裕兴 新概念英语 第二册 Lesson 3 第3课 笔记讲义

第三课Pleasesendmeacard请给我寄一张明信片★1.send寄，送，派遣，打发causesbtogoorsthtobetakenwithoutgoingoneself(send–sent–sent)加双宾语sendsbsth=sendsthtosb把东西寄给某人eg.sendmeapostcard=sendapostcardtome寄给我一张明信片eg.IsentmymotherapresentonMother’sday.在母亲节那天我寄给妈妈一份礼物。=IsentapresenttomymotheronMother’sday.加单宾语sendsth寄什么东西sendsb派遣，打发某人sendaletter寄了一封信sendaparcel寄了一个包裹sendthechildrentobed打发孩子去睡觉3）sendsbmylove=givesbmylove代我向。。。致意eg.Pleasesendyoursistermylove.请把我的问候带给你的姐姐。=Pleasesendmylovetoyoursister.eg.Pleasesayhellotoyourbrother.=Pleasesayhitoyourbrother.eg.Remembermetoyourparents.代我问候你的父母。正式的表达Givemyregardstoyourparents.更为正式的表达4）sendforsb派人去请，去叫。。。sendforsthsendforadoctor派人去叫医生sendforataxi去叫一辆出租车★2.postcardn.明信片card卡片；贺卡aChristmascard圣诞卡片abirthdaycard生日卡片aget-wellcard康复卡anidentitycard身份证apostcard明信片cards纸牌apackofcards一副纸牌1）one’sbestcard=one’sstrongestcard某人最好的一张牌，王牌，绝招2)givesbhiscards开出，解雇某人（非正式表达）3）layone’scardsonthetable=putone’scardsonthetable摊牌postn./v.邮，寄post-bag邮袋post-box(U.S.:mailbox)邮筒，邮箱post-code邮政编码postoffice邮局postman(U.S.:mailman)邮递员postmark邮戳post-free免付邮资的，邮资已付的post-paid邮资已付的3.spoil-spoiled-spoiled使索然无味，损坏，破坏，糟蹋-spoilt-spoilt英式英语中多用不规则形式：eg.dreamt;spoilt(Br)美式英语中多用规则形式：eg.dreamed;spoiled(Am)不管英式或美式英语，用过去分词作定语的时候，只用不规则形式。aspoiltchild一个被惯坏的孩子spoiltmilk坏了的牛奶amisspeltword拼错的字1)v.破坏，使。。。没劲makesthuseless,valuelessorunsatisfactory;ruineg.Badweatherspoiltourholidays.坏天气破坏了我们的假期。eg.Thebadnewsspoiltmyday.这个坏消息让我一天不开心破坏了我一天的心情。eg.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.明信片总是破坏我的假期。2）v.娇惯，宠坏，溺爱eg.Thatlittlegirlisterriblyspoilt–herparentsgivehereverythingsheasksfor.那个小女孩被惯坏了，他的父母亲给她任何她想要的东西。eg.Sparetherodandspoilthechild.(谚)孩子不打不成器。eg.Everybodyenjoysbeingspoiltfromtimetotime.谁都喜欢偶尔被人宠一下。★4.museumn.博物馆museumpiece适合博物馆展览的精品2）老古董（贬）eg.Thisoldradioofyoursisabitofmuseumpiece;itisabouttimeyougotanewone.你这个旧收音机早该进博物馆了，早该换个新的了。★5.public1)adj.公众的，与公众有关的（通常做定语）反义词private私人的,个人的,这两个词都做定语apublicgarden公园publicaffairs公事publiceducation民众教育publichealth民众健康publiclibraries公共图书馆thepublichighway公路2）n.公众，民众thepublic民众，公众inpublic:openly公开的，公然的（反义词：inprivate私自的，私下的）eg.Sheapologizedtothepublicinpublicforhermistakes.她公开的像公众对她所犯的错误道歉。★6.friendlyadj.友好的friendn.朋友makefriendswithsb和某人交朋友Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难朋友才是真的朋友。closefriends密友bosomfriend知己boyfriend男朋友girlfriend女朋友friendlyadj.友好的friendlynations友邦afriendlysmile一个友好的微笑afriendlywelcome友好的欢迎afriendlymanner友好的态度ly结尾的形容词：friendlylonely孤独的silly蠢的brotherly兄长般的lovely可爱的deadly致命的likely可能的★7.waiter(饭店，旅馆，餐厅等)服务员waitress女服务员-ess女性的象征actor演员actress女演员prince王子princess王妃，公主tiger老虎tigress雌虎★8.lendv.借，借出去lend-lent-lentlendsbsth=lendsthtosb借给某人某物borrowsthfromsb从谁那借来什么东西eg.Canyoulendme200Yuan?你能借给我200块钱吗？I’llpayyoubacktomorrow.我明天就还给你。eg.IlentthatCDtoJohnbutnevergotitback.我把cd借给John了，但是再也拿不回了。lendsbahand=givesbhelp帮某人一个忙lendsbanear(耐心地)倾听belivingonborrowedtime大难不死lender出借人，贷方borrower借东西的人，借方★9.decisionn.决定makeadecisiontodosth下定决心做某事decidev.决定decidetodo……决定做某事makeupone’smindtodo…决定做某事eg.Idecidedtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.我决定再学一门语言。=Imadeupmymindtostudyanotherforeignlanguage.eg.Withsomanychoices,it’shardtodecidewhichtobuy.这么多选择，真不知道该买哪个。eg.It’sdifficulttodecidebetweenthetwo.这两者之间很难选择。makeadecision/reachadecision/cometoadecision/arriveatadecision做出决定eg.Onthelastdayofmyholiday,Imadeabigdecision.假期的最后一天,我做了一个大大的决定eg.Anyonewholacksdecisionshouldn’tbealeader.那些缺乏决定能力的人是不能当领导的。★10.whole1)adj.完全的，整体的，全部的相当于entire;complete作为形容词，作定语来使用。awholeday一整天threewholedays三整天thewholecountry全国thewholeworld全世界eg.Let’sforgetthewholeaffair.我们忘了这件事情吧。把它彻底忘掉吧。=Let’sforgetthewholematter/thing.2）n.整个，整体eg.Fourquartersmakeawhole四个四分之一构成一个整体quartern.四分之一，一季度，一刻钟eg.Cuttheappleintoquarters.把苹果切成四瓣。Halfn.一半eg.Twohalvesmakeawhole.两个一半构成一个整体。Halfoftheworkisdone.一半工作被完成了。asawhole整个地onthewhole总的来说，一般来讲eg.Onthewhole,Iagreewithyourdecision.总的来说，我同意你的观点。Wholesale批发wholesaler批发商retail零售retaildealer/retailtrader零售商★11.single1)adj.唯一的，单一的onlyoneasingleletter唯一的一封信asingleapplehangingfromthetree树上挂着唯一的苹果asingleticket单程票aroundticket/areturnticket往返票2)adj.未婚的，独身的singlemenandwomen单身男女married已婚的adj.单独一个人使用的asinglebed单人床adoublebed双人床asingleroom单人房间adoubleroom双人房间4)adj.single-parent单亲asingle-parentfamily一个单亲家庭KeyStructuresSimplepast一般过去时1.功能：表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间之内发生的动作或情况，通常搭配过去的某一段时间。eg.Wevisitedtheschoollastyear.我们去年参观了这个学校。2.构成形式:1)规则变化：v.+edwalked,happened不规则变化：eat–atego–wentsee–sawcome–came2)be–was/wereeg.Iwasn’tinyesterday.我昨天不在家。eg.IwenttoschoolbybikewhenIwasyoung.当我年轻的时候我骑车去上学。体会动词的过去式Policeman:Didyouseetheaccident,sir?先生，你看到那个事故了吗？Man:Yes,Idid.Thedriverofthatcarhitthatpostoverthere.是的，我看到了。那个司机撞倒那个杆子上去。hit–hit–hitP:Whathappened?发生什么事了？M:Adogranacrosstheroadandthedrivertriedtoavoidit.Thecarsuddenlycametowardsme.Itclimbedontothepavementandcrashedintothatpost.一条狗穿过马路，那位司机企图躲开狗。突然，汽车朝我开过来。它走上人行道，撞倒那根杆子上。Pavement:人行道P:Whatdidyoudo?你做了什么？M:Iranacrossthestreetafterthedog.我穿过马路去追狗。P:Whydidyoudothat?Wereyouafraidofthecar?你为什么这样做呢？你怕汽车吗？M:Iwasn’tafraidofthecar.Iwasafraidofthedriver.Thedrivergotoutofthecarandbeganshoutingatme.Hewasveryangrywithme.Yousee,itwasmydog.我不怕汽车。我怕那个司机。那个司机下车并对我大喊。一般过去时与一般现在时的区别：Herbrotherwasanartist.他的哥哥是一个艺术家。Was表示已去世Herbrotherisanartist.尚健在That’sallIhadtosay.这是我要说的。(话已说完)That’sallIhavetosay.这是我要说的。(言之未尽)Itwassonicetoseeyou.我真高兴见到你。(离别时说)Itissonicetoseeyou.我真高兴见到你。（见面时说）一般过去时的练习：Myfriend,Roy,____(die)lastyear.He____(leave)mehisCDplayerandhiscollectionofCDs.Roy____(spend)alotofmoneyonCDs.He____(buy)oneortwonewCDseveryweek.Henever____(go)tothecinemaortothetheatre.He____(stay)athomeeveryeveningand____(listen)tomusic.Heoften____(lend)CDstohisfriends.Sometimesthey____(keep)them.He____(lose)manyCDsinthisway.diedleftspentboughtwentstayedlistenedlentkeptlostHYPERLINK课文讲解1.Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.always总是（频度副词）holidayholiday较长的假期不能指一天的假期aholiday指一天的假期goonholiday去度假beonholiday正在度假vacation1)法定假日（宗教假日，国家庆典）英美都用holiday。2)每年的例行休假，英式holiday，美式vacationleave指雇员因某种原因而获准休假askforaleave请假takeFrenchleave不辞而别leaveinanEnglishstyle(法)不辞而别2.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.ItalyItalianpublicgarden公园3.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.teachteachsbsth双宾语toughtmeafewwordsofItalianteachmyselfEnglish自学英语teachsbalesson/givesbalesson教训某人一顿teachsbtodosth教某人去做某事teachfishtoswim班门弄斧=teachyourgrandmothertosuckeggseducate知识和智慧全面的培养，通常由学校进行的正规教育。teach指某一学科或某种技能的各种教育程度。coach非正规的教导，可能为某一学科进行辅导，或对体育运动进行指导。train训练，使在行为，技能或体能上达到要求。instruct教授某人学校科目；传授某人技巧；指导；命令wordn.1)词newwordsandexpressions2)话，语言eg.Idon’tbelieveawordofhisstory.他的话我一句也不相信。3)消息eg.Wordcamethathehadrunintotrouble.有消息传来说他现在麻烦了。短语eg.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.行动胜于语言。haveawordinsb’sear和某人说句悄悄话haveawordwithsb和某人说一句话havewordswithsb和某人吵架havewordfromsb听到，受到某人消息4.Thenhelentmeabook.lendsbsth借给某人什么东西5.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.read–read–read[ri:d][red][red]6.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout+n./doing思考，思索，回想，想起eg.Doyouoftenthinkaboutyourchildhood?你经常回想你的童年时代吗？thinkof考虑，想起，记起eg.Ithoughtofpostcards.我总是想起明信片。7.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.1)passv.(passed)2)sendsthtosb=sendsbstheg.Ididnotsendcardstomyfriends.=Ididn’tsendmyfriendspostcards.8.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.makeadecision做出决定9.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.10.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend花费，通常指某人花费了时间，金钱，精力等sbspendtime/money/energyonsth某人花费时间、金钱、精力在某事上sbspendtime/money/energy(in)doingsth某人花费时间、金钱、精力做某事eg.Hespendsmoneyasifhewereamillionaire.他花起钱来就好像是个百万富翁一样。eg.Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeonclothes.她花费所有的时间和钱在买衣服上。=Shespendsallhermoneyandtimeinbuyingclothes.eg.IspendawholehourinexplainingtheimportanceoflearningEnglishtohim.我花了整整一小时来给他解释学校英语的重要性。SpecialDifficulties----过去式功能：动词过去式表示过去某个特定时间或某一段时间发生的动作或情况。英语中有些动词可以加双宾语，这些动词大多具有“给予”的含义。eg.Helentmeabook.(me:间接宾语)(abook:直接宾语)一般间接宾语置于直接宾语之前，一旦间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，间接宾语前要加to或for来表达。To表示动作对谁所做，表示方向性；for表示为了谁所做，是目的性。Helentabooktome.eg.Hesentmeacard.Hesentacardtome.Hepassedmethesalt.Hepassedthesalttome.Heboughtmeatie.Heboughtatieforme.Shemademeacake.Shemadeacakeforme.Exercise:改写下列句子1)Hepaidtheshopkeepersomemoney.Hepaidsomemoneytotheshopkeeper.2)Hehandedmetheprize.Hehandedtheprizetome.3)Thewaiterbroughtabottleofbeertotheman.Thewaiterbroughtthemanabottleofbeer.4)Hesoldallhisbookstome.Hesoldmeallhisbooks.5)Theshopassistantfoundsomecurtainmaterialforme.Theshopassistantfoundmesomecurtainmaterial.6)Hedidmeabigfavour.Hedidabigfavourforme.dosbafavour帮某人一个忙7)Sheshowedherhusbandhernewhat.Sheshowedhernewhattoherhusband.8)Shepromisedarewardtothefinder.Shepromisedthefinderareward.9)Hegavehissonsomeadvice.Hegavesomeadvicetohisson.10)Hisunclelefthimsomemoney.Hisuncleleftsomemoneyto/forhim.11)HeisteachingEnglishtous.HeisteachingusEnglish.12)Iboughtthisbunchofflowersforyou.Bunchofflowers一束鲜花Iboughtyouthisbunchofflowers.13)Bringthatbooktomeplease.Bringmethatbookplease.14)Heofferedmeacigarette.Heofferedacigarettetome.15)Readmethefirstparagrap