohealthbenefits.Thesetrendssuggestanexpansionofthepharmaceuticalsindustrytoincludetheterm“agriceuticals.”Fiberssimilarlyhavebeenastraightforwardcategoryofnaturalandartificialcomponents.Nowmicroandnannofibersarechangingthecategoryandextendingintonewareas,asarenewproductformsthatcombinenaturalandsyntheticfibers.Forexample,theleadingmedicalproducttotreatburnsonhumanskinfordecadeshasbeenthinlyslicedskinfromspeciallyraisedpigs.NowitisGORE-TEX,aproductmostobserversequatewithathleticgear.Woodfibersarebeingalignedtomakeproductslighterandstronger,insomecaseslighterandstrongerthansteel.Combinationsofwoodfibersandconcretearebeingfusedintosinglepiecestomakecompositesforcreatingstrong,resilient,cost-effectivehousingmaterials.RecreationandTourismManytraditionalagribusinesspropertiesareevolvingintothearenasofrecreation,ecologicallearning, and tourism. Even family farms, where agribusiness has its genesis, transformedtheirproductionfromwheatandcorntogolfcourses,birdsanctuaries,orwindmills.Nearmostcities,therearefarmsthatlurebusloadsofstudentstoexplorepumpkinfields,milkcows,petgoats,or peaches.Similarly,manyforestsarenowmanagedinwaysthatenablepreservation,recreation,reforestation,biodiversity,andecologicallearninginadditiontotimberproduction.Market-CenteredAgribusinessTheprecedingchallenges,people,concepts,andinstitutionsoperatetogethertoexpandandtoshiftthedisciplineofagribusinessfromthetraditionalfarm-centeredfocustocustomercentered.Market-centricagribusinessfollowsthispath:andmedicines—tonamebutafewagribusinesses.Unfortunately,notallagribusinessfirmsfavor“green”practicesoreffortstoenhanceresourcesustainability—andonecertainlycouldarguethatanagribusinessfirmcanbeprofitablebybeinginsensitivetosuchpractices—butfailuretoembraceasystemicapproach,failuretointegratenaturalresourcesmanagementhintsatacatastrophicthreattoagribusinessfirms.Therefore,naturalresourcesincluding,forexample,managedandnon-managedstocksoffishandforestsaswellasrenewableenergysourcessuchashydro,fuelcell,solar,wave,tide,andwindharnessing,allarege