上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦

上海沪教版英语八年级下册第二学期知识点归纳集锦第一部分：词与词组I、重点词汇与词组1、 beinterestedin cutdown belongto keep…alive protectoneself 2、 atone'ssuggestion makeasuggestion onthesuggestionof... indanger letout onearth communicatewith onone'ssuggestio offerasuggestion 3、 cometoadecision/arriveatadecision/reachadecisiongiveadecisionfor giveadecisionagainst giveadecisionfor makeadecision 4、 takechargeof underthechargeof inchargeof 5、 agreeon agreewith agreto(dosth) 6、 remindsb.ofsth,inaddition(to),nowthat,beexcellentfor,enablesbtodosth,becoveredwith,feellikeberesponsiblefor,nowthat,helponeself(to+food/drink/vegetable...)4、 happen,takeplace5、 frozen,freezingn、词与词组辨析1、alive,living 都是"活着”的意思，用法不同。例如：alive是表语形容词，一般在句子中放在系动词后面，用作表语。例如：IamyourfriendaslongasIamalive. 只要我活着就是你的朋友。living是定语形容词，一般在句子中放在名词前用作定语。例如：Therearenotanylivingthingsinthemountainarea.在这个山区里没有任何活着的东西。2、 patient; impatient; patienee3、comfort;comfortable;comfortably4、reply; answer(v.&n.)5、explain; explanation6、visible; vision; invisible7、contain hold8、 experienee,experieneed9、 conelude,conclusion10、 gooff,goout,goup,goaway,godown,goin11、 usedtodosth,beusedtodosth,beusedtodoingsth,beusedas,beusedfor12、 trydoingsth,trytodosth13、 goontodosth,goondoingsth14、 befamiliarto,befamiliarwith15、 pleased,pleasant,pleasure,please16、 accept,receive17、 keep的用法18、 what/how感叹句19、 数词的用法20、 不定冠词a、an的用法21、 介词后面动词用-ing形式22、状语从句连接词：if/aslongas,when/while/assoonas/until/before/after,though/although23、 when/while24、 well/good25、 疑问词+主语+情态动词can/should/could等+谓语动词=疑问词+谓语动词不定式第二部分：语法1、 It'+adj.+for/ofsb+todosth2、 alittle,afew,little,few3、 表示数量的词：plentyof,lotsof,alotofagreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallquantityof,alarge/smallamountofanumberof,thenumberof4、情态动词：mustn'can'maynot等的意思must与may(主语是第一人称)开头的一般疑问句的否定回答must用 或 may用 或 must,may等表示肯定的推测意义；can'表示否定的推测意义need作为情态动词与实义动词动词的用法【情态动词用法的基本练习】( )1.—MayItakemypetdogwithmeintothecinema?—Therulesaysno.Soyou .A.canB.mustn' C.mayD.needn'( )2.Wehopethatasmanypeopleaspossible joinusforthecharityshowtomorrow.A.need B.canC.mustD.should( )3.—MustIgetupearlytomorrow?—No, .A.youmustn'B.Idon'thinkyouhavetoC.youcan'D.youneed( )4.—MayIplaycomputergames,mum?—No.You finishyourhomeworkfirst.A.willB.canC.wouldD.must( )5.—Let'sgototheconcerttonight,Michael!—Sorry,I .Ihavetohelpmymotherwiththehousework.A.mustn'B.maynotC.needn't D.can'( )6.—Canyoufinishtheworkintwodays?—Sorry,I .Mycomputerdoesn'work.A.don'B.can't C.mustn'D.needn'( )7.— youspeakJapanese?—No,Ican'.A.CanB.MustC.MayD.Should( )8.Ifthetrafficlightisred,you crosstheroad.It'verydangerous.A.don'B.mustn' C.needn't D.wouldn'( )9.—MayIuseyourruler? — .A.Yes,pleaseB.Youarenice C.Itdoesn'matterD.Itwasapleasure5、宾语从句：陈述句改为宾语从句时，用that连接；一般疑问句改为宾语从句时，用whether/if连接；特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，用特殊疑问词连接。【宾语从句专项精选】( )1Thegirlsaskedifthey somefoodanddrinkwiththem.A.tookB.takeC.takesD.willtake( )2Catherinesaidthatshe toGuangzhou.A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergoneC.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen( )3Thestudentswanttoknowwhetherthey dictationtoday.A.hadB.hasC.willhaveD.are( )4SheaskedLindaif goandgetsome.A.couldsheB.shecouldC.shecanD.shemay( )5Lindasaidthemoon roundtheearth.A.traveledB.hastraveledC.travelsD.hadtraveled( )6.Canyoutellme youwereborn,Betty?A.whoB.whatC.whenD.that( )7.Idon'tknow theyhavepassedtheexam.A.whatB.ifC.whenD.where( )8.Ihardlyunderstand. hehastoldme.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who( )9.Shedidn'tknow backsoon.A.whetherhewouldbeB.ifwouldhebeC.hewillbe( )10.Idon'tknow hestillliveshereaftersomanyyears.A.whetherBwhereC.whatD.when( )11.Doyouknow theylistenedtoyesterdayevening?A.whatBwhenCwhyDhow( )12.Heaskedme toldmetheaccident.AwhomBwhichCwhoDwhose( )13.Theydon'tknow theirparentsare.AthatBwhatCwhyDwhich( )14.Pleasetellme lastyear.A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterworkCwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworkedTOC\o"1-5"\h\z( )15.SheaskedmeifIknew .A.whosepenisitB.whosepenitwasC.whosepenitisD.whosepenwasit( )16.Youmustremember .A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersayC.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid( )17.Didyouknow ?A.whohewaslookingafterB.whowashelookingforC.whoheislookingfor D.whoheislookingafter( )18.Couldyoutellme ?A.whenwilltheyleaveBeijing B.whenwouldtheyleaveBeijingC.whentheywillleaveBeijing D.whendidtheyleaveBeijing( )19.Inthebookshop,areaderaskedtheshopkeeper WhoMovedMyCheesewasaninterestingbook.A.thatB.howC.whatD.if( )20.—Idon'tknow Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.—HewillhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where( )21.—Weneverknow theoldmanis.—Theysayheisateacher.A.whatB.whoC.whichD.where( )22.Iwastold BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.A.thathowB.howthatC.whenthatD.thatwhen))23.—Doyouknow mgoingtoseehim.—Sorry,Idon'tknow.A.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.LilivedA.wheredoesMr.LiliveB.wheredidMr.LiliveC.whereMr.LilivesD.whereMr.Lilived( )24.—Wheredoyouthink he thecomputer?—Sorry,Ihavenoidea.A./;boughtB.has;boughtC.did;buyD.does;buy( )25.Idon'tfeelverywell.Mumaskedme thismorning.A.whatthematterisB.whatiswrongC.whatthematterwasD.whatwrongwas( )26.—WhereisJack?—Heisawaytospendhisholiday.He'sgoneeithertoHangzhouortoWuhan,butrmnotsure A.that B.which C.where D.there6、直接引语转换为间接引语.人称代词和指示代词的变化指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：Hesaid,"Icametohelpyou.”他说："我是来帮助你的。”tHesaidthathehadcometohelpme.他说他是来帮助我的。.时态的变化引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。弓I述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：一般现在时t一般过去时 一般过去时t过去完成时现在进行时T过去进行时 现在完成时t过去完成时 一般将来时T过去将来时.时间状语的变化nowtthenlastmonthtthemonthbeforetodaytthatdaythreedaysagotthreedaysbeforenowtthenlastmonthtthemonthbeforetodaytthatdaythreedaysagotthreedaysbeforetonighttthatnighttomorrowtthenextdaythisweektthatweeknextmonthtthenextmonthyesterdaytthedaybeforethedayaftertomorrowtyesterdaytthedaybefore地点状语的变化 heretthere 谓语动词的变化 cometgo【注意】含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。【将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语 】"Iamveryhappy.”saidFisherproudly.Dinnysaid: "IsawMrMuskamyesterday.”Hesaid: "Iwillhavefinishedmyworkbythattime. ”"Ihaveneverseenanythingmorebeautifulthanthis. ”hesaid.MrRochestersaid; "I'vesettledeverything;andwewillleaveThornfieldtomorrow. ”"Itistoolate. ”hesaid.“HereisMissEyre,sir, ”saidMrsFairfax."Iwilltryit, ”saidKate."I'vestudiedbiology,”hesaid.“Wewillgobacktothehouse, ”hesaid.7、不定代词辨析:all,any,another,both,each,every,either,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由some,any,no,every禾口body,one,thing构成的复合不定代词。one,ones的用法each,every的用法other,theother,another,others,theothers的用法【不定代词专练】( )1. policeofficersintheUKcarryguns,butmostofthemdon 't.A.NoB.SomeC.Many D.All( )2.—Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee，waterorjuice?— .Ionlyliketea.A.BothB.EitherC.NeitherD.None( )3.Therearemanytallbuildingson sidesofthestreet.A.eitherB.allC.bothD.none( )4.Shehaswrittenalotofbooks,but goodones.A.anyB.someC.fewD.many( )5.—Wouldyoulikechickennoodlesorbeefnoodles? — .I'dliketomatonoodles.A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None( )6.I'mhungry.Iwant toeat.A.anythingB.somethingC.everythingD.nothing( )7.—IsawTonyattheparty.Buthedidn 'tspeaktome evening.—Maybehedidn'tseeyou.A.allB.everyC.either D.another( )8.—Areyou fromAmerica?—No,noneofus.A.bothB.allC.anyD.either( )9.Heshowedmeamagazineheboughtyesterday.Ithinkit 'sinteresting.SoIbought A.itB.thisC.thatD.one( )10.Mikefelloffthebike,buthedidn 'thurt .A.heB.himC.himselfD.hisself( )11. bookareyoulookingfor?A.WhatB.WhichC.WhoD.Whose( )12.Thereisn'tanymilkinmyglass.Wouldyougiveme ?A.someB.fewC.littleD.any( )13. Wehadplentyofpaperbut ink.A. afewB.fewC.notmanyD.notmuch( )14.Learningafor