英语人教版高中选择性必修一（2019新编）Unit 3 Fascinating Parks 第三讲Grammar and Writing 教案

Alwaysbearinmindthatyourownresolutiontosucceedismoreimportantthananyonething.要随时牢记在心：决心取得成功比任何一件事情都重要。GrammarandWriting语法语法精讲Grammar——动词－ing形式作主语语法感知1．Eventhoughthesunisbrightlyshining，tellingwhetheritismorningornightisimpossible.2．Gettinghereisquitedifficult，soapartfromtheSamiveryfewpeoplehaveeverseenSarek.3．Forhundredsofyears，lookingafterreindeerwasawayoflifefortheSami.4．Beinginsuchabeautifulandwildplacemakesmefeelblessedtobealive.【自主发现】1．动名词由动词变化而来，动名词的意义往往是表示某个动作或某件事情。2．单个的动名词(短语)作主语时，句子的谓语动词需要用单数。语法精讲一、动词－ing形式的时态和语态1．动词－ing形式通常有以下几种变化形式(以do为例)：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式doingbeingdone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone2.动词－ing形式的时态意义(1)动词－ing形式的一般式多用于表示一般情况，其所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后。Ienjoylisteningtoclassicalmusic.我喜欢听古典音乐。(一般情况)Sheimaginedfindingawalletonthesidewalk.她想象着自己在人行道上发现了一个钱包。(同时)Hesuggestedstudyingscience.他建议学习科学。(稍后)(2)动词－ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。Hewaspraisedforhavingdoneagooddeed.他因为做了件好事而受到表扬。3．动词－ing形式的语态动词－ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，动词－ing形式的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。Heinsistedonsendinghertohospital.他坚持要把她送到医院去。(执行者)Sorry，Ididn’tmeantolosemytemper.Ijustcan’tstandbeingmisunderstood.对不起，我并不是存心要发脾气。我只是受不了被误解。(承受者)单句语法填空①(understand)yourownneedsandstylesofcommunicationisasimportantaslearningtoconveyyouraffectionandemotions.②Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore，hecangoshoppingwithout(recognize)．【答案】1.Understanding2.beingrecognized二、动词－ing形式作主语1．动词－ing形式作主语的功能及基本用法功能：动词－ing形式作主语时，多表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词多用单数形式。Usingcocaineincreasestheuser’sheartrateandbloodpressure.使用可卡因会加快使用者的心率并使血压升高。Wastingaperson’stimeisthesameaskillinghimforhisproperty.浪费别人的时间无异于谋财害命。[名师提醒]意义不同的两个动词－ing形式并列作主语时，谓语动词需用复数形式。ListeningtotheEnglishtapesandwatchingEnglishfilmsaregoodwaystolearnEnglish.听英文磁带和看英文电影是学英语的好方法。2．形式主语it代替动词－ing形式作主语Itisnousetalkingtohim—hewon’tlisten.跟他谈没有用——他不会听的。Itisawasteoftimetalkingaboutsuchuselessthings.谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。[名师提醒]it作形式主语代替动词－ing形式的常用句型(1)Itis/feelsfunnydoingsth做某事(感觉)很有趣Itisuselessdoingsth做某事无用Itisworthwhiledoingsth做某事是值得的(2)It’sawasteoftimedoingsth做某事是浪费时间(3)It’snogood/nouse/nofundoingsth做某事没好处/没用/没意思(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空①(learn)tothinkcriticallyisanimportantskilltoday’schildrenwillneedforthefuture.②(eat)toomuchfatisnogoodforyourhealth.③It’sawasteoftime(try)topersuadesuchaperson.④Itisnouse(write)tohim；heneveranswersletters.(2)补全句子⑤aninterestingandrewardingexperience.沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣、有意义的经历。【答案】1.Learning2.Eating3.trying4.writing5.TravelingalongtheoldsilkRoadis三、动词－ing形式的否定形式动词－ing形式的否定形式通常是在其前加not，带有逻辑主语时，not应放在逻辑主语和动词－ing形式之间。Notknowinghowtouseacomputermakesitmoredifficultforhimtodohisacademicresearch.不知道如何使用电脑使他更难进行学术研究。Nothavingdonehishomeworkmakestheteacherangry.未完成他的作业让老师很生气。补全句子①(没买那条贵裙子)causesthecoupletoquarrel.②(未能通过考试)madehimdisturbed.【答案】1.Notbuyingtheexpensivedress2.Notpassingtheexam四、动词－ing形式的复合结构动词－ing形式的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动词－ing，即“sb/sb’s＋doing”构成。动词－ing形式的复合结构实际上是给动词－ing形式加了一个逻辑主语。动词－ing形式的复合结构有四种形式：·形容词性物主代词＋动词－ing形式·名词所有格＋动词－ing形式·代词宾格＋动词－ing形式·名词＋动词－ing形式Hercomingtohelpencouragedallofus.她来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。(＝Thatshecametohelpencouragedallofus.)Mary’s(不可用Mary)beingillmadehermotherupset.玛丽病了，这使她妈妈很着急。动词－ing形式的复合结构在句中作主语时，不能用代词的宾格和名词的普通格形式。补全句子①madehisteacherveryangry.他又一次迟到使他的老师非常生气。②causedsomuchtrouble.简的粗心大意造成了太多的麻烦。【答案】1.Hisbeinglateagain2.Jane’sbeingcarelessness随堂练习Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Itisnogood(say)suchuglywordstohim.2．(laughat)iswhatIhatemost.3．(bath)makesthebabysmellunpleasant.4．Plantingmanytrees(be)verygoodforourenvironment.5．isawasteoftimepersuadingsuchapersontojoinus.6．(educate)inBeijingUniversityisthedreamofmanystudents.7．(receive)areplymadethemanagerworried.8．But(use)cheesebrine(盐水)couldhelpbothcheeseproducersandcitiessavemoney.9．Buildingupadreamteam(be)morecomplexthansimplyhiringthebesttalent.10．It’snouse(complain)withouttakingaction.【答案】1.saying2.Beinglaugheda3.Notbeingbathed4.is5.It6.Beingeducated7.Nothavingreceived8.using9.is10.complainingⅡ.补全句子1．arguingwithhim.和他争论真是浪费时间。2．inthemorningmadehimlateforclass.他早上起晚了，这导致他上课迟到了。3．makesmefailtostudying.我哥哥弹吉他使我无法专心学习。4．bythelocalvillagermadeusfindthestrangecavequickly.在当地村民的引路下，我们很快找到了那个奇怪的山洞。5．It’snogood．整天在床上睡觉没有好处。6．isaverygoodhabit.饭后散步是一个很好的习惯。7．isnotapleasurebutasuffering.在这种环境中工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。8．hishomeworkallowshimtoturnontheTV.做完作业后，他就可以打开电视了。【答案】1.It’sawasteoftime2.Hisgettinguplate3.Mybrother’splayingtheguitar，getdownto4.Havingbeenledtheway5.sleepinginbedallday6.Walkingafterameal7.Workinginthisenvironment8.Havingfinished语法填空Theworldisacolorfullandscapeofdifferentlanguages，skincolorsanddifferentcultures.It’simportanttodevelopan1.____________(appreciate)fordifferentculturesinordertobecomeawell－roundedpersonwhois2.____________(sense)totheuniquequalitiesofothers.Onewaytodevelopthispleasureistotrytolearnaboutotherculturesaroundtheworld.Thereareseveralwaystobecomeknowledgeableaboutdifferentcultures.Onewayistoreadbooks3.____________(write)byauthorsfromdifferentcultures.4.____________(read)worksbyauthors5.__________________haveacloserelationshipwithonespecificcultureallowspeopletogainanauthenticglimpseintothefood，music，language，religion，andwayoflifeof6.____________particulargroupofpeople.Forexample，whenateacher7.____________(wish)toexposeherstudents8.____________adifferentculture，shewilloftenreadthemstoriesbasedonthatculture.9.____________(learn)aboutvarioustribesofNativeAmericans，shemayreadstudentsbookslikeTheRough－FaceGirlbyRafeMartin.ShemayinviteNativeAmerican10.____________(storyteller)tovisittheclassroomsostudentscanlistentoauthentictalesfromthatparticularculture.【语篇解读】世界是不同语言、不同肤色、不同文化构成的多彩风景。培养对不同文化的欣赏能力很重要，其中一个方法是阅读来自特定文化的作者写的书。阅读这些作品可以让人们真正地了解特定人群的饮食、音乐、语言、宗教和生活方式。1．appreciation【解析】考查词性转换。根据设空处前的不定冠词an可知，设空处应用名词。2．sensitive【解析】考查词性转换。besensitiveto为固定搭配，意为“对……敏感/感受力强的”。故填sensitive。3．written【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词，设空处应用非谓语动词形式；设空处和books构成逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式作定语。故填written。4．Reading【解析】考查非谓语动词。________worksbyauthors在句中作主语，设空处应用动名词形式，且位于句首，故填Reading。5．who/that【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为authors，指人，且在从句中作主语。故填who/that。6．a【解析】考查冠词。agroupof为固定搭配，意为：“一群……”。故填a。7．wishes【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处描述一般事实，应用一般现在时，且主语为ateacher，设空处应用第三人称单数形式。故填wishes。8．to【解析】考查介词。expose...to...为固定搭配，意为“使……接触……”。故填to。9．Tolearn【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，设空处在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，且位于句首。故填Tolearn。10．storytellers【解析】考查名词单复数。storyteller意为“(尤指给儿童)讲故事的人”，为可数名词；根据句意可知，此处表泛指，指不止一个会讲故事的人，应用复数形式。写作园地写作园地Writing——介绍旅游景点一、写作特点写旅游景点介绍类文章首先要按照一定的结构顺序(时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序等)和模式(先总后分、由整体到局部、由概述到细节等)来展开。其次，文章要重点突出，详略得当。写作时不一定要面面俱到，应重点描写该旅游景点的特别之处，突出其特色(如其独特的风景、历史文化、地理风貌、风土人情、传说故事、民族习俗或名胜古迹等)，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。最后，语言要生动、富有感染力，使读者有身临其境之感，且产生强烈的旅游欲望。二、写作步骤在写这类文章时，通常有以下几个步骤：首先，整体介绍景点，例如它基本的地理位置或人文环境；其次，具体介绍其代表性的历史价值或突出的人文特色等；最后，总结概括并吸引读者前去旅游。在语言特点上要注意：第一，时态多用一般现在时；第二，方位词要准确运用，过渡词要恰当；第三，遣词造句要简洁，不可过分渲染或模棱两可。1．介绍旅游景点地理位置(1)表示“位置”的句型①...is/lies＋地点状语位于……②...belocated/situated＋地点状语坐落于……(2)表示“海拔”的句型...lies/is＋数词＋metresabovethesealevel.……海拔……米。2．介绍某地旅游景点(1)列举“风景名胜”①Therearemanyplacesofinterest，suchas...这里有许多名胜，比如……②...hasmanyplacesofinterest，amongwhichis...……有许多名胜，其中就有……(2)表述地区特色①...isfamous/well－knownfor...……因……而闻名。②...isfamous/well－knownas...……作为……而闻名。③...becoveredwith...……为……所覆盖。④...bemadeupof/consistsof...……由……组成。3．介绍旅游景点历史背景①...hasalonghistoryof...years.……有……年的历史。②...isa．..place/countrywith...history.……是拥有……历史的地方/国家。③...datesbackto/datesfrom...……可以追溯到……年代。假定你是秦皇岛市的一名中学生李华，请根据以下要点向准备来你校作交换生的英国同学介绍一下位于秦皇岛旅游区著名的河北海滨国家森林公园。要点：1．位于秦皇岛市北戴河区，占地1，600多公顷；2．森林茂密，栖息着多种珍稀动物，鸟类380余种，占河北省鸟类总数的90%多；3．欢迎游览。注意：1.词数100左右：2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：公顷hectare第一步审题谋篇体裁说明文时态以一般现在时为主主题介绍森林公园的主要特色人称以第三人称为主布局1.简要介绍位置和主要特色2．欢迎游览第二步要点翻译1．河北海滨国家森林公园在中国是一个极好的旅游景点。HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisan__incredible__tourist__attractioninChina.2．它是一个以茂密的森林和大量珍稀动物，特别是各种鸟类资源而闻名的公园。It__is__a__park__best__known__foritsthickforestandabundanceofrareanimals，especiallyvarietiesofbirds.3．它以其令人叹为观止的美吸引着来自世界各地的游客。It__appeals__to__touristsfromallovertheworldwithitsbreathtakingbeauty.4．你会发现在这儿的旅行是令人愉快且有益的。Youwillfind__your__triphereenjoyable__and__rewarding．第三步词句升级1．用过去分词作状语改写句子HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkislocatedinBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity.ItisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.→Located__inBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity，HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.2．用现在分词作状语改写句子Theparkcoversmorethan1，600hectaresandishometoover380varietiesofbirds.→Covering__more__than__1，600__hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds.3．用定语从句改写句子Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds.Theyaccountformorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.→Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds，which__account__formorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.4．用动名词短语作主语改写句子Youshouldtakeawalkinsuchaforest.Itisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.→Taking__a__walkinsuchaforestisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.第四步连句成篇LocatedinBeidaiheDistrict，QinhuangdaoCity，HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisanincredibletouristattractioninChina.Itisaparkbestknownforitsthickforestandabundanceofrareanimals，especiallyvarietiesofbirds.Coveringmorethan1，600hectares，theparkishometoover380varietiesofbirds，whichaccountformorethan90%ofthewholeamountofbirdkindsinHebeiProvince.Itappealstotouristsfromallovertheworldwithitsbreathtakingbeauty.HebeiCoastalNationalForestParkisthoughttobeamustforbirdwatchers.Takingawalkinsuchaforestisnotjustatimeforrelaxation.Youwillfindyourtriphereenjoyableandrewarding.假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Nick将于八月来湖北旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点的情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。旅游资源许多著名的风景名胜，如黄鹤楼(位于武昌蛇山，江南三大名楼之一)；三峡大坝(对灌溉和发电起着重要的作用)；东湖；赤壁等等。相关信息气候适宜，交通方便注意：1.词数100左右，信的格式及开头已为你写好(不计入总词数);2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：黄鹤楼theYellowCraneTower；三峡大坝theThreeGorgesDam；赤壁theRedCliffDearNick，I’mgladtohearthatyou’recomingtoHubeiinAugust.Yourssincerely，LiHua【参考范文】DearNick，I’mgladtohearthatyou’recomingtoHubeiinAugust.You’vemadeawisechoicetotravelhere.Asweallknow，HubeiProvinceisrichintouristattractionsandhasmanyworld－famousplacesofinterest，suchastheYellowCraneTower，theThreeGorgesDamandtheRedCliff.TheYellowCraneTower，locatedontheSnakeHillinWuchang，isoneofthe“ThreeFamousTowersSouthoftheYangtzeRiver”．TheEastLakeinWuhaniswell－knownforitsbeautifulscenery，whereyoucantakeadipandgoboating.AnotherattractionistheThreeGorgesDamwhichplaysanimportantpartinirrigationandproducingelectricity.Besides，theniceweatherandconvenienttransportherecanmakeyourtripmoreenjoyable.I’msureyou’llhaveagoodtime.Iamlookingforwardtoyourarrival.Yours__sincerely，Li__Hua分层提分分层提分读后续写阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。Alittlegirlwhoseparentshaddiedlivedwithhergrandmotherandsleptinanupstairsbedroom.Onenighttherewasafireinthehouseandthegrandmotherdiedwhiletryingtorescuethechild.Thefirespreadquickly，andthesituationwasterrible.Neighbourscalledthefiredepartment，andthenstoodhelplessly.Theywereunabletoenterthehousebecauseflamesblockedalltheentrances.Thelittlegirlappearedatanupstairswindow，cryingforhelp，justaswordsspreadamongthecrowdthatthefirefighterswouldbedelayedafewminutesbecausetheywereallatanotherfire.Suddenly，amanappearedwithaladder，putitupagainstthesideofthehouseanddisappearedinside.Whenhereappeared，hehadthelittlegirlinhisarms.Hedeliveredthechildtothewaitingarmsbelow，andthendisappearedintothenight.Aninvestigationrevealedthatthechildhadnolivingrelatives，andweekslaterameetingwasheldinthetownhalltodeterminewhowouldtakethechildintotheirhomeandbringherup.Ateachersaidshewouldliketoraisethechild.Shepointedoutthatshecouldensureheragoodeducation.Afarmerofferedheranupbringingonhisfarm.Hepointedoutthatlivingonafarmwashealthyandsatisfying.Othersalsospoke，givingtheirreasonswhyitwastothechild’sadvantagetolivewiththem.Finally，thetown’srichestresidentroseandsaid，“Icangivethischildalltheadvantagesthatyouhavementionedhere，plusmoneyandeverythingthatmoneycanbuy.”Throughoutallthis，thechildremainedsilent，withhereyesfixedonthefloor.“Doesanyoneelsewanttospeak？”askedthemeetingchairman.Amancameforwardfromthebackofthehall.Hewalkedslowlyandappearedtobeinpain.注意：续写词数应为150左右。Whenhegottothefrontoftheroom，hestooddirectlyinfrontofthelittlegirlandheldouthisarms.