机场跑道状态灯光系统研究

Aerodrome–StudyRunwayStatusLights机场跑道状态灯光系统研究RunwayIncursions跑道侵入RunwayIncursions27Mar1977,CanaryIslands.Two747scollide.583dead.1977年3月27加那利群岛两架747相撞，583人死亡。20Dec1983,SiouxFalls,USA.DC9collideswithsnowplow.1dead.1983年12月20日，美国苏瀑市，DC9与除雪车相撞，1人死亡。3Dec1990,Detroit,USA.DC9collideswithB727.8dead.1990年12月3日，底特律，DC9与B727相撞，8人死亡。1Feb1991,LosAngeles.B737landsonFairchildMetro.34dead.1991年2月1日洛杉矶，B737着陆撞上了FairchildMetroIII，34人死亡。Source:WikipediaRunwayIncursions(cont’d)8Oct2001.MD87collideswithCitation,Milan.118dead.2001年10月8日，MD87与塞斯纳引证公务机相撞，米兰连尼治机场，118人死亡。9Jun2005,Boston.DepartingA330fliesoverdeparting737.Nonehurt.2005年7月9日波士顿，起飞的A330飞越过起飞的737，无人伤亡。30Dec2007,Otopeni,Romania.B737hitsrepaircar.Nonehurt.2007年12月30日，罗马尼亚欧特佩尼，B737撞上故障汽车，无人伤亡。Source:WikipediaCosts“Onerunwayincursionhappensdailyonaverageworldwide,atacosttotheindustryofabout$100millionayear.”TKKallenbach,HoneywellVicePresidentofProductManagementRunwayStatusLightsRWSL:UsesASDE-X,othersourcestodetectpotentialconflictsinrealtime.使用机场场面探测设备，实时监测潜在的冲突。Directheads-upwarningtopilotsandvehicledriversontheairportsurface对飞行员和机场地面车辆司机发出直接引导警告Commercial,off-the-shelfhardware，商业上现成产品。Cost:1millionUSDperrunway投入：每条跑道100万美元。OperatingPrinciples(USA)Nointerferencewithnormalops.不干扰正常运行。Nocontrolleractionrequired.无需专设控制器。Lightsallowanticipatedseparation.灯光可预先设定间隔ClearancebyATConly,asalways.

ATC控制跑道。Lightsareon=Stop.灯亮=停止。Lightsoff=Proceedwithclearance.关灯=跑道适用。Lightsapplytovehiclesalso.灯适用于车辆。Automaticbrightnessinlowvisibility.在低能见度自动亮度。SchematicRunwayEntranceLightsWarnofactivetrafficonrunwayOncenterlinePointataircraftnearingrunwayActivatedby30+knottrafficActivateduringallrunwayactivityRELTakeoffHoldLightsWarnofactivetrafficonrunwayOncenterlinePointatdepartingaircraftActivatedonlywhendepartureintakeoffpositionand2ndaircraftonorapproachingrunwayTHLRunwayIntersectionLightsWarnofactivetrafficonrunwayOncenterlinePointatdepartingaircraftActivatedonlywhenaircraftapproachingrunwayanddeparturerollingat30+knotsRILPilot’sViewIFALPA:FullysupportsglobalstandardSeeks“consistent,universallyrecognizeddisplays.”EuropeanCockpitAssociation:UseredonlyTraining,globalstandardProceedonlywithclearancePilotPolicyIFALPA:FullysupportsglobalstandardSeeks“consistent,universallyrecognizeddisplays.”EuropeanCockpitAssociation:UseredonlyTraining,globalstandardProceedonlywithclearanceController’sViewSurveyofUScontrollerswithRWSLexperience(Oct2010):86%-Improvesrunwaysafety85%-Willlowerrunwayincursionsbyatleast25%41%-Witnessedatleastone“save”byRWSLControllerConcernsFalseindicationsPilotandcontrollertrainingConfusionwithotherlightsPilotsaskingwhenlightsturngreenPilotsproceedwhenlightsturnoffUseoftowerdisplayasradarVehiclesongrassConfusionwithOtherLightsDisplacedthresholdStopbarsApproachlightsRunwayendlights–alternatingredandwhitelast900meters,thenredforlast300metersKillSwitchGlobalConsistencyEurocontrolE-RWSL,Dec2010Twomodes.Prevention–Sameasexisting.Incursion-Lightsflashtoshowemergencyactionneeded.ICAOAerodromePanel,Oct2010Orientation,spacinganduse"...onlycontrol...todisable....”ChartingTow