2023新教材高中英语Unit1ScienceandScientistsSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage(Grammar)课时作业新人教版选择性必修第二册

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage(Grammar)[基础训练]Ⅰ单词拼写1．The(发现)mightapplytootherspecies,researcherssay.答案：finding2．(·北京高考)Positive(思维)andactionresultinsuccess.答案：thinking3．Milkproductsareanexcellentsourceof(蛋白质).答案：protein4．Thisvinfectedthousandsofcomputerswithindays.答案：virus5．Everyanimalorplantismadeupofmillionsofc.答案：cellsⅡ单句语法填空1．Watermaychangefromaliquidtoa(solid).答案：solid2．Thepolicesuspecthimcarryingouttwobombattacks.答案：of3．ThatwasIreallythoughtthen.答案：what4．ItseemsIwerespeakingtoyouforthefirsttime.答案：asif5．Thiswas(initial)atheoreticalconcern.答案：initially6．IworryalotaboutIcanhandlethisnewjob.答案：whether7．Canyoutellmeblueshirtisonthebed?答案：whose8．Idon'tsubscribesuchviews.答案：to9．Allthewindowsareopen,that'sitissowindy.答案：why10．Ithinkitishedoesn'tknowher.答案：becauseⅢ单句写作1．首先，设计好分析的理论框架。First,welayouttheforouranalysis.答案：theoreticalframework2．这不能怪他，只怪我没有交代清楚。Thisisnothisfault.Iamnothavingmadeitcleartohim.答案：toblamefor3．这个角色使他成为了家喻户晓的人物。Thisrolehasturnedhiminto.答案：ahouseholdname4．我所怀疑的是你们得到的数据是否准确。WhatIsuspectofisofyoursareaccurate.答案：whetherthestatistics5．我们应该考虑的是如何在战“疫”中减少病死率。Whatweshouldthinkaboutisthedeathrateinfightingthedisease.答案：howwecandecrease[思维训练]Ⅰ语言运用(·西安市莲湖区高二检测)Doyouthinkyouhavewhatittakestobeasuccessfulscientist?Asuccessfulscientistisgenerallyagoodobserver.Hemakesfull1ofthefactsheobserves.Hedoesn'tacceptideaswhicharenot2onobviousfacts,andtherefore3toacceptauthorityastheonlyreasonfortruth.Healwayschecksideas4andmakesexperimentstoprovethem.Theriseofmodernsciencemayperhapsbeconsideredto5asfarbackasthetimeofRogerBacon.HewasprobablythefirstintheMiddleAgesto6thatweshouldlearnscience7observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus,andhehimself8manyimportanttruths.Galileo(15641642),however,wholivedmorethan300yearslater,wasthegreatestofseveralgreatmeninItaly,France,Germany,andEngland,9begantoshowhowmanyimportant10couldbediscoveredbyobservationbydegrees.ItisGalileo'sspiritofgoingdirecttonature,andprovingour11andtheoriesbyexperiment,thathas12allthediscoveriesofmodernscience.What13thosepeoplegoodscientists?FromtheexampleofGalileo,weknow14thatsuccessfulscientistsarethosewhoseobservationshave15betterresults.篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了一位科学家应该具有的品质：不能盲目相信他人，应该通过观察和实验来获得正确的观点和理论。1．A.use B．senseC．speed D．trust答案：A根据第一段第二句可知，一位成功的科学家通常是一位好的观察者，故此处应填use。makefulluseof“充分利用，充分使用”为固定词组。故选A。2．A.relied B．basedC．insisted D．centered答案：B根据该空前的“Hedoesn'tacceptideas”和后面的“onobviousfacts”可知，此处应用bebasedon这个固定词组，表示“以……为基础，基于……”。故选B。3．A.refuses B．desiresC．intends D．regrets答案：A由空格前的“doesn'tacceptideas...”和“andtherefore”可知，此处应选refuses，表示拒绝把权威作为对真理的唯一解释。故选A。4．A.casually B．carefullyC．quickly D．privately答案：B根据前面“Healwayschecksideas”和后面的“andmakesexperimentstoprovethem”可知，此处表示仔细地(carefully)核查这些观点。故选B。5．A.date B．keepC．look D．come答案：A由空格后的“thetimeofRogerBacon”可知，现代科学的兴起可以追溯到很早的时期。dateback是固定词组，意为“追溯到”。故选A。6．A.command B．suspectC．suggest D．conclude答案：C根据空格后的内容可知，这里应是RogerBacon提出的建议，故选C。7．A.in B．withC．on D．by答案：D根据后面的“observingandexperimentingonthethingsaroundus”可知，此处表示通过(by)观察我们周围的事物并做实验。故选D。8．A.brought B．discoveredC．handled D．announced答案：B结合空格后的“manyimportanttruths”可知，他本人发现(discover)了很多重要的真理。第10空后的discovered也是提示。故选B。9．A.who B．whenC．that D．where答案：A设空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词greatmen进行补充说明，故用who引导定语从句。故选A。10．A.truths B．problemsC．investigations D．subjects答案：A由空格后的“couldbediscoveredbyobservation”可知，很多真理可以通过观察而被发现。truth“事实，真理”。第8空后的“manyimportanttruths”也是提示。故选A。11．A.plans B．opinionsC．world D．ability答案：B与后面“andtheoriesbyexperiment”中的theories呼应，此处表示通过实验证明我们的观点(opinion)和理论。故选B。12．A.ledto B．turnedtoC．setup D．putforward答案：A这里是说正是伽利略对自然不断探索的精神使得现代科学能有发现。leadto“导致，造成”。故选A。13．A.makes B．preventsC．considers D．promises答案：A结合下文中的“successfulscientistsarethose...”可知，此处是说“什么使这些人成为好的科学家”。make“使变得，使成为”。故选A。14．A.likely B．clearlyC．naturally D．unwillingly答案：B结合上文所举的例子我们可以清楚地(clearly)知道，科学家之所以成功是因为他们的观察产生了更好的结果。故选B。15．A.foreseen B．rejectedC．produced D．challenged答案：C这里是说成功的科学家是那些他们的观察产生了(produce)更好的结果的人。结合语境，应选C。Ⅱ阅读(·江苏省苏州枫华高级中学高二测试)ElizabethBlackwellwasbornonFebruary3,1821inEngland.Whileshewasgrowingup,twoofherbrothersandsixofhersistersdied.Elizabethdecidedtobecomeadoctor.Herfatherwasasugarbusinessman.Heencouragedequalityeq\a\vs4\al(W1)betweenboysandgirls,so,unlikemostgirls,Elizabethhadthesameeducationasboys.Onenight,whenElizabethwaseleven,afiredestroyedherfamily'sbusiness.ThefamilybecamesopoorthatMrBlackwelldecidedtogotoAmerica.WhenthefamilyreachedNewYork,MrBlackwelltriedtostartanewbusiness,butfailed.In1837,hedied.Afterbeingrefusedseveraltimesbymedicalschools,ElizabethwasfinallyacceptedbyGenevaMedicalCollegeinNewYork,largelyasajoke.Peoplethere,evenwomen,thoughtshewasindecenteq\a\vs4\al(W2)andaskedhertoleave.Butwithgreatdetermination,Elizabethgraduatedwithhighhonors.Aftergraduation,ElizabethwenttoParistolearnmoreaboutmedicine.ElizabethreturnedtoAmericain1851.Thereshehelpedotherwomenbecomedoctorsandopenedamedicinestore.Then,shebeggedherrichfriendstogivemoneytobuildahospital.Elizabeth'sdreamcametruein1857whentheNewYorkInfirmaryForWomenAndChildrenopeneditsdoors.Itwasthefirsttruehospitalforwomen,runbywomendoctorsintheworld.In1868,thehospitalopenedamedicalcollegeforwomen.Afterthat,ElizabethreceivedaletterfromEuropeaskinghertocometoherhomelandanddoforthewomenofEuropewhatshehaddoneinAmerica.ShereturnedtoEnglandin1869.Theresheservedforeq\a\vs4\al(P)fortyyears,whichmadeherahero.篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了西方首位取得医学博士学位成为医生的伟大女性ElizabethBlackwell以及她为妇女、儿童所作的贡献。1．WhatmadeElizabethwanttobeadoctor?A．Herpoorfamily.B．Herfather'sadvice.C．Herfamilymembers'earlydeath.D．Theinequalitybetweengirlsandboys.答案：C细节理解题。根据第一段可知，Elizabeth年幼时她的兄弟姐妹相继死亡，这让她产生了当医生的想法。2．WhydidElizabeth'sfamilymovetoAmerica?A．Tosellmoresugar.B．Tolookforchancestolive.C．Toopenahospitalforwomen.D．TohelpElizabethstudymedicine.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Elizabeth一家搬到美国是为了寻找生存的机会。3．ItcanbeinferredfromPara.4thatinAmerica.A．hardlyanywomenstudiedmedicineB．studyingmedicinewasconsidereddecentC．womenwerenotallowedtoreceiveeducationD．womenandchildrensufferedalotfrompoorhealth答案：A推理判断题。第四段讲到Elizabeth一开始遭到很多家医学院的拒绝，在她被纽约的一家医学院录取后，当地的人们甚至是妇女都认为她学医很下流，都斥责她让她离开，由此可知当时几乎没有女性学医，因为在人们看来女性学医是一件下流的事情。4．WhichistherightorderofthefollowingeventsaboutElizabeth?a．Sheopenedthefirsthospitalforwomen.b．SheopenedamedicinestoreinAmerica.c．HerfamilymovedtoNewYork.d．Shegraduatedfromamedicalschool.e．ShereturnedtoEnglandtoserve.f．Herfamily'sbusinesswasdestroyed.g．ShewenttoParistostudymedicine.A．c－f－d－g－b－a－e B．f－c－d－g－b－a－eC．f－c－g－d－b－a－e D．f－c－g－d－b－e－a答案：B细节理解题。根据文章内容可知所列事件的正确顺序是：Elizabeth家的生意因火灾而破产→她全家搬到纽约谋生→她从医学院毕业→她到巴黎进修→她在美国开了一家药店→她开了第一家妇幼医院→她返回家乡作贡献。eq\a\vs4\al(W重点单词)1．equalityn.平等2.indecentadj.下流的eq\a\vs4\al(P重点短语)servefor为……服务Ⅲ语法填空Whatisdiscoveredbyscientistsinarecentresearchabouthealthis1stayinginthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatexposuretothecoldincreaseslevelsofaproteinthathelpsformbrownfat—atypeoffat2producesheatandkeepsuswarm.Brownfatburnsenergy,whichhelpsusloseweight.Whitefatstoresextraenergy,whichresults3weightgain.Theresearcherssaidthatbecauseairconditioningandheatinggiveusconstantand4(comfort)temperatures,ourbody'sneedforbrownfathasdecreased.Theyfoundthat:“OutdoorworkersinnorthernFinlandwho5(expose)tocoldtemperaturehave6significantamountofbrownfatwhen7(compare)tosame－agedindoorworkers.”Theresearchwasconductedontwodifferentcontrolgroupsofmice.8groupwasinjectedwiththeproteinthathelpscreatebrownfat.Thisgrouplatergained30%lessweightafterbothgroupswerefedhigh­fatdiets.Theresearcherssaythiscouldbegoodnewsinthefightagainstobesity(肥胖症).Peoplewhoareobesehave9(low)levelsofbrownfatthanthinnerpeople.HeadresearcherHeiSookSulsaid,“Thisproteincouldbeveryimportantfortheresearch,thetargetofwhichis10wecantreat