新教材高中外研版英语选择性必修4课时作业Unit3SectionⅢDevelopingideasPresentingideas

课时作业(九)Unit3SectionⅢDevelopingideas&Presentingideas阅读理解AThereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbeesapartofwhoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamiliesoftenbeesthefortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisasymbolofprideintheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavourcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefromdifferentcountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangesintheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavoursthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.Weshouldnotonlyembraceourheritage(传统)throughourculture'sfood,butalsobeemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportanttorememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,andisspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowonculture,anditshouldbetreatedassuch.1．What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthetext?A．Tohelpmotivatehomesickness.B．Toshowculturalidentity.C．Toreflectacountry'shistory.D．Toshowamunity'ssuperiority.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A．Thespecifictraditionalfood.B．Thenationalculture.C．Atraditionalexpressionoffood.D．Theold­fashionedtaste.3．Whydosomeimmigrantshavetochangetheoriginaldishesintheirrestaurants?A．Toattachculturalimportancetotheirdishes.B．Toannouncethebeginningoftheirlifeonforeignsoil.C．Tomakethedishespopularamongcustomers.D．Topresenttheirownfoodcultureinanewway.4．What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardsdifferentfoodcultures?A．Negative.B．Balanced.C．Unfair.D．Unchangeable.Chrysanthemums(菊花)aretothefallwhattulips(郁金香)aretothespring.InancientChinachrysanthemums(or‘mums’forshort)werefirstplantedthousandsofyearsago.PeoplechosethechrysanthemumastheirflowerforOctober,asymboloftherestandeasethatfollowedtheseason'sfinalharvest.Thentheysymbolizedascholarinretirement(退隐)andwereoneofthefournoble(高贵的)plantsalongwithbamboo,theplumblossom(梅)andtheorchid(兰).TheJapaneseholdthechrysanthemumasasymbolofthesun.Theyconsidertheorderlyunfoldingofitspetals(花瓣)tobeasymbolofperfection.Theyalsothinkthatasinglechrysanthemumpetalplacedatthebottomofawineglassencouragesalongandhealthylife.TheJapaneseevenhaveaNationalChrysanthemumDayonSeptember9knownastheFestivalofHappiness.IntheUnitedStatesduringcolonialtimesmumsgrewsopopularthattheynowreignas“theQueenoftheFallFlowers”.Mumsremainthemostwidelygrownpotplantinthecountryandthelargestmerciallyproducedflowers.Chrysanthemumsgenerallyrepresentcheerfulnessandrest.SotheyareweledthroughouttheBritishIslesandNorthAmericaforanyoccasionsuchasfootballgamesandparties.InothercountriessuchasItaly,BelgiumandAustria,however,theirassociationwiththedeadmakeschrysanthemumsacceptableonlyforfuneralsandgraves.5．WhydidpeopleinancientChinachoosethechrysanthemumastheirflowerforOctober?A．Becauseitisasymbolofhavingamonthofcelebration.B．Becauseitisasymbolofhavingrelaxationafterthehardworkintheharvestseason.C．Becauseitisasymboloflovingthiskindofflowerduringthismonth.D．Becauseitisasymbolofhavinganothergoodharvestthenextyear.6．TheJapaneseconsiderthechrysanthemumasasymbolofthesunbecause________.A．peopleliketheflowerjustastheylikethesunB．theflowerwithitsnicepetalsrepresentsasymbolofperfectionC．peoplefindtheflowerhavingnoperfectpetalswhenitisunfoldingD．theflowerunfoldsitspetalsorderlyjustlikethesun7．MumsarelovednotonlyintheUnitedStatesbutintheBritishIslesastheystandfor________.A．cheerfulnessandrestB．happinessandjoyC．wealthandhealthD．luckandchance8．InsomeEuropeancountriespeopleusechrysanthemumstoexpresstheirfeelingof________.A．regretB．coldC．sorrowD．agreementCHowthelanguagesoftheworldappearedislargelyamystery.Consideringthatitmighthavetakenthousandsofyears,itisattractivetoseehowdeafpeoplecancreatenovelsignlanguagesspontaneously.Interestingly,childrenplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofthesenovellanguages.However,howexactlythishappenedhasnotbeendocumented.Inaseriesofstudies,researchersattemptedtorecreateexactlythisprocess.Childrenwereinvitedtostayintwodifferentroomsandanonlineconnectionwassetupbetweenthem.Afterabrieffamiliarisationwiththeset­up,theresearcherssneakily(偷偷地)turnedoffthesoundandwatchedasthechildrenfoundnewwaysofmunicatingthatgobeyondspokenlanguage.Thechildren'staskwastodescribeanimagewithdifferentthemesinaco­ordinationgame.Withconcretething—likeahammerorafork—childrenquicklyfoundasolutionbyimitatingthematchingaction,forexample,eating,inagesture.Buttheresearchersrepeatedlychallengedthechildrenwithnew,moreabstractpictures.Inthecourseofthestudy,theimagestobedescribedbecamemoreandmoreplex,whichwasalsoreflectedinthegesturesthatthechildrenproduced.Inordertomunicate,thechildreninventedseparategesturesandbegantobinethem—thuscreatingakindofsmalllocalgrammar.Howdoesalanguageeintobeing?Basedonthepresentstudy,thefollowingstepsappearreasonable:First,peoplecreatereferencetoactionsandobjectsthroughsignsthatresemblethings.Thepreconditionforthisisamongroundofexperiencebetweeninteractionpartners.Partnersalsoco­ordinate(协调)byimitatingeachothersothattheyusethesamesignsforthesamethings.Thesignsthusgaininterpersonalandeventuallyconventionalmeaning.Overtime,therelationshipsbetweenthesignsandthingsbeemoreabstractandthemeaningoftheindividualsignsbeesmorespecific.Grammaticalstructuresaregraduallyintroducedwhenthereisaneedtomunicateplexfacts.However,themostremarkableaspectofthecurrentstudiesisthattheseprocessescanbeobservedundercontrolledcircumstancesandwithin30minutes.9．Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheexperiment?A．Bymakingthemunicationintotalsilence.B．Byinferringandcopyingthedocumentedmaterials.C．Byobservingchildrenmunicatingfacetoface.D．Bylisteningsecretlytothemunicationofchildren.10．Whatshouldchildrendointhestudies?A．Showhowtododifferentthingswithdifferenttools.B．Takeseveraloralexaminationsonlanguages.C．Describethingstootherswithoutspokenlanguages.D．Namesomeabstractobjectswhichtheyhaveneverseen.11．Whatistheprocessofcreatingalanguage?A．Signs→Acceptedmeaning→lnterpersonalmeaning→LanguageB．Interpersonalmeaning→Acceptedmeaning→Signs→LanguageC．Acceptedmeaning→Interpersonalmeaning→Signs→LanguageD．Signs→Interpersonalmeaning→Acceptedmeaning→Language12．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thedevelopmentofnovelsignlanguages.B．Theformationoflanguages.C．Therolechildrenplayincreatinglanguages.D．Thecircumstancesoflanguagesingintobeing.课时作业(九)阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了传统食物是文化的重要组成部分，每一道菜都是了解文化的一扇窗户。1．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段中的Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.可知，食物是一种文化身份的表达。故选B项。2．答案与解析：A词义猜测题。根据第二段中的traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture以及Italsooperatesasanexpressionofculturalidentity.可知，it代指的是前面提到的传统的食物。故选A项。3．答案与解析：C细节理解题。根据第三段中的Additionally，immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefromdifferentcountries.以及catertoawiderrangeofcustomers可知，移民们改进他们餐馆里原有的菜肴是为了迎合更多来自不同国家的顾客。故选C项。4．答案与解析：B推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，作者认为我们应该通过传统食物来欣然接受我们的文化传统，通过品尝其他的食物来了解其他文化。所以作者对于食物文化的态度是客观公正的。故选B项。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了菊花在不同国家具有的象征意义。5．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第二段中的PeoplechosethechrysanthemumastheirflowerforOctober,asymboloftherestandeasethatfollowedtheseason'sfinalharvest.可知古代中国人将菊花选作十月之花，因为它象征着在丰收季节辛苦劳作结束后的休息和悠闲，故选B项。6．答案与解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的TheJapaneseholdthechrysanthemumasasymbolofthesun.Theyconsidertheorderlyunfoldingofitspetals(花瓣)tobeasymbolofperfection.可知日本人认为菊花象征着太阳，因为他们把菊花花瓣整齐有序地绽放看作是完美的象征。故选B项。7．答案与解析：A细节理解题。根据第四段中的Chrysanthemumsgenerallyrepresentcheerfulnessandrest.SotheyareweledthroughouttheBritishIslesandNorthAmericaforanyoccasionsuchasfootballgamesandparties.可知在大不列颠岛和北美，菊花在任何场合比如足球比赛和聚会上都很受欢迎，因为它们象征着快乐和休息。故选A项。8．答案与解析：C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知在意大利、比利时和奥地利等