7.连词讲义-新高一上学期初升高英语衔接

初高中英语语法衔接材料第七讲：连词连词是连接单词、短语或句子（包括从句与分句）的词。连词是虚词，在句子中一般不重读，不能单独作句子成分。连词的分类并列连词并列关系and,when（就在这时二andjustatthis/thattime）,notonly...butalso,neither...nor,both...and转折关系but,while（而/尽管）,yet,not...but选择关系or,either...or,otherwise,orelse（否则/要不然）因果关系for,so定语从句关系代词先行词是人who/that（主语），whom/that（宾语），whose（定语）注意：非限制性定语从句中不用that先行词是事或物which/that（主语或宾语）,whose（定语）关系副词先行词是时间：when（状语）;先行词是地点：where（状语）；先行词是reason:why（状语）名词性从句连词that没有词义，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略；即句子的结构与意义完整时，填that连 词if/whether意为“是否”，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时，一般可互换，但在介词后或discuss后引导宾语从句时，只能用whether。但引导其他名词性从句时，一般也只能用whether连接代词有意义，作句子成分：who,whom,whose,which,what连接副词有词义，作句子成分：when,where,why,how状语从句时间状语when,while,as,before,after,once,till,until,since,everytime,themoment,hardly...when,nosooner...than,assoonas地点状语where,wherever（无论什么地方/不管哪里）条件状语if,unless（除非）,as/solongas（只要）,onconditionthat（如果）,incase（如果/万一）原因状语because,since,as,nowthat（=since既然、由于）状语从句结果状语sothat（结果），so...that,such...that（如此以至于）目的状sothat（为了/以便）,inorderthat,incase（以防万一）,forfearthat（以防/以免）让步状语although,though,as（状语或表语要提到as前,作表语的单数可数名词提刖时，不用a）,evenif,eventhough（即使）,whether...or…（不官还是），whoever（=nomatterwho）,whatever（=nomatterwhat）,whenever（=nomatterwhen）,whichever（=nomatterwhich）比较状语than,as...as,notas...as,notso...as,thesame...as,such...as,themore...themore方式状语as（像、依照），asif,asthough（好像、仿佛）（一）并列连词：并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：1.表并列关系的and,both...and,notonly...butalso,aswellas,neither...nor等。and意为“和，并且，用于连接对等关系的词、词组或分句；常用于句型“祈使句+逗号+and…”。TomandIwenttothebookstoreyesterday.（and连接两个并列的主语）我和汤姆昨天去了书店。Hestoodupandputonhishat.（and连接两个并列的谓语）他站起来，戴上了帽子。Fishingishishobby,andcollectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure.（and连接两个分句）他爱好钓鱼，收集硬币也令他感到快乐。Tryagain,andyou'llsucceed.（在祈使句中，and前面的部分用来表示条件）再试一下，你就会成功的。both...and"不但..・而且・・.；既…又…”,可以并列主语、宾语、表语、状语、谓语等成分。并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式。BothNewYorkandLondonhavetrafficproblems.ThesecretarybothspeaksandwritesSpanish.notonly...butalso"不但…而且”，是并列连词，可以连接两个词，也可连接两个句子。其中，butalso中的also可以省略。notonly…butalso可以连接句中所有的成分，连接并列主语时，其谓语动词根据就近原则，与所靠近的成分保持数的一致。Notonlythestudentsbut（also）theirteacherisenjoyingthemovie.HecanspeaknotonlyFrenchbut（also）English.Henotonlyhadseenthefilmbutalsorememberedwhathehadseen.notonly...butalso可以连接两个句子，notonly位于句首时，notonly后的句子要倒装。Notonlyisheascientist,butheisalsoaphysicist.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacherswasagainsttheplan.不但学生，而且老师也反对这个计划。aswellas其连词作用，表示“同、和、也”等。aswellashisparentsjoinsintheparty.不但林先生的父母，而且林先生也参力口宴会。Ihavereadhisnovelsaswellashisplays.neither…nor”既不.・・也不・.一连接主语时，谓语动词也依据就近原则。NeitheryounorIamwrong.连接两个句子，当neither,nor放句首时,该句倒装。Neithercouldtheorydowithoutpractice,norcouldpracticedowithouttheory..表选择关系的or,orelse,either...or9otherwise等。l）or和orelse表示选择关系。表示两者之间选择其一，意为“或者'用于祈使句时，意为“否则，不然”。TomorIamright.或者汤姆，或者我是对的。Hurryup,orelseyou'llmissthelastbus.快点儿，不然你就会错过最后一班车。Putonyourovercoat,oryouwillcatchacold.穿上衣服，要不然你会着凉的。）otherwise”否贝/例如：Lefsbegin,otherwise,wewillfallbehind.）either…or"或者...或者“连接主语时，谓语动词依据就近原则。Theshoeswereeithertoobigortoosmall.鞋子要么太大，要么太小。Eitheryouorheisright.不是你，就是他是对的。.表转折关系的but,while（而）,yet,however（然而）,not…but等。Learningtheguitarisn'tdifficult,butyouhavetopractice.ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,whileinfactIwastalkingaboutmydaughter.Hewasindeeptrouble,yethedidn'tloseheart.Rickwasverysuccessful.However,thelastfewyearsofhislifewerenothappyones.not...but"不是・..而是”在连接主语时，谓语动词要按就近原则，与靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Notthemanagerbuttheworkersarehopingtodothat.NotyoubutIamateacher..表因果关系的for,so,therefore等。for表示原因，对前面的情况加以解释，有逗号把它和前面的分句分开。Theshopwasquitenew,forithadopenedonlytheweekbefore.so表示结果，意为“因此，所以，于是”。Thesebuildingswereover50yearsold,sotheywerenotstrongenough.therefore意为“因此，所以、多放在分句或句子的前面。Hebrokethelaw,thereforehewasputintoprison.（二）从属连词：从属连词用来连接各种从句。.连接名词性从句：主语从句，表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句Whetheritwilldousharmorgoodremainstobeseen.（主语从句）ThetroubleisthatTvelosthisaddress.（表语从句）Weallknowthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.（宾语从句）Iwanttoknowwhether/ifhewillcomebacksoon.（宾语从句）Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.（同位语从句）口寸间状语从句的从属连词有：since（自从），until（直到），after,before,when,while,as,assoonas,whenever,eversince2）地点状语从句的从属连词有：where,wherever等3）原因状语从句的从属连词有：as,because,since,nowthat4）让步状语从句的从属连词有：although,though,evenif,however5）条件状语从句的从属连词有：if,unless,once,incase6）连接结果状语从句的从属连词有：so...that,such...that7）连接目的状语从句的从属连词有：that,sothat,inorderthat8）方式状语从句的从属连词有：as,asif（asthough）8）比较状语从句:as...as,notso/as...as,than等一、完成句子在下列各句中填入一个适当的单词使句子完整通顺。metAlice,toldmethatshewaslearningChinese.ThemantoourheadmastertalkedjustnowisfromCanada.Hehasamindtobeathisdogwilleasilyfindhisstick.Godhelpsthosehelpthemselves.thereislifeonthemoonisaninterestingquestion.willwinthematchisstillunknown.Everythingdependsonwehaveenoughmoney.Childrenwhoarenotactiveordietishighinfactwillgainweightquickly.Hereareallmystory-books.Youcantakeyoulikebest.Shealwaysthinksofshecanservethecustomerswell.Hegotuptoolate.Thatishecamelatetothemeeting.Anideacametohimhemightdotheexperimentinanotherway.Makeamarkyouhaveanydoubtsorquestions.WordcameourChinesewomenteamhadwonthegame.Heisnothewasafewyearsago.Ourincomeisnowdoubleitwastenyearsago.manyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeeachother'sdialects.Shewaswalkingalongthestreetsuddenlysomeonerobbedherofherhandbag.shehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Wewaitedhefinishedhiswork.Nodecisionhasbeenmade,andthesituationremainsunclear.Carldidn'tstudylaw.,hedecidedtobecomeanactor.23.1toldyoutoshutthedoor,youdidn'tshutis.24.1don'tlikethiscoatand,,itcoststoomuch.25.1understandyoursituationandtheproblemyouarefacingiscommonamongusteenagers.,itshouldbewisenottodoanythingthatmayhurtyourmother'sfeelings.二、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Withtherapiddevelopmentofeconomyandinsurance,Chinaisseenasoneofthesafest](place)intheworldforforeignvisitors,accordingtoaninternationalsecurityreport.InthenewTravelRiskMap2018,thecountry2(list)ashavinga"low”travelrisk.Thereport,nowin3(it)eighthyear,iscompiledandposted4(annual)byInternationalSOS,andglobalriskandstrategicconsultingfirmControlRisks.Chinahasbecome5fourthmostpopulardestinationfortouristsworldwide,withmorethan60milliontripsmadebypeoplefromothercountrieslastyear,accordingtotheUnitedNationsWorldTourismOrganization.MariaPelayo,24,ofMadrid,saidshewasimpressed6China'sorderandsafety,7hasmadeherfeelmuch8(safe)thanintheUnitedStatesorTurkey,whichshealsohasvisited.Shesaidshedidn'tfeellikeshe9(be)inanydangerinBeijing,asshesaweffortsfromprofessionals,includingvolunteersonstreets,policeofficersonpatrolandsecuritystaffinthesubways,10(keep)order.三、模拟练习与高考1.(安徽省安庆二中2023年高三质量检测)IthappenedtobeallinChinese,soIdidn'tunderstandmuch,itdidcausemetorethinkmyassumptions.2.(2023届江西省金溪一中等七校高三联考试卷)“Ididn'trealizeIhadsuchpotentialmyfriendsoncerandomlymentionedthatmyvoicewasreallygoodfordoingASMR(自发性知觉经络反应)JsaidMingo,whotriestohelpclientsfallasleep..(2023届河南省焦作市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题)Whe山eryouareahistory-lovingtraveleraloverofnaturallandscape,youwillnevergettiredoftheGreatWall,oneofthesevenwondersintheworld..(云南省曲靖市第一中学2022-2023学年高三试题)Unlikeordinarypapermakingwheretreesneedtobecutdown,Daipaperisenvironmentallyfriendly.Thisisitsrawmaterialistherecyclablebarkofakindoftreesuniquetothearea..(八省联考2022届高三第二次联考)AmericanlawyerMitchDudekbuiltaprivatemuseum56visitorscanhavedirectcontactwithalltheexhibitsondisplayintheancientcityofSuzhou..(八省联考2022届高三第二次联考)Thesoundofthedrums,58youcanfeelthroughoutyourentirebody,isquiteinspiring..（2022届高三广东省二模）InJune2020,helaunchedProject34,through56hewillreleaseasongforeachofthe34provincial-levelregionsinChinaeverymonth..WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Mybikewasoldandshakydidthejob.（2021全国甲卷）WehiredourbikesfromtherentalplaceattheSouthGate.Oldandshakymybikewas,itdidthejob.（对比练习）.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.（2021新高考I卷）youseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.（对比练习）.Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.（2021新高考I卷）Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainisyoumusttryaftertheclimb.（对比练习）参考答案：一、单句填空1.who2.whom3.who4.who5.Whether6.Who7.whether8.whose9.whichever10.how11.why12.that13.where14.that15.what16.what17.Although18.when19.Once20.till/until21.thus/therefore22.Instead23.though24.besides25.However~*、j吾、去土直本文主要4中国被外国游客视为世界上最安全的地方之一。places考查名词的数。由"oneof+可数名词复数形式”可知填places。islisted考查被动语态。句子主语thecountry与l