现在完成时讲解(含讲解及习题)

现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+助动词have/has+动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词?否定式:主语+助动词have/has+not+动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed,（workworked，waterwatered,finishfinished等;）b)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y变成i再加ed,（carry-- -carriedstudystudied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。（stopstopped，shopshopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d（过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。标志词：①already,②never,③ever,④just,⑤yet,⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+times例：Ihavecleanedmyroom.我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)Theyhaveleft.--他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里Ihaveneverhadacar(我从未有过汽车。)Ihavebeentheretwice.a）already往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet用于否定句和疑问句。• Hehasalreadylefthere.他已经离开这里了。• Hashealreadylefthere?他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）• Myteachershaven’thadbreakfastyet.我的老师们还没有吃早饭。• Haveyouwrittentoyourparentsyet?你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever表示“曾经”• WehaveneverbeentotheGreatWall.我们从来没有去过长城。• HaveyoueverbeentoCanada?你们曾经去过加拿大吗？c）just用于句中,表示“刚刚”• I’vejusthadbreakfast.我刚吃完早饭。• Whathavetheyjustdone?他们刚刚做了什么？d）before用于句末,表示“以前”• I’veseenitbefore.我以前见过它。练习：用never，ever，already，before,just或yet填空。1.Ihave__________seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.2.Jackhas__________finishedhishomework.3.--Haveyou_________seenthefilm?--No,Ihave________seenit.4.Hasthebusleft_______?Yes,ithas________left.5.Wouldyouliketogotothezoowithme?Yes,butIhavebeenthere_________.★hasgoneto,hasbeento,hasbeenin的区别：1.have/hasgoneto去了某地（还在某地没回来）Whereisyourfather?你爸爸在哪里？HehasgonetoShanghai.他去上海了。2.have/hasbeento曾经去过（已回，已不在去过的地方）+次数（once/twice/数字+times）MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai3times.我爸爸去过上海3次。画线提问：________________hasyourfatherbeentoShanghai?3.have/hasbeenin待了多久（去了，现在仍在所待的地方）+for+时间段/+since+时间点MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths/sincetwomonthsago.我爸已经在上海待了两个月了。画线提问：_______________hasyourfatherbeeninShanghai?▲注意：注意遇到四个地点副词要去掉to/in，这四个地点副词是：here,there,home,abroad练习：用havegoneto/havebeento/havebeenin/wentto填空。1._____youever_____Disneyland?2.Howmanytimes_____you_____Disneyland?3.I_____Nanjingsincetwoyearsago4.Mr.Li_____HongKong.Andhe'llcomebackintwodays.5.—Howlong_____you_____Disneyland?—Forthreedays.I__________thethemeparklastSunday.6.Myfather__________HongKongtwoweeksago.7.Myfather__________HongKongin2005.8.Myfather__________HongKongsince2005.9.Myfather__________HongKongtwice.10.Myfather__________HongKongandhehasn'tcomebackyet.11.—Where'sLucy?—Shehas__________toarestaurantforlunch.12.Haveyou__________tothisparkbefore.13.Ihave__________thereonlyoncethisyear.14.Shehas__________totheshoptobuyanotebook.15.You'relate,LaoWanghas__________toGuangzhou.用法二：表示过去已经开始,并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。标志词：⑦uptonow,⑧sofar,⑨for+时间段⑩since+时间点IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已经学了10多年的英语。Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时a)for+一段时间Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.我在这里5周了。He’sstudiedEnglishfor3years.他学习英语3年了。HehasbeenstudyingJapanese______twoyears______.Westartedthepartytwohoursago.（划线提问）_____________you________theparty?Theoldman_____lastyear.He__________________forayear.（die）（动词填空）Doyouswimeveryday?（用fortwohours改写）_______you________fortwohours.6.MissGaoleftanhourago.（同义句转换）MissGao_______________________________anhour.7.HermotherhasbeenaPartymemberforthreeyears.（同义句）Hermother_______thePartythreeyears________.8.TheGreenFamilymovedtoFrancetwoyearsago.（同义句转换）_______twoyears________theGreenfamilymovedtoFrance.、三、动词填空1._____you________(clean)theroom?Yes,we__________(do)thatalready.When_______you______(do)it?We_______(do)itanhourago.2.______he______(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_____he_____(see)i