现代大学英语精读2单词

现代大学英语精读2Unit1Accomplishmentn.theactoffinishingsth.completelyandsuccessfully;achievementAcquirev.togain;togetforoneselfbyone'sownworkArrogantlyadv.behavinginaproudandself-importantwayArtn.art,music,theatre,literature,etc.whenyouthinkofthemasagroup(统称)艺术;fine~美术Aspirinn.阿司匹林（解热镇痛药）Assumev.totakeasafact;tosupposeAvailableadj.abletobeusedoreasilyfoundAveragev.tocalculatetheaverageofsth.;~out其平均数为Beanpolen.(infml)averytallandthinpersonBulln.amalecowCertifyv.tostatethatsth.istrueorcorrect,esp.aftersomekindoftestCivilizedadj.educatedandrefined;havinganadvancedcultureClientn.apersonwhopaysforhelporadvicefromapersonororganizationContainv.tohavesth.InsideoraspartofitContinuityn.thestateofbeingcontinuousCyaniden.氰化物Democraticadj.basedontheideathateveryoneshouldhaveequalrightsandshouldbeinvolvedinmakingimportantdecisions民主的Disastern.asuddeneventsuchasaflood,storm,oraccidentwhichcausesgreatdamageorsuffering.Here:acompletefailureDrugstoren.(AmE)ashopwhichsellsmedicine(andavarietyofotherthings)Employv.(here)tospendtimedoingsth.Enrollv.toofficiallyarrangetojoinaschooloruniversityEssencen.themostimportantqualityorfeatureofsth.;in~本质上Expertisen.skillinaparticularfieldExposev.toenablesb.toseeorexperiencenewthingsorlearnaboutnewbeliefs,ideas,etc.Facultyn.(AmE)alltheteachersofauniversityorcollegeFragmentn.asmallpieceofsth.Generatev.toproduceGrindv.tocrushintosmallpiecesorpowderbypressingbetweenhardsurfacesHipn.thefleshypartofeithersideofthehumanbodyabovethelegsHumanityn.thequalitiesofbeinghumanImplicitlyadv.inanimpliedway含蓄地Incompetencen.lackoftheskillorabilitytodoyourjoborataskasitshouldbedone无能Inevitableadj.certaintohappenandimpossibletoavoidIntellectn.powerofthought思维能力Inventv.toproduceordesignsth.thathasnotexistedbeforeLiteraladj.inthebasicmeaningofawordMaintainv.tocontinuetohaveasbeforeNeanderthaln.anearlytypeofhumanbeingwholivedinEuropeduringtheStoneAgeNeverthelessadv.inspiteofthat;yetPeculiaradj.belongingonlytoaparticularperson;special;oddPenetratingadj.showingtheabilitytounderstandthingsclearlyanddeeplyPestn.(infml)anannoyingpersonPharmacyn.ashopwheremedicinesarepreparedandsold.Here:thestudyofpreparingdrugsormedicinesPhilosophyn.thestudyofthenatureandmeaningofexistence,reality,etc.哲学Physicistn.ascientistwhostudiesphysics物理学家Pilln.asmallsolidpieceofmedicinethatyouswallowwhole;~grinding药剂碾磨Presidev.tolead;tobeincharge;~over主持Professionaladj.relatingtotheworkthatapersondoesforanoccupation,esp.workthatrequiresspecialtrainingPursuitn.theactoftryingtoachievesth.inadeterminedwaypush-buttonadj.usingcomputersorelectronicequipmentratherthantraditionalmethodsqualifiedadj.havingsuitableknowledgeorexperienceforaparticularjobraisev.(AmE)tocareforachildoryounganimaluntilitisabletotakecareofitselfrearv.tocareforapersonorananimaluntiltheyarefullygrownresourcesn.possessionsintheformofwealth,property,skills,etc.thatyouhave资源savagen.anuncivilizedhumanbeingscrolln.Here:acertificateofanacademicdegreesemestern.oneofthetwoperiodsintowhichtheyearisdividedinAmericanhighschoolsanduniversities(=terminBrE)sensitiveadj.abletounderstandorappreciateart,musicorliteratureshudderv.toshakeuncontrollablyforamomentskilln.particularabilityortypeofabilityspecializev.tolimitallormostofone'sstudytoparticularsubjectsspecialist专家speciesn.(infml)atype;asortspecimenn.(here)apersonwhoisunusualinsomewayandhasaqualityofaparticularkindspiritualadj.relatedtoyourspiritratherthantoyourbodyormindstorev.tokeepstuckadj.notknowingwhattodoinaparticularsituation;be~for因为……而不知所措sufficev.tobeenoughunaidedadj.withouthelpfromanyoneoranything独立的Unit5Advocatev.tosupportanideaoraplanpubliclyAmusementn.enjoymentAntiqueadj.beingoldandthereforevaluableAutomaticadj.AutomaticTellerMachine(ATM)自动取款机Battlefieldn.aplacewhereabattleisbeingfoughtorhasbeenfought战场Bicentennialn.thedayoryearexactly200yearsafteraparticulareventBriefingn.ameetingordocumentinwhichpeoplereceiveinformationorinstructions;news~新闻发布会Burstn.ashortperiodofaparticularactivityorstrongemotionthatoftenstartssuddenlyCabinetn.apieceoffurniturewithdoors,shelvesordrawersforstoringthings;medicine~药橱Carriagen.awheeledvehicle,especiallyaprivatehorse-drawnvehicleCDn.abbr.for“compactdisk,”asmalldiskonwhichsoundorinformationisrecordedCheckerboardn.aboardonwhichchessandcheckersareplayed,dividedinto64squaresoftwoalternatingcolors棋盘，方格图案Classicadj.acceptedordeservingtobeacceptedasoneofthebestormostimportantofitskind经典的Compressv.toforceintolessspace压缩Condensev.toputintoasmallerorshortenedform紧缩;缩小Confederateadj.belongingtoapoliticalunionofstates;theConfederatearmy美国内战时期的南方军队Consistv.~of:tobeformedfromthethingsorpeoplementioned由……组成Constantlyadv.(AmE)allthetime;repeatedly始终;一直地Conveniencen.theconditionofbeingsuitabletoone'sneedsandeasytoreachCreditn.~card:asmallplasticcardthatyoucanusetobuygoodsorservicesandpayforthemlater信用卡Currentadj.(AmE)ofthepresenttime;~events时事Deferv.todelayuntilalaterdateDietn.alimitedrangeandamountoffoodyoueatwhenyouwanttogetthinnerDigestn.ashortpieceofwritingthatgivesthemostimportantfactsfromabook,report,etc.文摘Dotsn.(pl.)smallroundmarks小点Excerptn.ashortpieceofwriting,music,film,etc.takenfromalongerwholeExitn.awayoutofapublicbuildingorvehicleExplorev.totraveltooraroundanareainordertolearnaboutitEyewitnessn.apersonwhohasseenacrime,accident,etc.andcandescribeitafterwards目击证人Faxv.totransmit(printedmatteroranimage)byelectronicmeans发传真Featurelessadj.uninteresting,withoutnoticeablefeaturesFixn.(imfml)asolutiontoaproblemesp.aneasyortemporaryone;quick~即时解决方案Flashv.topassveryquicklyGorgeousadj.(infml)verybeautifulorattravtiveGratificationn.satisfactionGratifyv.topleaseorsatisfyGuaranteedadj.be~to:tobecertaintoHerdn.agroupofanimalsofonekindwhichlivesandfeedstogetherIcebergn.alargepieceoficefloatinginthesea,mostofwhichisbelowthesurfaceIgnorev.nottotakenoticeofInfectv.topassonadiseasetosb.;tocorruptInterstaten.averywideroadforlongdistancebetweenUSstatesLakesiden.theareaaroundtheedgeofalakeLanen.thetwoorthreeparallelareasonamainroadwhicharedividedbypaintedlinestokeepfastandslowtrafficapart;thefast~快车道Latestadj.themostrecentornewest最新的Lifestylen.thewayapersonoragroupofpeoplelivesandworksLingerv.tostayalittlelongerbecauseyoudonotwanttoleave;~over徘徊于……Liposuctionn.theremovaloffatfromsb'sbodybymeansofsuction脂肪抽吸(术)Microwaven.ahigh-frequencyelectromagneticwave微波(炉)Miraclen.(infml)aneventthatcannotbeexplainedaccordingtothelawsofnature;~diet速效减肥食谱Mphn.abbr.formilesperhourOutletn.ashopthroughwhichproductsaresold;here:（工厂附设的）门市部Overnightadv.duringthenight;(hereinfml)suddenlyPastoraladj.typicalofthesimplepeacefullifeinthecountry田园风光的Paycheckn.asalarycheckPennsylvanian.astateoftheeasternUnitedStatas宾夕法尼亚州Polaroidn.atrademark宝丽来(一次成像的照相机)predigestedadj.(ofinformation)putinasimpleform经过简化、压缩的qualityadj.ofahighstandard;~time(尤指和孩子一起度过的)宝贵时光;优质时间rackn.货架;offthe~(AmE)现成的rearn.~-viewmirror:amirrorinwhichadrivercanseethetrafficbehind后视镜reducev.tomakesth.lessorsmallerinsize;be~dto缩小成……refreshv.tomakesb.feellesstiredorlesshotrevitalizev.toputnewstrengthandpowerintorouten.thewayfromoneplacetoanotheronamapsaladn.amixtureofrawvegetablesorfruitscalen.aninstrumentforweightingpeopleorthings秤sceneryn.naturalsurroundingsinbeautifulandopencountryscreenn.thesurfaceofacomputerdisplay电脑屏幕skimv.tomovethrough(life)quickly,hardlytouchingthesurfaceslidev.topassbyquietlywithoutbeingnoticed;~by溜过去speedv.tomakesth.moveorhappenfaster;~outofcontrol疯狂加速到失去控制spicyadj.(food)havingapleasantlystrongtaste辛辣的stuffv.(infml)tofillacontainerorspacewithsth.;(here)toeatalotoffoodortoomuchfoodsubtleadj.hardlynoticeableunlessyoupaycarefulattention微妙的superficiallyadv.onthesurface;notdeeplyorthoroughlysupermarketn.alargeshopwhereacustomercanchoosefromalargenumberofdifferentkindsoffoodorothergoodssymbolicallyadv.Relatingto,orexpressedbymeansofsymbols象征性地symphonyn.amusicalworkforalargegroupofinstruments交响乐themen.ashortsimpletunethatisrepeatedanddevelopedinapieceofmusic乐曲主题tourv.tovisitforpleasureturnpiken.(AmE)alargeroadforfasttraffic,esp.onethatdrivershavetopaytouse收费公路urgen.astrongwishforsth.VCRn.abbr.forvideocassetterecorder录像机Versionn.aslightlydifferentformofsth.(book,film,story,etc.)formtheoriginal版本Wanderv.towalkslowlywithoutapurposeWestVirginian.astateofthewesternUnitedStates西弗吉尼亚州Unit6Abandonv.toleaveaperson,athingorplace,esp.becauseitisimpossibletostaywiththepersonorstayattheplaceAccumulationn.thestateofgettingmoreandmoreofsth.overaperiodoftimeAttachedadj.fullofaffectionforsb./sth.Attachmentn.astrongfeelingofaffectionforsb./sth.;form~产生感情Barbed-wireadj.ofwirehavingabarborbarbs带刺铁丝的Binocularsn.aninstrument,liketwosmalltelescopesfixedtogether,thatmakesobjectsthatarefarawayseemnearerwhenyoulookthroughit双筒望远镜Blissfuladj.extremelyhappyBrimv.(ofacup,container,etc.)tobesofullofaliquidthatitflowsovertheedge;~over溢出Bugn.(esp.AmE)anysmallinsectCarvev.towritesth.onasurfacebycuttingit;~dstone石雕Castlen.ancient~古城堡Cathedraln.themainchurchofadistrictofadistrictunderthecareofaBishop(=apriestofhighrank)Clumsilyadv.oflackingphysicalcoordination,skill,orgrace;awkwardly笨拙地Danglev.tohangorswingfreely;~fromone’sneck在……脖子上挂着Definitelyadv.awayofemphasizingsth.thatistrueandthatthereisnodoubtaboutitDenseadj.containingalotofpeople,things,plants,etc.withlittlespacebetweenthem茂密的，浓密的Easen.thestateoffeelingrelaxedorcomfortable;putsb.at~使舒适;使感到自在Echov.torepeat(asound)bythereflectionofsoundwavesfromasurface发出回声;起反响，起共鸣Familiarityn.thestateofknowingsb.orsth.wellFascinatedadj.veryinterestedFellowadj.usedtodescribesb.whoisthesameasyouinsomeway;~students同学Fortressn.abuildingorplacethathasbeenstrengthenedandprotectedfromattackFossiln.theremainsofananimalorplantwhichhavebecomehardandturnedintorockFrailadj.physicallyweakandthinFrontv.toserveasafrontfor装饰……的正面;glass-~edcase以玻璃罩面的书柜Gamekeepern.apersonwhosejobistotakecareofthewildanimalsonapieceofprivateland猎场看守人Glimpsev.toseesb./sth.foramoment,butnotveryclearlyGlowv.toshinewithasoftcolor;~pinkly发出粉红色的光Hikev.togoforalongwalkinthecountryHolyadj.importantinareligioussense神圣的Identifyv.torecognizesb./sth.andbeabletosaywhoorwhattheyareIllustrationn.adrawingorpictureinabook,magazine,etc.,esp.onethatexplainssth.Immenseadj.extremelylargeorgreatInsectn.anysmallcreaturewithsixlegsandabodydividedintothreepartsInstinctivelyadv.byinstinctInvisibleadj.cannotbeseenIvoryn.ahardyellowish-whitesubstancelikebonethatformsthelongteethofelephantsandsomeotheranimals;figuresof~象牙雕刻的人物Impenetrableadj.impossibletobeentered,passedthroughorseenthrough难以渗透的Inclinedadj.tendingtodosth.;less~tolaugh不喜欢笑;不想笑Laureln.abushwithdarksmoothshinyleavesthatremainonthebushandstaygreenthroughtheyear月桂树Legacyn.asituationthatexistsnowbecauseofevents,actionsthattookplaceinthepast遗留的东西，遗产Majoradj.largeorimportantMunchv.toeatsth.steadilyandnoisily,esp.sth.crispyNetworkn.acomplicatedsystemofroads,lines,tubes,nerves,etc.thatcrosseachother;a~ofpaths交织的小路Nicknamen.aninformal,oftenhumorous,nameforaperson绰号Oddsandendsn.(infml)smallitemsthatarenotvaluablesorarenotpartofalargestset零星物件Overseasadv.toorinaforeigncountry;go~出国Patchworkn.athingthatismadeupofmanydifferentpiecesorparts拼成的图案或其他物件Pheasantn.alargebirdwithalongtail,themaleofwhichisbrightlycolored野鸡Pillarn.alargestone,metalorwoodenpostthatisusedtosupportabridge,theroofofabuildingPotentialn.thepossibilityofsth.happening潜在性，可能性Practicallyadv.almost,verynearlyPrivateadv.oppositeofpublic,enjoyedonlybyaparticularpersonoragroup,notforeveryone;~paradise僻静的天地Proceedv.tomoveortravelinaparticulardirectionPropertyn.landandthebuildingonit房地产Regardingprep.Concerningsb./sth.Rewardingadj.worthdoing;thatmakesyouhappybecauseyouthinkitusefulorimportant;~friendship使人受益匪浅的友谊Roamv.towalkortravelaroundanareawithoutanydefiniteaimordirection;~thewoods林间散步Rocketv.tomoveveryfast;~off突然飞出去Rustlev.tomakesoundslikeleavesorpapermovingorrubbingtogether发出树叶的沙沙声Seeminglyadv.inawaythatappearstobetruebutmayinfactnotbe;~different貌似不同Shortbreadn.(BrE,alsoshortcake)arichcrispybiscuit/cookiemadewithflour,sugar,andalotofbutter黄油甜酥饼干Soccern.(AmE)footballSouln.aperson’sinnercharactercontainingtruethoughtsandfeelingsStingv.(strung,strung)tohurtormakesth.hurtwithasuddensharppainforashorttime;~one’seyes刺眼Surroundv.tobearoundsth./sb.oneverysideSuspectv.tothinkthatsth.isprobablytrueorlikelytohappenTartn.anopenpiefilledwithsweetfoodsuchasfruit;jam~果酱派Tomen.(fml)alargeheavybook,esp.onedealingwithaserioustopicTrespassv.toenterlandorabuildingthatyoudonothavethepermissionortherighttoTrunkn.thethickmainstemofatreeTutorv.toteachTwittern.aseriesofshorthighsoundsthatbirdsmakeVaultedadj.madeintheshapeofanarchoraseriesofarches;havingaceilingorroofofthisshape拱形的Vergev.tobeveryclosetoaplaceWaryadj.carefulwhendealingwithsb./sth.becauseyouthinkthattheremaybeadangerorproblemWelln.adeepholeinthegroundfromwhichpeopleobtainwater;~ofknowledge知识的源泉Wistfuladj.thinkingsadlyaboutsth.thatyouwouldliketohave,esp.sth.inthepastthatyoucannolongerhaveWoodlandn.anareaoflandthatiscoveredwithtreesWown.(infml)exclamationusedtoexpressgreatsurpriseoradmirationWrenchv.topullortwistsuddenlyandviolentlyUnit10Absorbv.totakeinaliquid,gasorothersubstancefromthesurfaceorspacearoundADabbr.(AmE)usedintheChristiancalendartoshowaparticularnumberofyearsincetheyearChristwasbelievedtohavebeenborn公元Bakeryn.aplacewherebreadismade/soldBandn,agroupofpeoplewhodosth.togetherBayn.apartofthesea,orofalargelake,enclosedbyawidecurveoftheshoreBeetlen.aninsect,oftenlargeandblack,withahardcaseonitsbackcoveringitswingsBoardv.togetonaship,train,plane,bus,etc.Branchv.~out:todivideintomorepartsClattern.aseriesofloudshortnoiseswhenahardobjecthitsagainstanotheroneonsurfaceCloudburstn.asuddenheavyrain倾盆大雨Clusterv.tocometogetherinasmallgroupofgroupsCollapsev.tofalldownorfallinsuddenlyColumnn.atall,solid,verticalpost,usu.roundandmadeofstoneCramv.topushsb./sth.intoasmallplaceCraterv.alargeholeinthetopofavolcanoCrouchv.toloweryourbodyclosetothegroundbybendingyourlegsunderyouDescendv.tocomeorgodownfromahigherleveltoaloweroneDoomn.deathordestructionDriftv.tomovealongsmoothlyorslowlyinwaterorairEruptv.toemergeviolentlyfromrestraintorlimits;toexplodefromthevolcanoExplosionn.thesuddenviolentburstingandtheloudnoiseofsth.Fleev.(fled,fled)toleaveapersonoraplaceveryquicklyGrazev.(ofcow,sheep)toeatgrassgrowinginafield,pasture,etc.Harborn.anareaofwateronthecoast,protectedfromtheopenseabystrongwalls,whereshipscanstayHoofn.thehardpartofthefootofsomeanimals,e.g.horsesHuddlev.(ofpeopleoranimals)togathercloselytogetherHurlv.tothrowviolentlyinaparticulardirectionInnn.(AmE)asmallhotelIntactadj.completeandnotdamagedJarn.aroundcontainerwithalidusedforstoringfood,etc.;wine~酒缸Loafn.(pl.loaves)anamountofbreadthathasbeenshapedandbakedinonepieceMediterraneanadj.oftheregionsurroundingtheMediterraneanSea地中海的Mightyadj.verystrongandpowerfulMonoxiden.一氧化物Nightmaren.anexperiencethatisveryfrighteningandunpleasantOverwhelmv.tocoversb./sth.completelyPerishv.tobelostordestroyedPoisonousadj.causingdeathorillnessifswallowedorabsorbedintothebodyPriestn.apersonwhoisqualifiedtoperformreligiousdutiesorceremoniesProsperousadj.richandsuccessfulPumicen.atypeofgreystonethatcomesfromvolcanoesandisverylightinweightQuick-wittedadj.mentallyalertandsharp头脑敏捷的Reverberatev.ifasoundreverberates,itisrepeatedmanytimesasithitstwooppositesurfacesSackn.alargebagwithnohandlesmadeofroughstrongmaterialSavageadj.fierceandviolentShatterv.tosuddenlybreakintosmallpiecesShepherdn.apersonwhosejobistotakecareofsheepShimmerv.tocoverorhidesth.n.sth.thathidesorcoverssth.slaten.asmallsheetofdarkgreystone,usedinthepastinschoolsforchildrentowriteonstumblev.tohityourfootagainststh.whilewalkingorrunningsummitn.thehighestpointofsth.thickenv.tobecomethickerormakesth.thickerthrongn.alongpieceofwoodwithaflameatoneendthatisusedasalighttramplev.tostepheavilyonsb./sth.sothatyoucrushorharmthemVesuviusn.anactivevolcanoofsouthernItalyontheeasternshoreoftheBayofNaples;Mount~维苏威山Victimn.apersonwhohasbeenattacked,injured,orkilledastheresultofacrime,adisease,anaccident,etc.受害者Villan.ahousewherepeoplestayonholiday/vacationVolcanicadj.(AmE)causedorproducedbyavolcano;~ash火山灰Yawnv.toopenyourmouthwideandbreatheindeeplythroughit,usu.becauseyouaretiredorboredUnit12Adroitadj.skillfulandclever,esp.indealingwithpeopleAgonyn.extremephysicalormentalpainAmbassadorn.anofficialwholivesinaforeigncountryastheseniorAnticipatev.toexpectsth.Applyv.toberelevanttoaparticularpersonorthing适用于Blowv.~offsteam发泄怒气Blunderv.tomakeastupidorcarelessmistakeBoilv.~withanger怒火中烧;异常气愤Bristlev.~withsth.:tohavealargeamountofsth.,ortobefullofsth.Broadswordn.alargeswordwithabroadflatbladeBurialn.theactorceremonyofputtingadeadbodyintoagrave;~permit埋葬许可证Capturev.tocatchapersonorananimalandkeepthemasaprisonerorinanenclosedspaceCavalryn.thepartofthearmythatfoughtonhorses(旧时的)骑兵Charityn.kindnessandsympathytowardotherpeopleCondemnv.toexpressverystrongdisapprovalofsb./sth.Confuciusn.afamousChinesephilosopher孔子Decayv.ifabuildingoranareadecays,itsconditionslowlybecomesworseDeftadj.(ofaperson’smovement)skillfulandquickDelugev.tofloodaplacewithwaterDetailedadj.givingmanydetailsandalotofinformationDiplomaticadj.havingorshowingskillindealingwithpeopleindifferentsituation灵活的;有外交手腕的Disappiontmentn.sadnessbecausesth.expectedhasnothappened;bitter~极大的失望Distressedadj.upsetandanxiousDueln.aformalfightwithweaponsbetweentwopeople,usedinthepasttosettleaquarrel决斗Exhaustiveadj.verythorough;lookingateverydetailFutileadj.havingnoeffortorachievingnothingGettysburgn.atownofsouthernPennsylvaniaintheUS葛底斯堡Hastyadj.actingordecidinginahurry,becauseyoudonothavemuchtimeHeaven-sentadj.上天所赐的;~opportunity天赐良机Hereafteradv.(AmE)(inlegaldocuments,etc.)intherestofthisdocumentIllinoisn.astateofthenorth-centralUnitedStates伊利诺伊州Impairv.todamagesb.ormakesth.worseImpassableadj.(ofaroad,anareaetc.)impossibletotravelonorthrough;~river(水流湍急)不能通过的河流Incompetentadj.nothavingtheabilityorskilltodosth.Indianan.astateofthenorth-centralUnitedStates印第安纳州Indignationn.afeelingofangerandsurprisecausedbysth.thatisunfairorunreasonableIndulgev.toallowoneselftohaveortodosth.thatonelike,esp.sth.thatisconsideredbadforoneselfInsultv.tosayordosth.thatoffendssb.Invaluableadj.extremelyvaluableorusefulJournaln.anewspaperormagazinethatdealswithaparticularsubjectorprofessionLashingn.anactofhittingsb.withawhipasapunishment鞭打;tongur-~斥责;谴责Leapv.tojumphighoralongway;~onone’shorse跳上马Magnituden.thegreatsize,importance,oreffortofsth.Malicen.afeelingofhatredforsb.thatcausesadesiretoharmsb.Maneuverv.tocontrolorinfluenceasituationinaskillfulbutsometimesdishonestway使用花招或谋略Mississippin.~River密西西比河Motivatev.tobethereasonwhysb.doessth.orbehavesinaparticularwayMushn.asoftthickmassormixture糊状物Opponentn.apersonthatyouareplayingorfightingagainstinagame,competition,argument,etc.Piercev.tomakeahole;tobe~dwith突然看到刺目的强光或听到刺耳的尖叫声Point-blankadv.inaveryfirmanddirectway,usu.notverypolite;refuse~断然拒绝Politiciann.apersonwhosejobisconcernedwithpolitics,esp.asanelectedmemberofaparliament,etc.Procrastinatev.todelaydoingsth.youshoulddo,usu.becauseyoudonotwanttodoitProlongv.tomakesth.lastlonger;~indefinitely无限延长Proofreadern.sb.whoreadssth.writtenorprintedandmarksanymistakessothattheycanbecorrectedRecedev.tomovegraduallyawayfromapreviouspositionRegulatev.tocontrolsth.bymeansofrulesRestraintn.theactofcontrollingorlimitingsth.becauseitisnecessaryorsensibletodosoRetainv.tokeepsth.ortocontinuetohavesth.Retreatv.