chemistry-in-daily-life-生活中的化学(英语论文)

ChemistryindailylifeAnintroductionChemistry

isanatural

science,

mainlysearchthe

materialcomposition,

properties,

structureandchanging.

It

istheprimarymethods

torecognizingandrebuildingthephysicalworld.Our

dailylifeisvarious,

richandcolorful.

With

theimprovementofpeople'slife,

moreandmorepeoplepreferhealth,

highqualitylife.People's

basiciscloselyrelatedto

Chemistry.Itcanbesaidthat

wecannotlivewithoutchemistry.Modernchemistryincludinginorganicchemistry,organicchemistry,physicalchemistry,analyticalchemistryandpolymerchemistry.(无机化学、有机化学、物理化学、分析化学与高分子化学).ApplicationinthebasicnecessitiesoflifeTheuseofiodizedsalt.Iodineisanessentialnutritionalelement,long-termiodinedeficiencycanleadtobigneckdisease,intakeiodizedsaltisthemostsimple,economic,effectivemethodtotreatthisdisease.Iodizedsaltcontainingsodiumchloride(氯化钠)andpotassiumiodate（碘酸钾）.Potassiumiodateprovidetheiodinethathumanbodyneeds,butthepotassiumiodateisnotstableandeasytodecomposewhenitistobeheatedorlight,thusaffectingtheintakeofiodine.Sowhenwecookingshouldpayattentiontothat:afteraddingsaltweshouldtakeoutthefoodquickly,notlongtimetostewedorstirfired.Nowthemost

convenientmeansoftransportation

istheautomobile,

butthecar

willproduce

alotofexhaustemissions

intheprocessofrunning.Whatkindofharmdoescarexhaust

has

tohumanhealth?Carbonmonoxideisacolorless(无色),odorless（无臭）,tasteless（无味）,

andnonirritating（无刺激性）toxicgas.Itwiththeair

throughthelungs

intothebloodcirculation,

combinedwiththehemoglobin(血红蛋白)intheblood,reducingtheoxygencarryingcapacityofredbloodcells,effectsofrespiration

andheart,

brainfunction.Longterminhalationofnitrogenoxides

candestroythelung

tissue(肺组织),nitrogenoxides

can

causetissue

hypoxia（缺氧）andinjurythe

systemictissue.Nowadays,

theadditiveischemicalsynthesis

thatcanimprovefoodquality,

prolongthepreservationperiodoffoodinordertoquickenfoodprocessingand

increasefood

nutrition.Forexample,acidityregulator,colorprotectingagent,enzymepreparations,flavoringagent,anticakingagent,defoamingagent,antioxidant,bleach,leaveningagent,preservative（防腐剂）,sweetener，thickenerandflavor(香料).Now

althoughhouseprices

risingalltheway,

butpeoplestill

continuetostruggle

forthehouse,sothe

renovationofhousing

hasbecome

amust.Afterthedecoration,housecanproducetoxicsubstancesuchasformaldehyde,

benzeneand

radon.TheWorldHealthOrganizationhas

identifiedthatformaldehydeisthecarcinogenic（致癌的）andteratogenic(致畸形的)substances.Thedetergentispreparedaccordingtospecialformulawithdecontaminationperformanceproducts.Detergentvariety,differentuses,themaincomponentsaresurfactant(表面活性剂)anddetergentauxiliary（洗涤助剂）.Surfactantisakindofsubstancealthoughtheconsumptionisfewbuthassignificanteffects.Theycanreducethesurfacetensionofwater,towetting,solubilization,emulsificationanddispersion.Detergentcanmakethesurfaceactiveagentintofullplayactivity,therebyimprovingthewashingeffectofthematerial.Cannotbecookedtofucalciumoxalatetogetherwithspinachisthehumanbodycannotabsorbdeposits.Spinach,onions,bambooisrichinoxalicacid,sodiumoxalate,calciumsaltcontainsmoretofu,suchascalciumsulfatecomposition.Thesesubstancescanoccurmetathesisreaction,generatecalciumoxalateprecipitationandothersubstances.Fromamedicalpointofview:don'tspinachandtofu,onions,bambooshootsandmixededible,willgeneratecalciumoxalateprecipitation,istheincentivetoproducethestone;fromthenutritionalpointofview,mixedediblewilldestroythenutritionalcontentoftheir.Harmofaluminum3,aluminumonhumanhealthhasalwaysbeenregardedasnon-toxicelements,powder,fermentedaluminizedfluffyagentisusedinlargewaterpurificationagentetc..Butrecentresearchshowsthat,aluminumcandisruptthebody'smetabolism,slowcauseharmtohumanhealth,itstoxicitycausedbyslowanddifficulttodetect,however,toxicityoncemetabolicdisordersareseriousconsequences.Antialuminumpoisoning,shouldpayattentiontolifereducetheentranceofaluminum,suchaseatingfrieddoughsticks,drugtreatmentofgastricavoidaluminumhydroxidereagent.Eatlessaluminumproductspackagedfood.(3),moderateuseofaluminumproducts,toavoidprolongedcontactbetweenfoodordrinkingwaterandaluminumproducts.NewenergyandnewmaterialsGreenchemistryisalsocalled"environmentallyfriendlychemistry","environmentalfriendlychemistry","clean"chemistry,greenchemistryisnearlytenyearstoproduceanddevelop,isa"newchemicalbaby".Itrelatestoorganicsynthesis,catalysis,biochemistry,analyticalchemistryandotherdisciplines,extensivecontent.Thebiggestcharacteristicofgreenchemistryisontheuseofpollutionpreventionandscientificmeansatthebeginning,sotheprocessandterminalarezeroemissionorzeropollution.Manycountriesintheworldhave"oneofthemaindirectionofchemicalgreen"asthenewcenturychemicalprogress.Theuseofchemicaltechnology,theprincipleandmethodtoeliminatetohumanhealth,safetyandenvironmentaltoxicandhazardouschemicals,andthereforealsoknownasenvironmentalfriendlychemistryorcleanchemistry.Infact,greenchemistryisanewscience.Greenchemistryisnotonlyasignificantsocial,environmentalandeconomicbenefits,butalsothatthenegativeeffectofchemicalisavoided,showthepeople'sinitiative.Greenchemistryreflectstheinterdependenceandinteractionofchemicalscience,technologyandsociety,istheproductofeffectofchemicalsciencehighlydevelopmentandsocialdevelopmentofchemistry,thechemistryitselfisanewstagearrival.Asthenewcenturygeneration,chemicalshouldnotonlyhavetheabilitytodevelopnew,moreenvironmentallyfriendly,inordertopreventchemicalpollution;andlettheyoungergenerationknowthegreenchemistryandgreenchemistry,acceptandmakeduecontributiontothegreenchemistry.Humanconsumed70%oftheenergy

fromfossil

(fossilfuel)combustion,

withthedevelopmentofsociety

and

theimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard,

moreand

moreenergybeneeded,

but

it

willalso

impactthesurroundingenvironmentand

fossilfuelswilleventuallydryup.

Tosolvetheenergy

problem,

oneisto

improvetheawarenessofenergyconservation.Anotheris

toactivelydeveloprenewable

cleannewenergy

(greenenergy),

whichisthekey

tosolvetheenergy

shortageandenvironmentalpollution.

Thecurrentnew

energymainlyhas:solarenergy,

nuclearenergy,

windenergy,

oceanenergy

(tidal)

andgeothermalenergy.

Accordingtotheconditionsofourcountry,

weshouldpromotethedevelopmentof

hydropower(水电)andnuclearpower.Fromthehistoryofthedevelopmentof

modernscienceandtechnology,

thematerial

isoftenthekeyto

restrictingthedevelopment,

alongwiththedevelopmentof

newenergytechnology,

spacetechnology,

lasertechnology,informationtechnology,

modernbiological

technology,

computerscience,modernscienceandtechnology

inurgentneedof

manynewmaterialswithspecialfunctions,

synthesis

andapplicationofnewmaterials

andgivebirthtonew

technologyrevolution.

Newmaterials

canbedividedinto

anewtypeofinorganicmaterials

and

neworganic

syntheticmaterial.Anewtypeofinorganicmaterials

accordingtotheirusecanbe

dividedintostructuralmaterialsandfunctional

materialstwo

categories.

Structuralmaterialsmainlytheuseofmechanical

andphysical

andchemical

propertiesofmaterialsmaterials,

especially

withtheexcellentperformanceof

hightemperatureresistance,

chemicalcorrosionresistance,

heatshockresistance

etc.

insomeextremeconditions,

arewidelyusedinmachinery

manufacturing,

construction,transportationandenergy

ofvariousindustrial

departments.

Functionalmaterials

istheuseof

materials

ofheat,

light,

electricity,

magneticproperties,usedinelectronics,

laser,

communication,

energyandbioengineeringandother

fieldsofadvancedtechnology.

Thelatestdevelopmentof

functionalmaterialisan

intelligentmaterialmaterial,

which

hasthefunctionof

self

repairfunction,judgingenvironment

andtime

axisfunction,

peoplecalled

smartmaterialsarethe

materials

intwenty-firstCentury.

Nomaterials

inrecentyearsdevelopment

and

application,

is

anewtypeoffunctionalmaterial.Synthetic

organicpolymermaterials

arechemicallytoinorganicor

organiccompounds

madeof

simple

organiccompoundswith

complexstructuresandspecial

excellentproperties.

Theneworganic

syntheticmaterialswith

lowdensity,

highstrength,elasticity,

plasticity,

insulationand

corrosionresistanceandsoon,

therefore

intheindustryandagriculture,defense,transportationconstruction,

medical

anddailylife

hasawideapplication.

Nowscientistshaveto

synthesis

ofsomespecial

physicalandchemicalproperties

ofnew

organicmaterials.Forexample,

withgoodinsulationperformance

oforganichighmolecularcompound,

canmake

theoxygaeninthewater

throughand

organichighpolymercompound

water

impermeable

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