学士建设工程招投标中存在的问题及对策

学号xxxxxxxxxxxxxxXXXXXXXXXXXX本科毕业论文建设工程招投标中存在的问题及对策探讨院（系）名称：XXXX学院专业名称：工程管理学生姓名：XX斜指煮套导洲蹄教爱稍师告缺衡：夜趁挂X绍该誉云X氧X终X宿X倡X兰年毯X抛月午郑盯挪重主冰声蝴虏明誓本间人铺呈富交疯的羡学错位押论薯文舒，成是堪在青导恐师快的厅指益导会下矛，盒独劲立胜进姓行据研她究徒工制作壤所丽取扇得假的优成搬果可，堡所荒有件数平据织、州图慎片它资且料免真惨实具可晴靠给。和尽腥我霉所栏知唯，谷除征文猎中鹿已膝经暮注飘明尸引棵用孟的丹内瓜容愈外扛，记本夹学家位歌论晌文爱的就研覆究培成否果自不消包对含换他命人落享窄有笼著筋作氏权赠的产内影容奴。帅对通本办论广文粮所悲涉抹及春的炉研竖究季工翠作岁做院出谈贡饭献婚的县其绒他培个嫂人仅和唇集丸体犬，理均折已垂在炸文启中唇以蚂明叮确稍的削方肠式粱标根明豆。旷本赚学么位梳论啦文速的注知栏识置产史权奇归矿属素于家X牛X蝇X退X趣X箭学晓院西。齐本跌人盐签裙名示：朱伞那侦浴没族眉日治期忍：妹目佛去录TOC\o"1-5"\h\z\uHYPERLINKsince1999,thecountryandreorganizestheconstructionmarketasthestandardthemarketeconomyorderthekeypoint,eachregionputsinthemassivemanpowerandresourcestolaunchmammothreorganization,alsoinvestigatedsomeleadingcases,howeverfundamentallyhasnotreversedthemorechaoticmarketorder.Theconstructionprojectincursthebidhasbeenconstructsthedomaintomultiplythecorruptionandproducesthecommercialbribevictimizedpersons,Chinaconstructstheconstructionprofessiondevelopmentreportaccordingto(in2006"pointedoutthat2006JanuarytoJuly,thenationProcuratorialagencyaltogetherputsacaseonfileandbegininvestigationsconstructiondomaincommercialbribecriminalcase1608,approximatelycomposesthecommercialbribecriminalcasetotal30%,occursisincurringbidslink'scommercialbribequestiontobemoreserious.Atpresent,theconstructionmarketincursinbidtohavetheproblemthefocalpoint(thisarticlealsomainlytoaimattheseprojectsinthegovernmentinvestmentprojecttomakeanalysis),speciallytheseprojectsareincurringthebidstage“thesafetystrip”,“thecontraryoperation”andsoon,haseliminatedthepotentialtendererfaircompetitionopportunity,simultaneouslygavebadgerhatstoprovidethecorruptfertilesoil.Atpresenttheprojectincurredinthebid“thecontraryoperation”alreadytospreadtoincursbideachlink,andthesinglelinkbehaviorwasalsodifficulttorecognizeillegallytocontrary.Assoonastheconstructionmarketpassedthroughreorganizesmanytimesobtainshasdecidedtheresult,buttheillegalactivitiescarriedoutofficialdutiesarriveatthehiding,fromthefewpeople“contraryoperation”totheentiremoveoftenderprocedureimproper“seriesoperation”,hasformedintheprocedurelegitimateandmateriallyisseepingthecorruption.Thiskindofconditiondoesnotgivetorenovate,thehazardousnatureisbigger,willcausetheconstructionmarkettobeatthenon-benigncompetitioncondition,theharmprofessionhealthydevelopment,andpoisonsthepartyspiritandthesocialconvention.Willincurthequestionwhichinviewoftheconstructionmarketinbidwillexist,thefollowingfromthelawsandregulations,thesystem,thesocialenvironmentaswellasthebuildingproductcharacteristic,aspectsandsoonmoveofbidoperationmechanismanalyzesitsorigin.Atpresent,thearchitecturalengineeringincursthebidbasisthelawsandregulationsismainly"aMoveofTender","Buildingordinance"andtherelatedcommand(hereafterreferstoas“moveofbidlawsandregulations”withthelocalcodeandregulation)."aMoveofTender"someprovisionstipulationitselfleavestheownerortheproxyorganizationelasticspace,ifthe12thtax(tendersvoluntarilyintheprojectownerorprincipal-agentorganization)handlesthetendermattersconcernedtheauthority;The18tharticlesecondsection,20threlateddonothavetheprejudiceprovisionstipulationtothetenderer;The40tharticletheevaluationoftenderscommitteecarriesontheappraisalandthecomparisonprovisiontothetenderdocumentsandsoon.Speakingoftheseprovision'sassurancefromsomekindofsignificance,ishigherthanthelegalrestrainttopartyconcerned'smoralrestraint.Lastyear1inJanuary,theHangzhoumunicipalconstructioncommitteereleased"HangzhouConstructionprojectTenderToactMarketregulationMeans",thegoalwasforthestandardtenderproxyorganizationbehavior.But,theauthordiscoverssometenderproxyorganization,initstenderproxymoves,whatparamountconsiderationisowner'smanner,thenregardingowner'ssubjectivewillformulationcorrespondingtenderdocument,andfromthelaw,thelawsandregulationsdiscoversthebasis,causesitstenderbehaviorlegalization.Inthetenderprocess,thetenderproxyorganizationintelligencerankwhichtheownerchooseswhetherwiththeengineeringprojectsizematch,inthisquestionordinarycircumstancestobeneglectedeasily.Hasapartofownerfordemonstrationtenderfair,fairandtherationality,hastakenthetenderagentowncorruptingpracticesonecovertmethod;Moreover,theproxyorganizationexpensecapriciousnessesandsoontenderdocumentwhich,blueprintgatherstothetendererisquitebig,therefore“thetenderpersonisauthorizedtochoosethetenderproxyorganizationvoluntarily”theexistencebigelasticspace.Atpresent,incursthecompetitivebidtobeintense,thecompetitorscore(synthesisreviewtechnique)thedisparityisweak,thelawprovidessmallelasticspatialimmediateinfluenceevaluationoftendersresult.Iftheevaluationoftenderscommitteetotenderdocuments'appraisalandthecomparison,regardingtenderdocuments'significantdeviationandtheslightdeviation,islowerthanthecostpricetorecognizeisquitefuzzy,hasnotbeenpossibletooperatetherefinementprinciple,dependsontheevaluationoftendersexpert'svocationallevelandthemoralrestraintcompletely.Thereforealsohastheelasticspaceintheappraisalstage."aMoveofTender"theachievementinstructsourcountrytoincurbidthelaw,itmustgiveallquartersmainbodypursueefficiencythespace,butasthegovernmentinvestmentproject,shouldhavesevererrulesandregulations.Thesuggestionneedstofurtherconsummatethecorrespondinglawsandregulationsandthesupervisingmechanism,maximumlimitreducesthelawsandregulationsrelatedprovisiontheflexibility,thejammingcrack,protectsincursbidslitigant'slegitimaterightsandinterests,urgesthelitiganttofulfillthelegalobligationwell,causesittoachievehaslegalsupport,guaranteedthatthetenderworkfairness,maximumlimitreducestheelasticspace.Atpresent,incursthecompetitivebidtobeintense,thecompetitorscore(synthesisreviewtechnique)thedisparityisweak,thelawprovidessmallelasticspatialimmediateinfluenceevaluationoftendersresult.Iftheevaluationoftenderscommitteetotenderdocuments'appraisalandthecomparison,regardingtenderdocuments'significantdeviationandtheslightdeviation,islowerthanthecostpricetorecognizeisquitefuzzy,hasnotbeenpossibletooperatetherefinementprinciple,dependsontheevaluationoftendersexpert'svocationallevelandthemoralrestraintcompletely.Thereforealsohastheelasticspaceintheappraisalstage."aMoveofTender"theachievementinstructsourcountrytoincurbidthelaw,itmustgiveallquartersmainbodypursueefficiencythespace,butasthegovernmentinvestmentproject,shouldhavesevererrulesandregulations.Thesuggestionneedstofurtherconsummatethecorrespondinglawsandregulationsandthesupervisingmechanism,maximumlimitreducesthelawsandregulationsrelatedprovisiontheflexibility,thejammingcrack,protectsincursbidslitigant'slegitimaterightsandinterests,urgesthelitiganttofulfillthelegalobligationwell,causesittoachievehaslegalsupport,guaranteedthatthetenderworkfairness,maximumlimitreducestheelasticspace.Presentstageourcountry'sconstructionsystembasicallystrip,blockdivision.EachImpersonalentityundertakestheprojectowner,andacceptsitshigherauthorityDepartmentresponsiblefortheworkaccordingtotheadministrativesubordinationrelationstosupervise.InordertosolvevariousprojectsImpersonalentity'scompetencelevelproblem,wasincurringthebidstagetointroducethetenderproxysystem,oversawintheconstructionstageinvitationsociety,andcompulsoryacceptedthegovernmenttosupervise.Lookingfromthepractice,theconstructionmarketexistencequestionmajorityisstartsinincursthebidstage,thetenderproxymakestheintroductionnottorealizetheprojecttoincurthetenderproceduretheimplementation“threemale”theprinciple.Investigatesitsreason,isthesystemquestion.Theexistingconstructionsystem,theprojectlegalpeoplearenotintheessentialsignificancelegalperson,itisAlllevelsofthegovernment'sconsignees,theyhavetheelasticitywhichinthelawprovidestoaskspatially,whenperformanceofofficialfunctions(choicetenderproxy,qualificationsexamination,evaluationoftenders,calibration),onlyhasthemoralrestraint,instructsthemfortheorganizationdecision-makingwhichserves.Intheeconomichasasupposition,whentheycanbytheminimumrisk(systemforhimauthority,lawprovideelasticspace)obtainsthepersonalinterestbigrepayment,themoralbindingforceappearsfrail.Inthepracticehadtheprojecttostarttheconditionwhich,thecadrefellfromahorse,realitysomecaseswasexplainingall.Thereforethesuggestionstrengthenstoaspectsurveillanceandsoonowner'stenderbehavior,tenderway,tenderscope,tenderconfigurationoforganization;Simultaneouslystrengthenstoincursthebidproxyorganizationthesupervision,completesactspersonnel'strainingandtheeducation,improvesthepersonnelqualityandtheagentquality.Theoreticallyspeaking,thearchitecturalengineeringtakesthestockcommodity,thecommercialqualityanticipatedcharacteristiccausesthedemandtoworrytothecommercialqualityuncertaintythatwhatthusthecommoditydemand(tenderperson)morepaysattentionisthecommodityproducer(tenderer)credit,achievementandconfidencelevel.Inreality,intheprojectlegalpersonmainbodylayeruponlayeractsinthesituation,constructioncommoditythischaracteristichasprovidedtheverygoodexcusetotheagent.Thegeneralconstructionproduct(mainlyreferstochangedesign),althoughthetechniquecontentisnothigh,butbecauseacontractdetailedlistprojectisnumerous,theprojectimplementationandthesettlementhavecertainexpansion,andtheprojectcostcontrolandbookkeepingprocessinghavetheelasticity,has“theblackprofit”thespace,thisspaceincurredthebidfortheengineeringprojecttoprovide“thesafetystrip”thematerialbase.Inpresent'sconstructionprocess,pricemethodsandsoonwillincreasetheresiliencethroughthedesignalteration,toincreaseorthechangecontent,toraisetoseektheimproperbenefit,willthuscausetheaspectwhichtheconstructionmarketwillformmacroscopicallycompetesexcessively,butthecommoditydemandalsowillhavemicroscopicallytherepelcompetitionintrinsicpower.Ourcountryisinthebuildsocialismmarketeconomytheelementarystep,althoughthemarketeconomyhasoccupiedthedominantpositionintheentiresociallife,butbecauselong-termplaneconomyfunctionresultandtraditionalcultureinfluence,peopleindailyactivitystillheartin“authority”.Althoughtheconstructionproductinvolvestoeachpopulace,butitdoesnotlookliketheelectricalappliancesproduct,thepopulacemayexercisethepurchaseandsurveillance'sauthorityindependently,thecauseelectricalindustrymusttakethegoodfaithmanagementasthebooks,earnsthetrustofthepeople,canobtainthemarketshare.Intherealityconstructstheproductpurchasepowertoconcentrateinthesmallnumberofpeoplehand(tenderperson,agent,evaluationoftendersExpertboard).Becausetheconstructionproductincursthebidcertaincontentsandtheprocessneedstokeepsecret,objectivelycreatedhasnotbeenadvantageousforthesocietytosupervise,reducedthetenderer,becausethefalseinformationcausedthebidriskoffailure.Also,becauseanenterprisethefalseinformationataprojectbiddefeat,asfordoesnotencountersuchreceivesthemarketpursuitlikelyintheWestdevelopedmarketingcountry,thereforethetendererprovidesthefalseinformationtoparticipateinthebidthephenomenonbeingincreasinglyfierce.Dependsonthevisibleconstructionmarket,theuseexistinginformationtechnologydefinitelymaycarryon,comprehensiveauditingaccuratelytothetendererinformation,butasaresultofthenationalunificationgoodfaithinformationplatformconformityworklagintherealitysupervisionneed,alsogave“thesafetystrip”toprovidetheopportunity.Thearchitecturalengineeringincursthebidbehaviortobecomethesocialhotspot,theleadersatalllevelsdepartment,speciallyconstructedtheadministrationDepartmentresponsiblefortheworkandtheadministrativesupervisiondepartmentputinthemassiveenergy,hasmadecertainprogress.Theleadershipassignsthecontractor,flagrantly“thecontraryoperation”thephenomenontoobtainthecontainment,but“thecontraryoperation”thebehaviorcarriedoutofficialdutiesarriveshiddenevadesstillwreakedhavocinincursinbidandputon“legitimately”thecoat,thesephenomenainspiredustopondertheexistingmoveofbidsystem'sdesign.Theauthorbelievedthatbecauseintheconstructionproductcharacteristicandmoveofbidperson'sfactorismoreactive,ifwantsfundamentallytocontainincursinbidtheillegalillegalactivities,mustreduceintheactivitytheartificialintervention6governmentinvestmentprojecttoincurthebidin“threemale”theprinciplefoundation,stressedthatfairfirstgivesdualattentiontotheefficiencytheprinciple,tostridesinthreshold'scontractorintheconcreteoperationtotreatimpartially,incursthebid“thegamerule”toincreasetherandomperfectevaluationoftendersmeansthatguaranteesfairness,causesthegovernmentinvestmentprojectbenefitmaximization.建筑工程招投标中存在问题及成因分析自1999年国家颁布《中华人民共和国招标投标法》以来，国家把建筑市场作为规范和整顿市场经济秩序的重点，各地投入了大量人力物力展开了声势浩大的整顿活动，也查处了一些典型案件，然而并没有从根本上扭转较为混乱的市场秩序。建设工程招投标一直是建设领域滋生腐败和产生商业贿赂的重灾区，据《2006年中国建筑施工行业发展报告》中指出，2006年1月至7月，全国检察机关共立案侦查建筑施工领域的商业贿赂犯罪案件1608件，约占商业贿赂犯罪案件总数的三成，其中，发生在招投标环节的商业贿赂问题更为严重。目前，建筑市场招投标活动中存在问题的焦点在政府投资工程上(本文也主要针对这些工程作出分析)，特别是这些工程在招投标阶段“暗箱操作”、“违规操作”等，剥夺了潜在投标人公平竞争的机会，同时给一些腐败分子提供了腐败的沃土。目前工程招投标中“违规操作”已经蔓延到招投标活动的各个环节，且单个环节行为还较难认定为违法违规。建筑市场经过多次整顿取得了一定成效，但违规行为从公开到隐蔽，从个别人“违规操作”到整个招投标过程不正当的“系列操作”，形成了程序上的合法而实质上渗透着腐败。这种状况不予以整治，危害性更大，将使建筑市场处于非良性竞争状态，危害行业的健康发展，且毒害党风和社会风气。针对建筑市场招投标活动中存在的问题，以下将从法规、体制、社会环境以及建筑产品特点、招投标活动运作机制等方面分析其成因。目前，建筑工程招投标依据的法律法规主要是《招投标法》、《建筑法》及有关部令和地方法规(以下简称“招投标法规”)。《招投标法》有些条款规定本身就留给业主或代理机构弹性空间，如第十二条赋予项目业主(自行招标或委托代理机构)办理招标事宜的权力；第十八条第二款、第二十条有关不得对投标人有歧视性条款规定；第四十条评标委员会对投标文件进行评审和比较的条款等。对这些条款的把握从某种意义上而言，对当事者的道德约束高于法律约束。去年11月份，杭州市建委出台了《杭州市建设工程项目招标代理市场管理办法》，目的是为了规范招标代理机构的行为。但是，笔者发现一些招标代理机构在其招标代理活动中，首先考虑的是业主的态度，然后围绕业主的主观意志制定相应的招标文件，并从法律、法规中找出依据，使其招标行为合法化。在招标过程中，业主选择的招标代理机构资质等级是否与工程项目大小匹配，这个问题一般情况下容易被忽视。有部分业主为显示招标活动的公平、公正和合理性，已把招标代理作为自己舞弊的一种隐蔽手段；另外，代理机构向投标人所收取的招标文件、图纸等费用随意性比较大，所以“招标人有权自行选择招标代理机构”存在较大的弹性空间。目前，招投标竞争非常激烈，竞争对手得分(综合评审法)差距非常微弱，法律提供的微小弹性空间都直接影响评标结果。如评标委员会对投标文件的评审和比较中，对于投标文件的重大偏差和细微偏差、低于成本价的认定比较模糊，没有可以操作的细化法则，完全靠评标专家的业务水平和道德约束。所以在评审阶段也存在弹性空间。《招投标法》作为指导我国招投标活动的法律，它应当给各方主体追求效率的空间，但作为政府投资工程，应有更严厉的规章。建议要进一步完善相应的法律法规和监督机制，最大限度地减少法律法规相关条款的灵活性，堵塞漏洞，保护招投标当事人的合法权益，促使当事人更好地履行法定义务，使之做到有法可依，确保招标工作的公平性，最大限度减少弹性空间。目前，招投标竞争非常激烈，竞争对手得分(综合评审法)差距非常微弱，法律提供的微小弹性空间