英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 5Working the Land第一讲Reading and Thinking 教案

Ifyoufindapathwithnoobstacles,itprobablydoesn’tleadanywhere.太容易的路，可能根本就不能带你去任何地方。ReadingandThinking目标导航目标导航重点词汇1．hybridn．杂交植(动)物；合成物；混合动力车2．yieldn.产量；产出vt.出产(作物)；产生(收益、效益等)vi.屈服；让步3．pollinatevt.授粉；传粉4．strainn.(动、植物的)系；品种；拉伤；压力5．leisuren.闲暇；休闲；空闲6．soiln.泥土；土壤；国土；领土7．celebrityn.名望；名誉；名人；名流8．envisionvt.展望；想象9．sorghumn.高粱；高粱米10．broomn.扫把；扫帚；金雀花11．grainn.谷物；谷粒；颗粒12．crisisn．(pl.crises)危机；危急关头13．boostvt.使增长；使兴旺n.增长；提高；激励14．characteristicn.特征；特点；品质adj.典型的；独特的15．attainvt.(通常经过努力)获得；得到16．conventionaladj.传统的；习惯的17．intenseadj.热切的；十分强烈的；激烈的18．alleviatevt.减轻；减缓词汇拓展1．overcomevt.(过去式overcame，过去分词overcome)克服；解决；战胜2．outputn．产量；输出；输出量vt.(过去式output，过去分词output)输出3．devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于→devotionn．奉献；忠诚；专心→devotedadj.忠诚的4．shortagen．不足；缺少；短缺→shortadj.短的→shortenv．缩短5．convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服→convincedadj.确信的；信服的6．assumptionn．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得→assumevt.假设7．expandvt.&vi.扩大；增加→vt.扩展；发展(业务)→expansionn．扩展；膨胀8．domesticadj.本国的；国内的；家用的；家庭的→domesticallyadv.本国地；国内地9．consumptionn．消耗；消耗量；消费→consumevt.消费；消耗→consumern．消费者10．chemicaladj.与化学有关的；化学的→n.化学品→chemistryn．化学重点词组1．devote...to把……用于；献身；致力，专心2．Becomprisedof由……组成；包括3．Deepdown在内心深处；本质上4．Fulfilone’sdreams实现某人的梦想5．Carefor关心，喜欢；照顾；照料6．Worktheland耕种土地7．Tacklethecrisis处理危机8．Amatterof一个……的问题9．Alifeofleisure悠闲的生活10．Takeon呈现；承担责任；决定做；雇用重点句型1．名词性从句作主语和表语However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortageoffoodtoeat.然而，他最担忧的是农民们的收成不好，有时甚至口粮严重短缺。2．现在分词作时间状语Aftergraduatingin1953，heworkedasaresearcher.1953年大学毕业以后，他成了一名科研人员。3．it作形式主语Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear.据估计，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻让中国农民每年能够生产大约两亿吨大米。知识精讲知识精讲知识点01原文呈现APIONEER①FORALLPEOPLEYuanLongping，knownasthe“fatherofhybrid②rice”，isoneofChina’smostfamousscientists.Yet，heconsidershimselfafarmerbecausehecontinuallyworkstheland③inhisresearch.Indeed，hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevoted④hislife【1】．【1】此处为“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词millionsofChinesefarmers。devote...to...为固定搭配，故介词用to。YuanLongpingwasbornin1930inBeijing.Hisparentswantedhimtopursueacareerinscienceormedicine.However，whatconcernedhimmostwasthatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaseriousshortage⑤offoodtoeat【2】．Totackle⑥thiscrisis⑦，hechosetostudyagricultureandreceivedaneducationatSouthwestAgriculturalCollegeinChongqing.【2】画线部分为主从复合句。其中whatconcernedhimmost为what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作主语；thatfarmersoften...toeat为that引导的表语从句。Aftergraduatingin1953，heworkedasaresearcher.YuanLongpingrealisedthatlargerfieldswerenotthesolution.Instead，farmersneededtoboost⑧yields⑨inthefieldstheyhad.Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.Yuanwasconvinced⑩thattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.Ahybridisacrossbetweentwoormorevarietiesofaspecies.Onecharacteristic⑪ofhybridsisthattheyusuallyattain⑫ahigheryieldthanconventional⑬crops.However，whetheritwaspossibletodevelopahybridofself－pollinatingplants⑭suchasrice【3】wasamatterofgreatdebate.Thecommonassumption⑮thenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.Throughintense⑯effort,Yuanovercame⑰enormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpand⑱theiroutput⑲greatly.【3】画线部分为whether引导的主语从句，在主语从句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式短语todevelop...suchasrice。Today，itisestimated⑳thatabout60percentofdomesticeq\o(○,\s\up7(21))riceconsumptioneq\o(○,\s\up7(22))inChinaiscomprisedeq\o(○,\s\up7(23))ofcropsgeneratedeq\o(○,\s\up7(24))fromYuan’shybridstrainseq\o(○,\s\up7(25))，andhisstrainshaveallowedChina’sfarmerstoproducearound200milliontonsofriceperyear【4】．Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina，butmanyothercountriesthatdependonriceaswell，suchasIndiaandVietnam.Becauseofhisinvaluableeq\o(○,\s\up7(26))contributions，YuanLongpinghasreceivednumerousawardsbothinChinaandabroad.【4】此处it为形式主语，真正的主语是thatabout60...peryear。在that引导的从句中，主语about60percentofdomesticriceconsumption由“百分数＋of＋名词”构成，谓语动词的数应与名词保持一致，因为domesticriceconsumption为不可数名词，故谓语动词用is。generatedfromYuan’shybridstrains为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰crops。GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy【5】，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisureeq\o(○,\s\up7(27)).However，thisisfarfromeq\o(○,\s\up7(28))thecase.Deepdowneq\o(○,\s\up7(29))，Yuanisstillverymuchafarmeratheart.Asamanofthesoileq\o(○,\s\up7(30))hecareslittleforcelebrityeq\o(○,\s\up7(31))ormoney.Instead，hemakeslargedonationstosupportagriculturalresearch.【5】“given＋that从句”表示“考虑到……”，相当于considering(that)．..，引导条件状语从句。WhatimpressespeoplemostaboutYuanLongpingishisongoingabilitytofulfilhisdreams.Longago，heenvisionedeq\o(○,\s\up7(32))riceplantsastallassorghum，witheachearofriceasbigasabroomeq\o(○,\s\up7(33))，andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.Hesucceededinproducingakindofricethatcouldfeedmorepeopleathomeandabroad.Hislatestvisioneq\o(○,\s\up7(34))for“seawaterrice”hasalsobecomearealityeq\o(○,\s\up7(35))，andpotentiallyopenedupeq\o(○,\s\up7(36))nearlyonemillionsquarekilometresofsaltyeq\o(○,\s\up7(37))landinChinaforriceproduction.Despitehisadvancedyearseq\o(○,\s\up7(38))，YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision，andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupeq\o(○,\s\up7(39))next.课文译文造福全人类的先驱者袁隆平被称为“杂交水稻之父”，是中国最著名的科学家之一，但他认为自己是个农民，因为他的研究一直都是在田地里进行。事实上，他瘦削但结实的身躯看起来和他为之奉献一生的千千万万的中国农民一样。袁隆平1930年生于北京，他父母曾希望他从事科学或医学事业。可他最关心的是，农民经常收成不好，有时甚至会严重缺粮。为了应对这一危机，他选择研究农业，并在重庆的西南农学院接受教育。1953年毕业之后，他从事研究工作。袁隆平意识到，更多的耕地并不是解决问题的办法，农民们需要增加他们现有土地上农作物的产量。在当时，如何做到这点是个具有挑战性的问题。袁隆平确信，答案能在研发杂交水稻中找到。杂交作物就是同一物种的两个或多个品种之间的混合。杂交作物的一个特点是它们的产量通常比传统作物(产量)高。然而，是否有可能研发出水稻这样的自花授粉作物的杂交品种，引起了巨大争议。当时的普遍假设是这无法做到。经过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研发出首批可用于农业的杂交水稻。这种杂交水稻让农民极大地增加了产量。据估算，现在中国国内消费的大米有大约百分之六十来自袁隆平的杂交水稻，他的杂交水稻品种让中国农民每年能够生产出大约两亿吨大米。袁隆平的创新不仅为中国，也为许多其他依赖大米的国家，如印度和越南提供了食物。由于他的杰出贡献，袁隆平在国内外斩获了无数奖项。考虑到杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，人们可能认为他会退休享受闲适的生活。然而，事实远非如此。事实上，袁隆平在内心深处依然是一个农民。他是个跟土地打交道的人，毫不在意名或利。相反，他捐出巨资以支持农业研究。袁隆平给人印象最深的是他不断实现梦想的能力。很久以前，他曾设想水稻植株高度比肩高粱，稻穗大如扫帚，稻米大如花生。他成功生产出供国内外更多人口食用的大米。他对“海水稻”的最新设想也已成为现实，有可能将在中国开辟近100万平方公里的盐碱地用于水稻生产。尽管年事已高，袁隆平内心依旧年轻且充满憧憬，人们都在期待他的下个梦想。知识点2devotevt.把……献(给)；把……专用于；专心于Indeed，hisslimbutstrongbodyisjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers，towhomhehasdevotedhislife.的确，他消瘦而结实的身体就像他为之奉献了一生的数百万中国农民一样。devoteoneselfto(doing)sth献身于(做)某事；致力于(做)某事；专心于(做)某事devoteone’slife/time/money/energyto(doing)sth把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于(做)某事devotedadj.忠诚的；深爱的；投入的bedevotedto...对……忠诚；深爱……adevotedfather一位尽职的父亲devotionn.奉献；忠诚；深爱①Hedecidedtotherestofhislifescientificinvestigation.他决定将自己的余生献给科学研究。②Becausehelovesthestudentsandisdevotedwork.因为他热爱学生，并全身心投入工作。③MrsWhite，afriendofmine，allhertimeandenergytohercareer，andhertochildrenmadeusvoteforher.Finally，shewaspromotedtoheadmistress.(devote)怀特夫人，我的一个忠诚的朋友，把她所有的时间和精力都献给了她的事业，她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。最终，她被提升为校长。[链接写作]补全句子④Ifyouhaveajob，itandfinallyyou’llsucceed.如果你有一份工作，务必全身心投入，最终你会成功的。⑤ShemedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.她为中国的妇女和儿童医疗事业贡献了毕生精力。【答案】1.devote，to2.to3.devoted，devoted，devotion4.dodevoteyourselfto5.devotedallherlifeto知识点3convincevt.使相信；使确信；说服Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthecreationofhybridrice.袁隆平相信在杂交水稻的培育中可以找到答案。(1)convincesbofsth使某人相信某事convincesb＋that从句使某人相信convincesbtodosth说服某人做某事(2)convincingadj.令人信服的(3)convincedadj.确信的，坚信的①Idon’tbelievewhatyousaid，butifyoucanproveit，youmaybeabletome.我不相信你所说的，但是如果你能证实它，那你或许能够说服我。②Theofficialswereeagertothesafetyofthenuclearreactors.官员们急于说服我们，核反应堆是安全的。③I’vebeentryingtoconvinceJean(come)withme.我一直在设法说服琼跟我一起来。④Thegovernmentistryingtothepublicit’sgettingtoughoncorruption.政府正设法让公众相信，它正在严惩腐败。[链接写作]补全句子⑤Hetriedtomeofthetruthofthenewsbuthecouldn’tprovideproof.Therefore，itseemedthathedidn’tspeak．(convince)他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。⑥Ihehaslearnedfromhismistakes.我深信他已从错误中吸取了教训。⑦IMrMatthews’guilt.我不相信马修斯先生有罪。【答案】1.convince2.convinceusof3.tocome4.convince，that5.convince，convincing，convincingly6.amconvincedthat7.wasn’tconvincedof知识点4assumptionn．假定；设定；(责任的)承担；(权利的)获得Thecommonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedone.当时人们普遍认为这是不可能的。makeanassumption作出假设ontheassumptionthat...假设……assumevt.假定；假设；认为Itisassumedthat...假定……；人们认为……①Whereunemploymentandcrimearehigh，thelatterisduetotheformer.在失业率和犯罪率高的地方，我们可以假定后者是由前者造成的。②Hisargumentsarefulloffalse(assume)．他的论据尽是些不正确的假设。③Itwasimpossibletomakeaboutpeople’sreactions.臆断人们的反应是不可能的。④We’reworkingontheassumptioneveryoneinvitedwillturnup.我们假定了每一个人都会应邀出席，并且正就此作出安排。[链接写作]补全句子⑤Thereweremanybigtechnologycompanieswithgoodresources.Ijustoneofthemwoulddoit.有很多大的科技公司都有好的资源，我只是假设其中一个大公司会做这件事。⑥thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevoluntarywork.人们认为，那些把志愿者的角色看成是他们个人身份中很重要的一部分的人最有可能会继续做志愿者工作。【答案】1.itcanbeassumedthat2.assumptions3.assumptions4.that5.assumed6.Itwasassumedthat知识点5overcomevt.(overcame，overcome)克服；解决；战胜；受到……极大影响Throughintenseeffort，Yuanovercameenormoustechnicaldifficultiestodevelopthefirsthybridricethatcouldbeusedforfarmingin1974.通过不懈的努力，袁隆平克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年培育出了第一种可用于农业生产的杂交水稻。overcometheenemy战胜敌人overcomethedifficulties克服困难beovercomebycuriosity受好奇心驱使①Youwillsurelyneedtosomedifficulties，someplanned，butmostunplanned.你肯定需要克服一些困难，有些是已经预料到的，但大多数是未预料到的。②Thehometeamthevisitingteam.主队战胜了客队。③Thedeadwomanhadbeenovercomesmoke.这个女人是被烟呛死的。[链接写作]补全句子④Mollyhadfoughtand．莫莉已经努力克服了对飞行的恐惧。⑤Wecan，howevergreat.不管多大困难，我们都能克服。【答案】1.overcome2.overcame3.by4.overcomeherfearofflying5.overcomeanydifficulty知识点6estimatevt.估计；估价；估算n．估计；估算Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains...今天，据估计，中国国内消耗的稻米中的大约百分之六十是由袁隆平的杂交水稻生产的农作物组成……(1)beestimatedtobe/have估计Itisestimated＋that...据估计(2)ataroughestimate粗略估计，粗略说来(3)underestimatev.低估estimationn.估计；评价，判断①Hehasgonedownconsiderablyinmy.我对他的评价已经大大降低了。②Youcancosts.你可以粗略地估计一下成本。③Icangiveyoutheamountofwoodyouwillneed.我可以粗略估计一下你所需要的木材量。④Iestimatehisage(be)about30.我估计他的年龄大约30岁。[链接写作]补全句子⑤thattheprojectwilllastfouryears.据估计这项工程将持续四年。⑥Thetreeatleast700yearsold.这棵树估计至少有700年了。【答案】1.estimation2.makearoughestimateof3.aroughestimateof4.tobe5.Itisestimated6.isestimatedtobe知识点7comprisevt.包括；包含；由……组成Today，itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcropsgeneratedfromYuan’shybridstrains...据估计，目前中国国内消费的大米有约60%是由袁隆平的杂交水稻品种生产的……becomprisedof包括；包含；由……组成consistof/bemadeupofconsistof没有被动语态，相当于comprise这个单词的用法。①Thehousetwobedrooms，akitchen，andalivingroom.这座房子有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室。注意这几个词(组)作后置定语时的表达，例如“这座有两间卧室、一间厨房和一间起居室的房子已经出售”：②Thehousetwobedrooms，akitchen，andalivingroomhasbeensold.③Thehousetwobedrooms，akitchen，andalivingroomhasbeensold.④Thehousetwobedrooms，akitchen，andalivingroomhasbeensold.⑤Thehousetwobedrooms，akitchen，andalivingroomhasbeensold.[链接写作]一句多译委员会由知名的登山运动员组成。⑥Thecommitteeiscomprisedofwell－knownmountaineers.⑦Thecommitteeismadeupofwell－knownmountaineers.⑧Thecommitteeconsistsofwell－knownmountaineers.⑨Thecommitteecompriseswell－knownmountaineers.【答案】1.consistsof/ismadeupof2.comprising3.comprisedof4.consistingof5.madeupof知识点8makeuseof利用；使用Thenbusinessmendecidedtomakeuseofittogrowgreenvegetablestomeetincreasingconsumptiondemands.商人们决定利用它来种植绿色蔬菜，以满足日益增长的消费需求。makeuseof意为“使用，利用”。use前可用表示程度的单词(如good，full等)修饰，构成makegooduseof(好好利用)，makefulluseof(充分利用)，相当于makethebestof，makethemostof。①YoumusteveryopportunitytopracticespokenEnglish.你一定要利用每个机会来练习英语口语。②Peopleshouldtheirtimetodosomethingmeaningful.人们应该充分利用他们的时间做有意义的事情。[名师提醒]若把makeuseof的宾语提前，句子用被动语态。注意保留介词of，并且of后面常用动词不定式作目的状语。③Everyopportunityshould(make)fulluseoftolookforajob.应该好好利用每个机会去找工作。与名词use相关的其他搭配：[链接写作]用use的相关搭配补全句子④Myadvicewilltoyouinthefuture.我的忠告将来会对你很有用。⑤Thatmethodhasonlyrecently.那种方法只是最近才开始使用的。⑥telephoninghim.Heisnotwillingtocome.给他打电话没用。他不愿意来。⑦Asuccessfulpersoncanthathecomesacross.一个成功的人能够充分利用他所遇到的机会。【答案】1.makeuseof2.makefulluseof3.bemade4.beofgreateintouse6.It’snouse7.makefulluseofthechances知识点9GiventhatYuan’shybridshavemadehimquitewealthy，onemightthinkhewouldretiretoalifeofleisure.鉴于袁隆平研发的杂交水稻已经让他很富有，有人可能会认为他会退休去过悠闲的生活。(1)givenprep.考虑到；鉴于(2)giventhat＝consideringthat考虑到，鉴于(considering既可作连词，也可作介词)(3)inviewof鉴于；考虑到；由于①they’reinexperienced，they’vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们缺乏经验，他们的工作已经做得不错了。②herinterestinchildren，sheseemsfitfortheteachingjob.考虑到她喜欢孩子，她似乎适合这份教书的工作。③Youhandledtheprojectverywell，yourinexperience.考虑到你缺乏经验，你对这个项目的处理已经很好了。④(consider)thatheisonly5yearsold，thechildisquitetall.考虑到这个孩子只有5岁，他很高了。[链接写作]补全句子⑤ThechallengeisallthemoreseriousrequiredtobikefromFrancetoPoland.(consider)考虑到从法国骑行到波兰所需的高强度练习，挑战更加严峻。⑥Thelargerbrainsmaynotbebetter．考虑到代价，更大的大脑也许不会更好。⑦Itcanbeconcludedthatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables，”．结论得出鉴于“不好的”桌位是可盈利的，餐厅管理人不需要“过于担心‘不好的’桌位”。【答案】1.Giventhat2.Given3.considering4.Considering5.consideringthedemandingexercise6.given/consideringthecost7.given/consideringthatthey’reprofitable知识点10Longago，heenvisionedriceplantsastallassorghum，witheachearofriceasbigasabroom，andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.很久以前，他设想了一种像高粱一样高的水稻，这种水稻的每一条稻穗都像扫帚一样大，每一个稻粒都像花生一样大。Longago时间状语，he主语envisioned谓语riceplants宾语Astallassorghum宾语补足语，witheachearofriceasbigasabroom，andeachgrainofriceashugeasapeanut.with复合结构with复合结构with复合结构的构成：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主动或被动关系。with复合结构在句中可作定语和状语。①Helayinbed．他躺在床上，蒙着头。(作状语)②，it’stimetobuywarmclothes.冬天来了，该买暖和的衣服了。(作状语)③Ican’tgoout．所有这些餐具都要清洗，我不能出去。(作状语)④，we’vegotmoreroom.由于约翰不在，我们有更多的空间了。(作状语)⑤Andersonwaslyingonthebed．安德森和衣而卧。(作状语)⑥TherewasaletterforLanny．兰尼有一封贴着瑞士邮票的信。(作定语)[链接写作]在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式⑦Theypretendedtobeworkinghardallnightwiththeirlights(burn)．⑧Thegirlsattherequitesilentandstillwithhereyes(fix)onthewall.⑨Withtheelectricity(cut)off，allthemachinesstoppedworking.⑩Withsomuchhomework(do)，Ihavetostayuptonight.⑪Heusedtosleepwiththewindows(open)．⑫Themanagerwasveryworriedwithsomanyproblems(settle)．⑬Withsomanypeople(communicate)inEnglisheveryday，itwillbecomemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.【答案】1.withhisheadcovered2.Withwintercomingon3.withallthesedishestowash4.WithJohnaway5.withallhisclotheson6.withaSwissstamponit7.burning8.fixed9.cut10.todo11.open12.tomunicating分层提分分层提分题组A基础过关练Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Afterseveralyearsofstudyandpractice，he(达到)fluencyinEnglishnow.2．Agronomists(农学家)allovertheworldaredoingresearchinordertodevelopnewvarietiestoincreasegrain(产量)．3．Oneofthemostimportantwayswe(产生)energyisthroughourbreath.4．Whenordinarypeoplestoppedworryingaboutfood，theybegantofocusmoreongoodlooksandhappy(休闲)time.5．Youshouldn’tmakean(假定)that’snotbasedonanyfact.6．Muchtomydelight，myvocabularyhasbeen(增加)agreatdealsinceIcamehere.7．TraditionalChinesepaintings’stylesarecloserto(现实)andeasiertounderstandwhilemostWesternmodernpaintingsaretoodifficulttounderstand.8．Criticalthinkershavethecouragetochallenge(传统的)thinkingwhilemostofustendtofollowitblindly.【答案】1.attains2.yields3.generate4.leisure5.assumption6.expanded7.reality8.conventionalⅡ.单句语法填空1．ItisSamuelMorsewhoisconsidered(invent)whatiscalledthetelegraphnow.2．He，myfriend，istohisworkandhistotheworkisadmirable.(devote)3．Youngeradultswhogeteitherlittlesleeporalotofitmayseeagreater(expand)intheirwaistlines(腰围)overtime.4．isestimatedthatmenhavetakenoverthemainhomemaker’sroleinone－seventhofthehomes，asincreasingnumbersofwomenbecomethemainbreadwinners.5．Toworkoutasolutiontotheproblemofwater(short)，wehavetoputalloureffortstogether.6．Ifyourwatersupplyislimited，don’teat(salt)foodsbecausetheywillmakeyouthirsty.7．Outwardly，sheseemedconfidentbutin(real)shefeltextremelynervous.8．Whileworkingoutdoors，Tomwas(overcome)bytheheatandfelltotheground，unconscious.【答案】1.tohaveinvented2.devoted，devoted，devotion3.expansion4.It5.shortage6.salty7.reality8.overcomeⅢ.选词填空becomprisedof，deepdown，befarfrom，fulfilone’sdream，openup1．MariuszKedzierski，a27－year－oldPolishartist，wasbornwithoutarms，buthestillmanagedtoofdrawingrealisticpaintings.2．Manyonlineserviceschargingconsumershighprices.Onthecontrary，theyarefreeofcharge.3．Einstein’stheoryofrelativityseemedhardtobelievewhenhefirstintroducedit，butitreallyanewareaofstudy.4．，wewanttobelievethathardworkandvirtuewillleadtosuccesswhilelazinessandevilwillleadtoruin，sowegoaheadandchangetheworldtomatchthoseexpectations.5．Thesalesnetworkretailoutlets(零售专卖店)andchainstores.【答案】1.fulfilhisdream2.arefarfrom3.openedup4.Deepdown5.iscomprisedofⅣ.补全句子1．Thesemeasureswillbetterenableusandpromoteeconomicrecoveryandgrowth.(tackle)这些措施将更好地让我们能够应对当前的危机，促进经济的复苏和增长。2．Ifwewanttoprotecttheenvironment，wemustclarifytheproblemand．(convince)如果我们想保护环境，我们必须阐明问题并说服人们采取行动。3．Tocompletethishugetask，about10milliondollarswillbeneeded.(estimate)为了完成这项艰巨的任务，估计大约需要1000万美元。4．inthepastfewyears，itishardlysurprisingthatthereexistsafoodshortage.(given)鉴于人口在过去几年里增长快速，存在食物短缺的现象就不足为奇了。【答案】1.totacklethecurrentcrisis2.convincepeopletotakeaction3.itisestimatedthat4.Giventhatthepopulationhasincreasedrapidly题组B能力提升练课文语法填空YuanLongping，knownasthe“fatherofhybridrice”，wasbornin1930.1.____________(learn)thatfarmersoftenhadpoorharvestsandsometimesevenhadaserious2.____________(short)offoodtoeat，hechosetostudyagricultureandgraduatedfromSouthwestAgriculturalCollegein1953.Sincehisgraduation，Yuan3.____________(devote)hislifetofindingwaystoproducemorerice.Throughintenseeffort，heovercameenormoustechnical4.____________(difficulty)todevelopthefirsthybridrice5.____________couldbeusedforfarmingin1974.Thishybridenabledfarmerstoexpandtheiroutput6.____________(great)．Today,7.____________isestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriceconsumptioninChinaiscomprisedofcrops8.____________(generate)fromYuan’shybridstrains.Yuan’sinnovationhashelpedfeednotjustChina，butmanyothercountriesthatdepend9.________________riceaswell.ThoughYuan’shybridshavemadehimquite10.____________(wealth)，hedoesn’tleadalifeofleisure.Instead，hedonatesmuchmoneytosupportagriculturalresearch.Despitehisadvancedyears，YuanLongpingisstillyoungatheartandfullofvision，andeveryoneiswaitingtoseewhathewilldreamupnext.1.Learning【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，且主语he与learn之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式，故填Learning。2．shortage【解析】考查名词。根据空前的形容词serious及冠词a可知，此处应填名词形式，表示“短缺”，故填shortage。3．hasdevoted【解析】考查动词的时态。根据Since可知，此处应用现在完成时，主语Yuan为第三人称单数，故填hasdevoted。4．difficulties【解析】考查名词的数。句中difficulty表示“困难，难事”，为可数名词，且空前有enormous修饰，故填复数形式。5．that【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，其先行词为thefirsthybridrice，因为先行词被序数词修饰，所以只能用关系代词that而不能用which。6．greatly【解析】考查副词。空处修饰动词expand，应用副词修饰。7．it【解析】考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子的形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，故填it。8．generated【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，8.________(generate)fromYuan’shybridstrains作后置定语修饰crops，且generate与crops之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词形式，故填generated。9．on【解析】考查介词。dependon为固定搭配，意为“依赖”。10．wealthy【解析】考查形容词。句意：虽然杂交水稻使袁隆平变得相当富有，但他并没有过着闲适的生活。由句意及空前的副词quite可知，空处应填形容词形式，故用wealthy表示“富裕的”。语法填空TeaVillagesinChinaInmostChineseteavillages，Marchisthetimeofyearinwhichlocalsstarttopickandprocesstea.The1.____________(usual)quietvillagessuddenlybecomebusycentersofactivity，aspeopletakeoutspecialtoolsandprepare2.____________teaprocessing.Insomevillages，localresidentsholdtraditionalceremonies，3.____________(thank)heavenforitsblessing.Thepriceoftea4.____________(pick)inMarchisextremelyhighbecause5.____________isfresh，tenderandcontainsmultipletraceelements(微量元素)．China6.____________(be)famousforteaproductssinceancienttimes.Ofthegoodstransportedandtradedalong7.____________ancientSilkRoadlinkingChinatotheMiddleEastandEurope，onlysilkcouldmatchtheimportanceoftea.Chinaproducesoolong，black，green，white，yellow8.____________darktea.Theoolong，greenandblack9.____________(vary)aremostnotablefortheirhighquality.MostofteavillagesinChinaarefoundinremotemountainousareasinthecountry’ssouthandsouthwest，10.____________thebeautifulsceneryisoftenhiddenunderclouds.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国的茶园村庄。到了每年三月，这些村庄就忙碌着开始采茶和制茶。中国从古时候开始就以茶叶生产而闻名，有很多品种。1．usually【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词quiet只能用副词。2．for【解析】考查介词。preparefor意为“为……做准备”。3．thanking【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处现在分词短语作伴随状语，和主句主语localresidents之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故用v.－ing形式。4．picked【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处过去分词短语作后置定语修饰名词tea，pick和所修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。故填picked。5．it【解析】考查代词。it指代上文出现的茶叶。6．hasbeen【解析】考查时态。根据本句的时间状语sinceancienttimes可知，本句应用现在完成时。故填hasbeen。7．the【解析】考查冠词。ancientSilkRoad为普通名词构成的专有名词，其前需要用定冠词the，故填the。8．and【解析】考查连词。此处是举例说明中国茶叶种类的，是并列关系。故填and。9．varieties【解析】考查名词。名词作主语。此处表示种类而且不止一种，故用varieties。10．where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处是一个非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中充当地点状语。故用where。题组C培优拔尖练完形填空BothGladysandherdaughterGracelikeddancing.Theyoftendanced，