中考英语专项复习宾语从句名校版

中考英语专项复习宾语从句名校版【宾语从句命题】中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1.引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2.宾语从句的语序；3.宾语从句的时态。【考点诠释】宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。其考查的重点一般都集中在以下几个方面：一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1.引导陈述句用纯连接词that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。2.引导一般疑问句用if或whether，句中翻译为"是否"。注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或ornot时，尤其是直接与ornot连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。3.引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。（连接代词和连接副词，"黄金搭档"原则）一Excuseme，couldyoutellme__________?——There'sabankonthesecondfloor．Youcanmakeitthere．[黄冈市]AwhereIcanchangemoneyBhowIcangettothebankCifthere'sabanknearhereD．wherethebankis二、语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用"连接词＋陈述句语序"，其标点符号由主句来决定。1．--Doyouknow______________now?一InthePeople'sHotel．[北京市]AwhereisTomworkingBwheredidTomworkC．whereTomisworkingD．whereTomworked三、时态1.如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句的时态可视情况使用任何一种相关的时态。2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，宾语从句必须使用过去相应的某一种时态。3.如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句是用什么时态，从句时态习惯上都用一般现在时。4.情态动词could/would用于"请求"，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。Excuseme,couldyoutellmewhen__thenewOlympicCenter?[沈阳市]A．arewevisitedBwillwevisitCwearevisitedDwewillvisit----Couldyoutellmewhomtheradio_________by?一Sorry，Ihavenoidea．[福州市]A．inventsBinventedCisinventedD．wasinvented（河北）Ididn'tunderstand__________,soIraisedmyhandtoask..A.whatmyteachersaysB.whatdoesmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaidD.whatdidmyteachersay四、否定转移当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think/believe/suppose/expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。五、简化宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为"特殊疑问词+不定式"、"it+形容词+不定式短语"、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。Idon'tknowwhatIshoulddowiththeletter.（改为简单句）（山东烟台）Idon'tknowwhat______________________withtheletter.六、注意点if/when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if/when引导宾语从句时，意思分别为"是否"和"何时"，此时它们的时态根据具体情况而定。if和when引导状语从句时，意思分别为"如果"和"当……的时候"，此时如果主句是一般将来时，从句部分则用一般现在时。七、综合考查--DidMrWhitetellyou________-?--Yes.Hesaidhewenttherein2013.[福州市]A.whenhetraveledtoTibetB.howhegoestoWuhanC.WherehespenthisholidaysD.whydidhevisitKunming【语法回顾】宾语从句宾语从句是一种名词性从句，在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。根据引导宾语从句的不同连词，宾语从句可分为三类。1.由that引导的宾语从句。That只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.他说他想呆在家里。Shedoesn'tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.她不知道她病得很严重。Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.我确信他会成功。2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?你知道他们在等谁吗？Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.他问谁的书法最好。CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?你能告诉我3路公共汽车站在哪儿吗？Idon'tknowwhythetrainislate.我不知道火车为什么晚了。Ican'timaginewhyhedidthatthing．我不能想像他为什么做了那件事。Doyouknowwhywehaveputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?你知道我们为什么把运动会推迟到下个月吗?以上两个例句的宾语从句相当于一个特殊疑问句，分别为：whydidhedothatthing?和Whyhaveyouputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?由于宾语从句要求陈述句语序，故而在从句中它变成了陈述语序。请看下列两组句子：Howmuchdoesthiscoatcost?这件衣服值多少钱?Iwanttoknowhowmuchthiscoatcosts．我想知道这件衣服值多少钱。Wheredidyougoyesterday?你昨天去哪儿了?Pleasetellmewhereyouwentyesterday．请告诉我你昨天去哪儿了。当疑问代词what，who在特殊疑问句中做主语时，该特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，所以当该句用来做宾语时，语序不需要调整。What'swrongwithyou?怎么了?Heaskedthegirlwhatwaswrongwithher．他问这个女孩怎么回事了。What'sthematter?怎么了?Heaskedthegirlwhatwasthematter．他问这个女孩怎么了。Whathashappenedtohim?他发生什么事了?Wewanttoknowwhathashappenedtohim．我们想知道他发生了什么事。同类句式还有：Whobrokethewindow?谁打破的窗户?Whoisintheclassroom?谁在教室里?Whatmadehimsoangry．什么使得他如此生气。3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。表示"是否"，二者通常可以互换。例如：Lilyaskedif/whethershelikedit.莉莉问她是否喜欢它。Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.我想知道他是否住在这儿。Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.他问我是否可以帮助他。但语义有点区别：1）whether强调犹豫和选择，多见于书面语中；if只限于条件，常用于口语。例如：WriteandtellmewhetherI'mtocome.请写信告诉我，我是否该来。WriteandtellmeifI'mtocome.如果我该来，请写信告诉我（相当于说：若我不必来，那就不用费心写信给我了。）2）whether可引导各种名词性从名和让步状语从句，if只能引导宾语从句和条件状语从句。由if引导的从句，首先要弄清楚是宾语从句，还是条件状语从句，然后再确定时态。若是引导条件状语从句，谓语动词应用一般现在（过去）时代替一般将来（过去将来）时。例如：Ifyoudon'tgosoon,you'llbelate.如果你不马上去就会迟到。当if引导一个非真实条件句时，从句的谓语动词应用过去式（如果是be,则不论主语的人称和数，一律用were）,主句谓语动词用"would+动词原形"。例如：Ifeveryoneinthecountryknewfirstaid,manyliveswouldbesaved.如果每个国民都懂得急救（的知识），许多生命就会得以挽救。3）whether和if都可以与orno连用。但if与ornot之间常需要用词语隔开，而whether与ornot可连用，也可隔开。例如：Canyoutellmewhetherornotthetrainhasleft?(=Canyoutellmewhetherthetrainhasleftornot?)你能告诉我火车是否离开了吗?Idon'tcareifyourcarbreaksdownornot.我不在乎你的汽车是否坏了。4）下列情况，只用whether作引导词：引导主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、让步状语从句。例如：Whetherhecomesornotdoesn'tconcernme.他来不来与我无关。IamindoubtwhetherIoughttogivethisplanmyapproval..我决定不了是否该同意这项计划。WhatIwanttoknowiswhetheryoucanhelpme.我想知道的是你是否能帮助我。Whetherwegoorstay,theresultisthesame.不管我们是走还是留，其结果是一样的。5）与不定式连用：例如：Idon'tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.我不知道是该接受还是该拒绝。6）在介词后作介宾。例如：Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢那项计划。4．think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等表示"认为"、"猜想"等的动词后的宾语从句1）否定转移在以上动词之后的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定含义，却不用否定形式，而把主句中的上述动词变为否定形式，这就叫否定转移。Idon'tthinkthebookisworthbuying．我认为这本书不值得买。Idon'tbelievetheyhavefinishedtheirwork．我相信他们并未完成他们的工作。Idon'tsupposehecares．我猜想他们不会介意的。Wedon'texpecttheywillhaveeverythingdone．我们希望他们没有把事全做完。2）存在这种否定转移现象的句了在作反意疑问句时，具有如下特点：在宾语从句中，如果主句的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，imagine，guess等，主句主语是第一人称以外的人称时，反意疑问句应针对主句。Youdon'tthinkhecanfinishhiswork,doyou?你认为他不能完成他的工作，是吗?Hedoesn'tbelievethatwehavecomeback，doeshe?他认为我们还没回来呢，是吗?但是如果主句主语是第一人称时，反意疑问词部分的主语和时态要与宾语从句保持一致，并注意否定转移。Idon'tthinkyouareanactor，areyou?我认为你不是一个演员，是吗?IsupposeyouhavebeentoBeijing，haven'tyou?我想你去过北京。是吗?另外，当think，suppose，believe，imaging，guess这类表示"认为"、"猜想"的动词作主句谓语时，常会出现一种以疑问词起头的双重疑问句。Whatdoyouthinkheis?你认为他是做什么的?HowmuchtimedoyousupposeImustspendonit?你认为我得花多少时间来做这件事?二.宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如：Ihear(that)physicsisn'teasy.我听说物理不容易。Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.我认为你不久会喜欢这所学校。CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?你能告诉我怎么到动物园吗？Pleasetellmewhenwe'llhavethemeeting.请告诉我我们什么时候开会。三.宾语从句的时态1．若主句为一般现在时或一般将来时，则从句的时态不限可视句子意义使用所需要的任何时态。例如：Weallknowchickencan'tswim.我们都知道鸡不会游泳。Don'tyouthinkJimisspeakingtooquick.难道你不认为吉姆讲的太快了吗？Hesayshewillcomeback.他说他会回来。2．若主句是祈使句，从句谓语动词也可用所需要的任何时态。例如：Showmewhichpictureisyours.让我看看哪张照片是你的。Pleasetelluswherewewillgo.请告诉我要去哪里。3．若主句是一般过去时，从句必须用过去时态的某一种。例如：Iknewshehadswepttheflooralready.我知道她已经扫过地了。HeaskedifIwasdoingmyhomeworkthistimeyesterday.他问我昨天这个时候是否在做作业。4．若从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或永恒不变的规律时，则不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：Ourteachertolduslighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.老师告诉我们光传播的速度比声音快得多。Theyknewthesunismuchbiggerthantheearththen.他们那时就知道太阳比地球大得多，Hesaidthatoneandonemakestwo.他说一加一等于二。【中考真题】1.—Iwonder____________at8:00lastnight?—IwaswatchingNBA.WhatwereyoudoingB.WhatdidyoudoC.whatyouweredoingD.Whatareyoudoing2.Idon'tremember____________thebookyesterday.A.whereIputB.wheredidIputC.wherewillIputD.wherelwillput3.—Idon'tknow_____.---Becausehehastolookafterhismother.A.whyheisleavingB.whyisheleavingC.whetherheisleavingD.whetherisheleaving4.Ididn'tunderstand_____.SoIraisedmyhandtoaskwhatmyteachersaysB.whatmyteachersayC.whatmyteachersaid5.Theywonder________robotswillmakehumanslosetheirjobsornotA.thatB.ifC.whether6.Canyoutellme______?A.howmuchistheredsweaterB.howmuchtheredsweaterisC.what'sthepriceoftheredsweaterD.howmanytheredsweateris7.—Excuseme,Couldyoutell?—Yes.Goalongthisstreetandyouwillfinditonyourleft.A.whereisthemuseumB.whichisthewaytothemuseumC.howfaristhemuseumD.howcanIgettothemuseum8.Idon'tknow

.A.whereshecomesfrom.B.howoldissheC.Whenwassheborn?9.---Couldyoutellme_______?---Atnineo'clock,intenminutes.A.howwillheleaveB.whenhehasleftC.whyheisleavingD.whenhewillleave10.Thewomanaskedthepolicemanwhere_______.A.thepostofficeisB.wasthepostofficeC.isthepostofficeD.thepostofficewas11.----Couldyoutellme________?----AttheendofJuly.A.howoftenheheardfromhispenpalB.howsoonhewillbehereC.thathewentonvacationD.whenyouwillstartyourvacation12.Couldyoutellme______ameetinginGuangzhounextweek?A.iftherewasgoingtobeB.ifthereisgoingtobeC.whetheristheregoingtobeD.whetherthereisgoingtohave13.—I'mhungrynow.Couldyoupleasetellme______?—Sure.Followme,please.A.wherethere'sagoodplacetohavefunB.thewaytothepostofficeC.whereIcangetadictionaryD.wherethere'sagoodplacetoeat14.—Bob,pleasetellme.—InSouthHillSchool.A.wherewillthematchbeheldB.wherethematchwillbeheldC.whenwillthematchbeheldD.whenthematchwillbeheld15.—Didtheradiosay________?—Yes,fromHunan.A.howthebadricecameB.wherethebadricecamefromC.howdidthebadricecomeD.wheredidthebadricecomefrom16.—Excuseme.Canyoutellme?—Atabout8o'clock,sir.A.whattimetheplanewillreachBeijingB.whattimewilltheplanearriveinBeijingC.whattimetheplanewillarriveBeijingD.whattimewilltheplanegettoBeijing17.－Pleasetellmethescarf?－Sheboughtitonline,Iguess.A.ifAlicelikedB.whenAliceboughtC.whereAliceboughtD.howmuchdidAlicepayfor18.—Couldyoupleasetellme________?—They'reoverthere.A.wherearetherestroomsB.whereweretherestroomsC.wheretherestroomsareD.wheretherestroomswere19.---Howsoonwillyoustartyourjourney?----I'mnotsure.Ihaven'tdecided______.AwhenshallIaskthebossforleaveBwhereIwillgotospendtheholidayCwhetherIwouldgobytrainorbyplaneDwhocouldinvitemetogo20.---Iwonderwhen_____beheld.---Ifit_____,we'llhaveitnextMonday.A.thesportsmeetingwill;doesn'trainB.willthesportsmeeting;doesn'trainC.thesportsmeetingwill;willnotrain21.Aliceinterviewedsomepeopleandaskedthemabout___onFather'sDay.A.whattheydoB.whattheydid.C.whattheywilldo.22.Doyouknow_____Isawyesterday?Itwasmyfavoritestar,Jackie!A.whomB.whenC.whereD.how23.—Howlongdoesittaketogettotheairport?—Fortyminutes.Butit'sfoggytoday.I'mnotsurethehighwaywillclosessoon.Let'ssetoffearlier.A.whetherB.whenC.howD.why24.Ifyoucan'tfindtheplace,Iwillshowyou_______.A.whatitisB.whatitwasC.whereitisD.whereitwas25.—Couldyoutellme_______inyourhometowninwinter?—Sure.A.whetherdoesitoftensnowB.whetheritoftensnowsC.ifitoftensnowD.ifdoesitsnow26.Teenagerswithworkingexperiencesknowmoreclearly________theywillbeinthefuture.A.whoB.whyC.whereD.what27.—Someoneisknockingatthedoor,dad!—Goandsee________.A.whoisitB.whoitisC.whowasitD.whoitwas28.---Couldyoupleasetellme_____?----Yes.ThereisoneonCenterStreet.A.wherecanIbuysomestampsB.whenyouwilltakeyourvacationC.whenwasthetelephoneinventedD.ifthereareanygoodrestaurantsaroundhere29.Couldyoutellme______?Thisway,please.A.wherearethespecialshoesB.wherethespecialshoesareC.wherewillbethespecialshoes30.PeopleinYanchengareproudof____theyhaveachievedinthepastthirtyyears.A.howB.whichC.whatD.when31.—Couldyoupleasetellme_________________?—Sheisunderthebigtreeoverthere.whereisMissZhouB.wherewasMissZhouC.whereMissZhouwasD.whereMissZhouis32.—Couldyoutellme

?I'mgoingtopickyouupattheairport.—At15:45thisFriday.A.whereyoumetmeB.whoyouarecomingwithC.whenyoucamehereD.whattimeyouarearriving33