2024届高三英语二轮复习语法：定语从句十二字解题法课件共21张PPT

第第页2024届高三英语二轮复习语法：定语从句十二字解题法课件（共21张PPT)(共21张PPT)

定语从句十二字解题法

一、定句从句的概念及基本构成

1.构成：名词/代词++定从

关系词

关系代词

关系副词

头

脖子

身体

Heistheman.

Isawhimyesterday.

Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.

判断定语从句中的关系词所充当的成分

Isawthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.

Doyoukonwthemanwho/thatisstandingoverthere.

Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.

Basketballisagamewhich/thatispopularwithyoungpeople.

Thisisthepenwhich/thatheboughtyesterday.

Isawahousewhosewindowisred.

Iknowthemanwhosefatherisadoctor.

Irememberthetimewhenwestudiedtogether.

ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.

Iknowthereasonwhyshewaslatethismorning.

宾

主

表

主

宾

定

定

时状

地状

原状

2.关系词

关系代词

关系副词

who(人，主)

which(物，主、宾)

that(人/物，主、宾、表)

whom(人，宾)

whose(人/物，定)

as

when，where，why(状)

when指代介词+时间名词

where指代介词+地点名词

why=forwhich,which指代thereason

二、十二字解题法

定什么，带什么，缺什么，补什么

Thisistheroomwelivedin.

welived.

句意成立

in

which

that

×

inwhich

where(介+关代可用关副词代替)

(theroom)

(theroom)

三、关系代词that与which的区别

共性：都可以指物

用which不用that的情况

指物时

1.介词后的关系代词

2.先行词是that或those时

3.非限制定句从句中不能用that

Doyoulikethebooktheytalk

Wehavethatweneed.

Water,isaclearliquid,hasmany

uses.

aboutwhich

which

which

用that不用which的情况

1.先行词为指物的不定代词或数词

2.先行词既指人又指物

3.先行词被very,theonly，序数词及形容词最高级修饰

4.关系代词在定语从句作表语

5.Therebe开头的句子，先行词指物

6.主句是以who,which开头的特殊疑问句

Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate.

四、关系代词that与who的区别

注：记住什么情况下用who就可以了

1.先行词指人的those/one/ones

2.先行词为I/you/he等人称代词

3.以therebe开头的句子，先行词指人

Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.

五、关系代词的选择

1.定语从句是限定性还是非限定性

如非定限定性从句不能用that

2.先行词指人，还是指物

如指人who,whom,指物that,which

3.句子所缺成分

缺主宾表/定(whose)/状(when,where,why)

六、介词+关系代词的考查

介词+关系代词

which(先行词指物)

whom(先行词指人)

90%

10%介词+whose

Thisistheheroweareproud.

weareproudof.

句意成立

ofwhom

that

whom

×

(thehero)

(thehero)

of

七、非限制性定语从句

非限定从：有逗号,无连词，缺成分

非限定从中不能用关系词that,why

Hegotthefirstprize,madehisparents

happy.

whothatwhichwhenas

as与which的区别

which表因果

as表正如

which

八、关系代词as引导的定语从句

考点1：与which区别

共性：引导非限定从和限定从；

指代前面整个句子

区别：引导非限定从，as可放于句首或句末

which只能放于句中。及参考第七点

考点2：与that区别

限定从：thesame

such

such判别依据：缺成分用as，不缺成分用that

Heissuchateacherwealllikehim.

Heissuchateacherwealllike.

that

as

as+句子

that+句子

九、定从的主谓一致的问题

定语从句的谓语动词与先行词保致一致

注意theoneof+复名，theonlyoneof+复名

作先行词，考查先行词的选取

theoneof+复名先行词为复名

theonlyoneof+复名先行词为theonlyone

Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho/thatis

givenaprize.

十、way,time,reason作先行词的定语从句中，关系词的选取

Idislikethewayhespeaks.

Doyourememberthetimehetoldusjustnow.

Canyoutellmethetimewe’llhavethemeeting.

Thereasonhegaveislame(无说服力的).

注：不要看到time就用when，place就用where,reason就用why.考虑用十二字解题法解决。

inwhich/that/不填

Which/that/省略

when

that

1.____isknowntousallisthatthe2023OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinBeijing.

A.ItB.WhatC.AsD.Which（2023福建）

2.Themanpulledoutagoldwatch,______weremadeofsmalldiamonds.(2023陕西卷)

A.thehandsofwhomB.whomthehandsof

C.whichthehandsofD.thehandsofwhich

3.TheScienceMuseum,____________wevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stouristattractions.（2023江苏卷）

A.whichB.whatC.thatD.where

4.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,___wasmorethanwecouldexpect.（全国卷II）

A.itB.whatC.whichD.that

5.ItwasinNewZealand___ElizabethfirstmetMr.Smith.（全国卷II）

A.thatB.howC.whichD.when

6.I’llgiveyoumyfriend’shomeaddress,______Icanbereachedmostevenings.

（08北京卷）

A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where

7.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,_____therewon’tbemuchwork.(2023上海春招)

A.whereB.thatC.bywhich

D.withoutwhich

8.Wewentthroughaperiod_____communicationswereverydifficultintheruralareas.(202