英语名师讲练大一轮复习人教版核心素养测评二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists

温馨提示：此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。核心素养测评二十一必修5Unit1Greatscientists(限时35分钟)Ⅰ.阅读理解AAbiologistoncecriticizedforstealingeggsfromthenestsoftherarestbirdintheworldhasbeenawardedthe“NobelPrize”ofconservationafterhismethodssavedninespeciesfromextinction.ProfessorCarlJoneswonthe2016IndianapolisPrize—thehighestaccoladeinthefieldofanimalconservation—forhis40yearsofworkinMauritius,wherehesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombeingthenextGreatAuk.Whenthe61yearoldfirsttravelledtotheeastAfricanislandinthe1970s,hewastoldtoclosedownaprojecttosavetheMauritiuskestrel.Atthetimetherewerejustfourleftinthewild,makingittherarestbirdonEarth.However,hestayed,usingthetechniquesofcaptivebreeding(人工繁殖),whichinvolvedsnatchingeggsfromthebirds’nestsandhatching(孵化)themunderincubators,promptingthemotherstolayanothersetofeggsinthewild.Adecadelater,thenumberofMauritiuskestrelshadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.Thebiologisthasalsobeennecessaryineffortstobringotherrarespeciesbackfromtheedgeofextinction,includingthepinkpigeon,echoparakeetandRodrigueswarbler.Prof.Joneswasawardedthe$250,000(￡172,000)prizeataceremonyinLondon.“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”reflectingonthestartofhiscareer,hesaidtheMauritiuskestrelprojecthadbeenseenasa“deadloss”atthetime.Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.Prof.Joneshasdevotedhiswholelifetohiswork,onlybeingafatherforthefirsttimeeightyearsago,at53.Hesaidreceivingtheprizewasparticularlyimportanttohim,becauseitprovedthathisworktosavebirdswasright.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了生物学家CarlJones通过人工繁殖的方式使濒临灭绝的鸟类的数量逐渐增加,并且因此获得了2016年的印第安纳波利斯奖。1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“accolade”meaninParagraph2?A.Return.B.Level.C.Honor.D.Research.【解析】选C。词义猜测题。由于破折号后面的句子是对前面句子的补充说明,故由“wonthe2016IndianapolisPrize”可推知,这里的“accolade”与获奖有关,所以C项“荣誉”符合题意。2.Accordingtothepassage,GreatAukis______.

A.anendangeredbirdB.anextinctbirdC.apopularbirdD.afiercebird【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句中的“hesavedanendangeredkestrelfrombeingthenextGreatAuk.”可知,他拯救了濒临灭绝的红隼,使它免于遭受GreatAuk的情况,所以推测,GreatAuk是已经灭绝的一种鸟类。故选B。3.WhatcanweknowfromthefiguresinParagraph4?A.Takingeggsfromthenestshasworkedwell.B.Thewildenvironmentforkestrelhaschangedalot.C.Kestrelhasadaptedtothelifeinthewild.D.It’sdifficulttoprotectkestrel.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据文章第四段第一句中的“...hadsoaredtoover300andtodaytherearearound400inthewild.”可知,红隼的数量已经开始增加了,所以可推断人工繁殖的方法很有效,与第三段中的“人工繁殖”相对应。故选A。4.Prof.Jones’ideaoftakingeggsfromthebirds’nests______.

A.wasprovedofnouseB.waswidelyacceptedC.waspromotedofficiallyD.wascriticizedbysomepeople【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句中的“Abiologistoncecriticized...therarestbird”及文章倒数第二段“Asayoungmaninmy20s,Icertainlydidn’tenjoythestressandthetensionofthecriticismIreceived,”和最后一句中的“Inthe1970stherewas...thattheyweretoorisky...”可知琼斯教授从稀有鸟类的巢穴中取出鸟蛋的行为被一些人批评。故选D。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.criticizevt.批评2.conservation n.保护3.tension n.紧张4.opposition n.反对5.captive adj.被监禁的;被困住的6.breed vt.饲养;培育7.emphasis n.重要性长难句分析Inthe1970stherewasfierceoppositiontothecaptivebreedingtechniques,withcriticsarguingthattheyweretooriskyandtooktheemphasisoffbreedinginthewild.分析:本句是一个复合句。本句是therebe句型,arguing后是that引导的宾语从句。译文:在20世纪七十年代,有人强烈反对人工繁殖的方法,批评家们争论说:这些方法有风险,不重视在野外的繁殖。(2020·桂林模拟)StudyingtheDNAof300micehasflaggedupgeneswhichhavebeenlinkedtohereditary(遗传的)sightlossforthefirsttime.Researcherssaybecausemice’sgenesaresosimilartohumans’,theirfindingscouldleadtothetreatmentofmoregeneticdiseases.ScientistsattheUniversityofCalifornia,Davisstudiedinformationfromadatabankofmice’sgeneticmaterial.Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.Onlyaround50to75percentofhereditaryeyediseasesinhumancanbeexplainedwithpresentscience.Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother25—50percent.“Thisisextremelyvaluableforpeoplewithhereditaryeyedisease,”saidresearcherProfessorAlaMoshiri.“Allresearchersaregoingtostartusingthesedata.Inthepast,weknewtheproblemwastherebutwedidn’tknowwheretolook.Noweyecenterscancallbackpatientsandscreenthemforthesenewgenes.Weexpectedthatmoreandmoreofthesegeneticdiseaseswillbetreatable.”Also,thefactisthatmorethan60percentofeyeproblemsatbirthareonesresultingfromthebaby’sparents!ThankstodatafromtheInternationalMousePhenotypingConsortium(IMPC),whichistryingtoworkoutwhateverysinglegeneinamouseisresponsiblefor,withtheaimoftranslatingittohumans,scientistsaremovingclosertofiguringoutallgeneticcausesofblindness.Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.Thishassofarbeendonemorethan7,000timesandhasachievedgreatsuccess.ResearchersarenowworkingalongsideeyecarecentersinTexasandIowainordertoparethemice’sgenestothoseofpatients.【文章大意】本文是一篇科普说明文。加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们对小白鼠数百种的新基因进行了研究。研究的成果是解释人类遗传性眼病的关键。1.Howmanyhereditarysightlossrelatedgeneswerenewlyfound?A.86.B.261.C.300.D.347.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第二段Theyfound347geneslinkedtoeyeproblems,withjust86ofthemhavingbeenstudiedinthepast.可知,他们发现347个基因与眼睛问题有关,其中只有86个基因在过去被研究过。即新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有:34786=261个,故选B。2.WhyisthepercentageofgeneticeyeproblemsmentionedinParagraph3?A.Toshowthesignificanceofstudyingmice’sgenes.B.Toprovemice’sgenesaresimilartohumans’.C.Towarnthehighrisklevelofsufferingthem.D.Toexplainhowmontheyareamongpeople.【解析】选A。细节理解题。由第三段Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother2550percent.可知,研究人员认为,在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。即第三段提到遗传性眼睛问题的百分比是为了展示研究老鼠基因的重要性。故选A。3.Whatshouldscientistsdofirsttounlocksecretsofgeneticblindness?A.parehumans’geneswithmice’s.B.Recognizeeachgene’sroleofhumans.C.Setapartageneofamouseeachtime.D.Figureouteachgene’sfunctionofamouse.【解析】选C。细节理解题。由最后一段Todothis,scientistsseparateasinglegenefromotheronesatatimeandthenobservewhateffectithasonthemouseforalongtime.可知,科学家们一次将一个基因从其他基因中分离出来,然后观察它在很长一段时间内对老鼠有什么影响。即为了解开基因性失明的秘密,科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。故选C。4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.NewWaystoCureSightLoss.B.GenesFoundBehindEyeProblems.C.GeneticDiseasesDiscoveredinMice.D.Humans’GenesCausingEyeDiseases.【解析】选B。主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容:科学家发现在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。故选B。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.flagup引起……的注意2.genetic adj.基因的3.treatable adj.可治疗的长难句分析Theresearchersbelievethesehundredsofnewgenesfoundinmicecouldbeakeytoexplaining—andthereforebeingabletotreattheother2550percent.分析:本句是一个复合句。谓语动词believe后接宾语从句,省略了that。译文:研究人员认为,在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释这一现象的关键,因此能够治疗另外25%至50%的疾病。B导学号Hackingisn’tjustforputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.Thenewstudyspeduptheprocessbychangingtheplant’sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyield(产量)mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法,这种方法对提高粮食产量是一个重大突破。5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?A.Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.B.Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.C.Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.D.Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.”可知,科学家发现一种破解植物基因的方法,可以使植物更快地利用阳光,由此可知,植物的基因可以通过破解来改变,故B项正确。6.Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?A.Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.B.Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.C.Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.D.Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes”可知,科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变,故B项正确。7.Whatdoweknowaboutphotosynthesis?A.Ithelpsplantstoproduceenergy.B.Itisregardedasaproductivesystemforplants.C.Itcanincreaseleafgrowthonplantsby14percent.D.Itismadeupofsunlight,waterandcarbondioxide.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.”可知,光合作用这个词用来描述植物如何利用阳光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物,由此可知,光合作用能帮助植物产生能量,故A项正确。8.WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved______.

A.useless B.deadlyC.effective D.unrealistic【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知,结果,科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了,由此可知,改变植物基因的方法证明是有效的,故C项正确。9.WhatisTalaAwanda’sattitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful. B.Neutral.C.Objective. D.Critical.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...thestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyieldmightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still,sheaddedinanemail,‘thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.’”可知,Awanda说这个研究很有意义,但她警告说对传统农作物来说,产量可能不会那么高,最后她还说不管怎样,这项研究仍是一个突破,由此可知Awanda对这项研究持客观态度,故C项正确。【知识拓展】佳词积累1.processn.过程2.protectiveadj.保护的;防护的3.conventionaladj.依照惯例的;传统的长难句分析AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense,butcautionedtheyieldmightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.分析:本句是一个复合句。AgricultureprofessorTalaAwanda是从句的主语,said是谓语,其后是宾语从句,but是并列连词,连接了said和cautioned。译文:农业教授TalaAwanda说这项研究非常有意义,但是警告说对于传统的粮食作物来说,产量可能不是那么高。Ⅱ.阅读填句FilmsandputergamesInjustafewdecadesthegamingindustryhasbeemuchbiggerthanthefilmbusiness.Whatiscalled“interactiveentertainment”makesmoremoneythanHollywoodcinema.Isthereanywayofmakingfilmsmoreappealingtopeoplewholiketoplayputergames?Makingafilmoutofabestsellingputergamecanguaranteealargeaudience.1Nowadaysfilmsaremadewithsimilarones.Theyhaveattractiveactionscenesrelyingonfantasyeffectsaswell.Gamingmarketsconsistofsciencefictiongames,andfilmmakershavealsosetfilmsinsciencefictionworlds.2Anyattempttoborrowmorethanthesettingfromagameiscertaintofail.

Whydogamersfeeldisappointedbyfilmsbasedontheirfavoritegames?Oneofthereasonsistechnical.Noweverythingcanbeputerproduced.3However,filmingascenefrom20differentcameraswouldcostafortune,soitsimplyisn’tdoneinthefilmversion—leavingthegamersfeelingthatthefilmdidn’tlookasrealastheputergame.

4Inafilmthedirectordoesn’tshowyousomethingstokeepyouhavethefeelingofexcitementoranxiety.Forexample,youwouldn’tbeinterestedinwatchingthefilmifyouknewtheidentityofthemurderer.Butthisisnottrueforputergames.Whenyouplayagame,youhavetodocertaintaskstocontinuetothenewlevel.5Youarealwaysincontrolasaplayer,whileinthecinemayounevercontroltheaction.Youjustsitandwatch.

Therecanbesomeinteractionbetweenfilmsandputergamesondifferentlevels.Forallthesimilaritiesbetweentechnologiesandspecialeffects,weshouldn’tforgetthatastoryandagamearefundamentallydifferent.A.Camerasmatterinanothersense,too.B.Thesuccessofagameusuallyliesintheuseofspecialeffects.C.Youcan’tinfluencewhathappensatallintheputergames.D.putergamesmayshowtheactionfromanumberofviewseasily.E.Thegamehasagoodchanceofbeingassuccessfulasthefilmonwhichitisbased.F.Youmustbeabletohaveaccesstoalltheinformationinordertodecidewhattodonext.G.However,thedifficultyforfilmproducersappearstobeknowingwhereandwhentostop.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。介绍游戏产业可能会取代电影产业以及其背后的原因,同时还对电影和游戏进行了对比。1.【解析】选B。根据后文Nowadaysfilmsaremadewithsimilarones.Theyhaveattractiveactionscenesrelyingonfantasyeffectsaswell.可知,如今制作电影也使用了类似的特效,最终呈现吸引人眼球的动作场景。根据后文的similarones可知,电影和游戏使用类似的特效来保证动作场景的美观,B选项“一部游戏的成功通常在于特效的使用”切题,故选B。2.【解析】选G。根据后一句Anyattempttoborrowmorethanthesettingfromagameiscertaintofail.可知,任何企图借鉴游戏背景之外的东西注定是要失败的。G选项“但是,电影制作人的困难在于知道借鉴游戏到什么程度,借鉴哪些方面”,与后文,“如果全盘借鉴注定失败”,意思一致,故选G。3.【解析】选D。根据后一句However,filmingascenefrom20differentcameraswouldcostafortune,soitsimplyisn’tdoneinthefilmversion—leavingthegamersfeelingthatthefilmdidn’tlookasrealastheputergame.可知,用20台摄像机拍摄一个场景会很花钱,通常在拍摄电影中是无法做到的,因此会让游戏玩家感觉电影没有游戏场景逼真。D选项,“游戏可以从不同的角度来展示一个场景”切题,故选D。4.【解析】选A。根据后一句Ina