大学英语四级翻译专项训练课件

大家好1大家好1大学英语四级翻译专项训练主讲人：缪爽2大学英语四级翻译专项训练主讲人：缪爽2主要问题一、核心语法虚拟语气、定语从句、主语从句、非谓语动词二、固定搭配和常规用法

3主要问题一、核心语法3虚拟语气一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围从句谓语主句谓语与现在事实相反were,didwould(should,could,might)+v.与将来事实相反shoulddo,wereto+v.would(should,could,might)+v.

与过去事实相反haddonewould(should,could,might)+havedone4虚拟语气一、“时态向前推移规律”及其试用范围从句谓语主句谓语例句IwouldcertainlygoifIhadthetime.(与现在事实相反)Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.(与将来事实相反)Shewouldhavecomeifwehadinvitedher.(与过去事实相反)5例句IwouldcertainlygoifIha在错综时间句中谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”Ifyouhadn’twatchedtelevisionsolate,youwouldn’tbesosleepynow.(从去与过去时间相反，主句与现在情况相反)IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.(从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符)6在错综时间句中谓语动词“具体问题，具体分析”6Iftheyhadinformedus,wewouldnotcomeherenow.如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldn’thavebeencaughtintherain.（2009，6月真题）

7Iftheyhadinformedus,wewoThevictimwouldhaveachancetosurviveifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.(2006年12月真题)8Thevictimwouldhaveachance虚拟语气练习1.IfIwereyou,I

anumbrella.(take)2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,I

you.(tell)3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,I

her.(meet)4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,I

tohim.(talk)9虚拟语气练习1.IfIwereyou,I5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,we

skating.（notgo）6.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,I

anengineer,too.(be)7.Ifhewerefreetoday,we

himtoBeijing.(send)8.Ifheknewher,he

her.(greet)105.Iftherewereaheavysnown虚拟语气练习题答案1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtakeanumbrella.2.IfIknewhistelephonenumber,Iwouldtellyou.3.IfIhadgottenthereearlier,Ishould/couldhavemether.4.Ifheshouldcomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtalktohim.虚拟语气练习题答案虚拟语气练习题答案11虚拟语气练习题答案1.IfIwereyou,Iwo5.IftherewereaheavysnownextSunday,wewouldnotgoskating.6.IfIhadworkedhardatschool,Iwouldbeanengineer,too.7.Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.8.Ifheknewher,hewouldhavegreetedher.125.Iftherewereaheavysnown特殊的固定搭配用法一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order.command)四建议(advice.suggest.propose)五要求(demand.require.request.desire.insist)中，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用："should+do"。should可以省略。

13特殊的固定搭配用法一想要(desire)二宁愿(preferTheprofessorrequiredthatwe(should)handinourresearchreportsbyWednesday.(2006年6月真题)Isuggestedheshouldadapthimselftohisnewconditions.(2006年1月真题)14Theprofessorrequiredthatwe定语从句句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句

代替人代替物代替人或物主语whowhichthat宾语whomwhichthat定语whose(=ofwhom)whose(=ofwhich)15定语从句句子成分用于限制性从句或非限制性从句只用于限制性从句关系副词Where的用法在定语从句中作地点状语，代指地点。Potatocanbegrowninplaceswhereitistoocoldtogrowrice.有些太冷不能种水稻的地方，可以种马铃薯。When的用法在定语从句中做时间状语，指代时间。Ishallneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedonthefarm.Why的用法在定语从句中做原因状语。IhavecomearoundtoexplainthereasonwhyIwasabsentfromthemeeting.16关系副词Where的用法16Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是想见你的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）Thebookwhich/thatisonthetableismine.（做主语）Thebookwhich/thatyouboughtyesterdayisgood.(做宾语)Thebookwhosecoverisblueismine.(做定语)17Ishethemanwho/thatwantst关系代词练习Theboyandthedog__areinthepictureareverylovely.Hecamebackforthebook__hehadforgotten.Ourchemistryteacherisaman__canmakehisclasslovelyandinteresting.Mr.Whiteinvitedmanyfriendstohisparty__herespectedmuch.Thisisthepencil__pointisbroken.18关系代词练习Theboyandthedog__a关系代词练习答案Theboyandthedog

thatareinthepictureareverylovely.(先行词既有人又有物，固用that)Hecamebackforthebook

whichhehadforgotten.（which在定从中作宾语，代指主句中的thebook）Ourchemistryteacherisaman

who/thatcanmakehisclasslovelyandinteresting.Mr.Whiteinvitedmanyfriendstohispartywhom/thatherespectedmuch.(whom/that在定从中做respected的宾语)Thisisthepencil

whosepointisbroken.（whose做point的定语）19关系代词练习答案Theboyandthedogth关系副词练习1.Makemarksinplaces__youhavequestions.2.Istillrememberthetime__wefirstmetscoresofyearsago.3.Tellmethereason__youleftme.4.Thatistheday__hewenttocollege.5.Thisistheplace__heusedtolive.20关系副词练习1.Makemarksinplaces_关系副词练习答案1.Makemarksinplaces

whereyouhavequestions.2.Istillrememberthetime

whenwefirstmetscoresofyearsago.3.Tellmethereason

whyyouleftme.4.Thatistheday

whenhewenttocollege.5.Thisistheplace

whereheusedtolive.21关系副词练习答案1.MakemarksinplacesMedicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemsthat/whichtheyhavenosolutionstotillnow/towhichtheyhaven’tfoundanswerssofar.（2008年12月真题）ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.（2007年6月真题）22MedicalresearchersarepainfuTheyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。（做定语）Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作主语）Thepackage(which/that)youarecarryingisabouttocomeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which/that在句中作宾语）23Theyrushedovertohelpthem非谓语动词动词不定式动名词24非谓语动词动词不定式24动词不定式to+动词原型可以理解为“固定搭配”或“常识”Johnsaidthathehadruninordertocatchthebus.Hehatetobemisunderstoodbyothers.We’rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.It’skindofyoutosayso.25动词不定式to+动词原型25动名词动词原形+ing(是名词)时态主动态被动态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone26动名词动词原形+ing(是名词)时态主动态被动态一般式doIamsurethathewillcomeintime.=Iamsureofhiscomingintime.Heisproudthatheisselectedasmonitor.=Heisproudofbeingselectedasmonitor.I’