自编Unit-1-Man-and-Nature市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件

ZoomingIn:AnIntegratedEnglishCourse新世纪大学英语4厚德博学筑基建业

1/142Unit1Manand

Nature

TextAManintheRealmofNature

2/142CONTENTSWarm-upVideoDiscussionAbouttheAuthorLead-inLessonReviewUsefulExpressionsDetailedReadingTextTranslationCarefulReadingKeyWordsFastReadingTranslationExercisesTextAQuotations3/142Watch

thevideoclip

The

DayAfterTomorrow(《后天》/《末日浩劫》）

andgiveyouraccountofit.

Play4/1421.Whatdoyouseefromthevideo?

Play5/142c.giganticwave,tsunami,sweepacrossNewYorkHarborscenesofavideoclipfromthemovieTheDayAfterTomorrowb.

adevastatingnaturaldisasterisattackingAmericaTipsd.

drownorcrushtensofthousandsofpanickedNewYorkerse.

submergetheStatueofLiberty16/142g.severe

snow

storm

covering

the

entire

northern

continents,freezethepilot

f.

a

disastrous

and

abrupt

climate

change

h.thegloriousmetropolis,instantlydestroyedandruinedTips1i.

northernhemisphere,snow-coveredanddoomedtoanewiceagej

.VicePresident,speech7/142TipsVicePresident’sSpeechThesepastfewweekshaveleftusallwithaprofoundsenseofhumilityinthefaceofnature'sdestructivepower.Foryears,weoperatedunderthebeliefthatwecouldcontinueconsumingourplanet'snaturalresourceswithoutconsequence.Wewerewrong.Iwaswrong.8/142

Discussion1.Whatenvironmentalissuesdoyouthinkarethemostpressingnow?2.Canyourecognizewhatenvironmentalissuesdothefollowingpicturesshow?Whatdoyouknowaboutthem?Shareyourknowledgewithyourclassmates.2.Whatdoyouthinkmightbethecauseofwhatwashappeninginthevideo?

9/142

()

()()()DeforestationGlobalWarmingAirPollutionOzoneDepletion210/142a.

theresultofenvironmentalpollution,suchassmokefromfactorychimneys,theemissionfromcars,theuseofairconditioner,thedumpingofharmfulsewerage,theexcessiveexploitationofforestsetc.211/142b.

environmentalproblems,suchasglobalwarming,holesintheozonelayers,etc.

c.

theiceinthepolarareameltsintowaterandthesealevelmayrise;consequentlyfloodingandlandslidesbecomepossible212/142a.

Whilewearetalkingalotaboutglobalwarming,howwouldpeoplecometoahypothesisthattheEarthwouldbeinanewiceage?

b.

Doourhumanbeingsunderstandtheplanetwherewelivewell?Whatattitudeshouldwetaketowardsnature?Morequestions13/1423.Whathavewehumanbeingsbeendoingtonature?1.Whatisnature?

2.Whatisthedefinitionof“man”?4.Inwhatwayarewedoingharmtonature?

Discussionon5.Whataretheconsequencesofman’sactions?ManandNature6.Isnaturetamedorconqueredbyman?Inwhatwaydoesnatureshowthepowerofit?14/142It'severythingthatexistsintheworld,suchasplants,animals,earth,rocks,etc,andallthefeatures,forcesandprocessesthathappenorexistindependentlyofman,suchastheweather,thesea,mountains,reproductionandgrowth.1.Whatisnature?

DiscussionQuestionsandanswers15/142Manisreferredtohumaninhabitantsoftheearth,characterizedbysuperiorintelligenceandarticulatespeech.2.Whatisthedefinitionof“man”?

DiscussionissueQuestionsandanswers16/142Wehavebeenfightingagainstnatureforsurvival,tryingtotransformandconquernatureinordertomakeitserveusbetter.3.Whathavewehumanbeingsbeendoingtonature?Questionsandanswers

DiscussionWebuildupreservoirsfornotonlypreventingfloodbutalsogeneratingelectricity.Wehavetakentoomuchfromnatureandgivenbacktoolittle.Example17/142Wearedestroyingnaturebycuttingdowntrees,pollutingair,water,soilandenvironment,overharvestingplants,endangeringanimalspeciesandoverpopulatingtheearth,etc.4.

Inwhatwayarewedoingharmtonature?

DiscussionQuestionsandanswers18/142Manbecomesthevictimofhisrashactions,confrontingseriousproblemslikedisappearingforests,dryingrivers,pollutedenvironment,worseningclimate,etc.5.

Whataretheconsequencesofman’sactions?

DiscussionQuestionsandanswers19/142Itdoesn’tseemso.6.

Isnaturetamedorconqueredbyman?Inwhatwaydoesnatureshowthepowerofit?

DiscussionQuestionsandanswersThepowerofnature20/142TyphoonSandstormFloodVolcaniceruptionTornadoSnowstormEarthquakeLandslideCycloneHailstormThePowerofNatureHurricane

DevastatingTsunami21/142Cyclone旋风Typhoon台风Hurricane飓风Tornado龙卷风Snowstorm暴风雪Landslide滑坡，山崩Volcanoeruption火山喷发VocabularyTsunami(tidal

wave)

海啸Earthquake地震Flood洪水Hailstorm雹暴Sandstorm沙暴Devastating毁灭性，破坏性22/142TornadoHurricaneKatrina

in

23/142Earthquake24/142snowstorm25/142Possiblesceneafterthesnowstorm26/142Tsunami27/142FloodinAustralia28/142Dryland29/142Volcanicblastphotographedbyastronautsinspace

30/142Questionsandanswers

Discussion6.Whatisrelationshipbetweenmanandnature?Therelationshipbetweenmanandnatureisbothsimpleandabstruse.

Manisagreatcreationofnature,huggedandnurturedbynature.Mandoesnotknoweverythingaboutnature.Manisboundtomakemistakesinnature.Manshouldgrowbylearningfromhismistakes.Themasterofnature???31/142Questionsandanswers

Discussion7.WhatistheauthorAlexanderSpirkin’sviewonthisissue?32/142AlexanderSpirkin

Aprominentscientist,awell-knownSovietphilosopherandpsychologist.Abouttheauthor…OneoftheauthorsoftheGreatSovietEncyclopedia

33/142Abouttheauthor…AlexanderSpirkin

Prof.

AlexanderSpirkin,acorrespondingmemberoftheformerUSSRAcademyofSciences,usedtobetheheadofasecretlab

knownas"BioinformaticsLaboratory"underKGBandworkedclosely

withextrasensoryindividualshiredtospyontheirenemies,inparticular,

CIAandthePentagonforremotesensingsurveillanceandmonitoring.34/142Abouttheauthor…亚历山大·斯伯金前苏联科学院通讯院士，曾经受命组建了一个克格勃领导下一个秘密情报机构，名为「生物信息试验室」，

招募含有特异功效人作为雇员用来搜集敌人情报，尤其对美国中情局和五角大楼等外国敏感情报部门进行遥感侦察和监测。AlexanderSpirkin35/142ManintheRealmofNatureTextA36/142Inmoderntimes,whilemanbecomessoexcitedabouthistransformationofnaturethathefailstorealizehispowerlessnessconfrontedwiththeuntamednature.Lead-in37/142ScanParas.1-2andfocusonthefollowingquestions.Whatistherelationshipbetweenmanandnatureaccordingtotheauthor?Fast-reading2.Whatdoestheauthorimplybythephrase“bloodties”inthelastsentenceofPara.1?3.WhatisthepointtheauthorstressesinPara.2?4.Whathasmanachievedintheprocessoftransformingnature?Tips38/142ReferenceanswerstothequestionsonParas.1-21.Manissurroundedbynatureandinteractswithnature.Manisconnectedwithnatureby“blood”ties,andmancan’tliveoutsidenature.Fast-reading2.Byusingthisphrase,theauthorimpliesthattheconnectionbetweenmanandnatureisasinseparableasthatoffamilymembers.3.Mannotonlylivesinnature,healsotransformsnature.4.Manhastakenadvantageofnatureandturnednaturalresourcesintosubstancesusefultohimandsociety.39/1421.Howdidtheancientsdealwithelementalforces?__________.A.TheygaveintoelementalforcesB.Theyregardedelementalforcesasdestructiveandhostiletoman.C.Theycutdowntreesandturnedforestsintofarmlands.D.BothBandC.DFast-readingQuestionsonParas.3-440/1421.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?__________.A.Thedynamicallybalancedrelationshipbetweenmanandnatureisonthevergeofcollapse.B.Thereplaceableresourcesofnatureareabundant.C.Thereisnoproblemforhumanbeingstofindsuchasubstanceasfreshwater.D.Soil,coal,solarenergyandforestsareallrenewablenaturalresources.AFast-readingQuestionsonParas.5-741/1422.Whichofthefollowingsubstancesisnotofirreplaceablenaturalresources?__________.A.PlasticsB.MineralsC.Forests.D.Wetlandswithfreshwater.AFast-readingQuestionsonParas.5-742/1423.WhatisthemostdistinctfeatureofmoderntechnologymentionedinPara.6?___________.A.over-productionofartificialgoods.B.over-consumptionofartificialgoods.C.bothAandB.D.noneoftheabove.CFast-readingQuestionsonParas.5-743/1421.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday’sman-naturerelation?___________A.Harmonious.B.Causingecologicalcrisis.C.Improving.D.Worseninginevitably.BFast-readingQuestionsonParas.8-944/1422.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthesolutiontotheecologicalproblem?___________A.Manshouldcarefornatureandstopallhisindustrialactivities.B.Individualsaloneshouldcarefornature.C.Onlyenterprisesshouldtaketheleadtocontributetonature.D.Humanityasawholeshouldliveclosertonatureandtakeactionsrationally.DFast-readingQuestionsonParas.8-945/1423.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthehumantransformationofnature?______.A.Positive.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Unclear.BFast-readingQuestionsonParas.8-946/142FindthemainideaofeachpartPart1Part2Part3Part4Paras.1--2Paras.3--4Paras.5--7Paras.8--9Fast-reading47/142Part1Paras.1--2Manlivesintherealmofnature.Heisconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andhecannotliveoutsidenature.Fast-reading48/142Part2Paras.3--4Indirectlyman’sdependenceonnaturegrowsbecauseoftheincreaseddifficultyinobtainingirreplaceablenaturalresourcesneededforhisindustrialactivities.Fast-reading49/142Part3Paras.5--7Thedynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsocietyasawholehasshownominoussignsofbreakingdown.Fast-reading50/142Part4Paras.8--9Thecrisissituationintheman–naturesystemneedstheattentionofallhumanity.Failuretoliveinharmonywithnatureorviolatingthelawsofnaturewillcausefataldisaster.Fast-reading51/142CarefulReading52/142foodheeats.Weareconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andwecannotliveoutsidenature.ManintheRealmofNature

AlexanderSpirkin1.Humanbeingsliveintherealmofnature.Theyareconstantlysurroundedbyitandinteractwithit.Manisconstantlyawareoftheinfluenceofnatureintheformoftheairhebreathes,thewaterhedrinks,andtheTextAChinese53/142TextAChinese

2.Manisnotonlyadwellerinnature,healsotransformsit.Humanityconvertsnature’swealthintothemeansofthecultural,historicallifeofsociety.Manhassubdued

anddisciplinedelectricityandcompelled

ittoservetheinterestsofsociety.Notonlyhasmantransferred

variousspeciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimateofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.

54/1423-1Associetydevelops,mantendstobecomelessdependentonnaturedirectly,whileindirectlyhisdependencegrows.Ourdistantancestorslivedinfearof

nature’sdestructiveforces.Veryoftentheywereunabletoobtainthemerestdailynecessities.However,despitetheirimperfecttools,theyworkedtogetherstubbornly,collectively,andwereabletoattainresults.Naturewasalsochangedthroughinteractionwithman.Forestsweredestroyedandtheareaoffarmlandincreased.

ChineseTextA55/1423-2.Naturewithits

elementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostile

toman.

Theforest,forexample,wassomethingwildandfrighteningandpeopletriedtoforceitto

retreat.Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilization,whichmeanttheplaceswheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wheretheforesthadbeencutdown.

ChineseTextA56/142Chinese4.Butastimegoesonmankindbecomesincreasinglyconcernedwiththequestionofwhereandhowtoobtainirreplaceablenaturalresourcesfortheneedsofproduction.Scienceandman’spracticaltransformingactivitieshavemadehumanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindustrialtransformationoftheearth.TextA57/142Theproblemoftheso-calledreplaceableresourcesofthebiospherehasbecomeparticularlyacute.Itisgettingmoreandmoredifficulttosatisfytheneedsofhumanbeingsandsocietyevenforsuchasubstance,forexample,asfreshwater.Theproblemofeliminatingindustrialwasteisalsobecomingincreasinglycomplex.

5.Atpresentthepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsofbreakingdown.

TextAChinese58/142

6.Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyanever-increasingabundanceofproducedandusedsynthetic

goods.Hundredsofthousandsofsyntheticmaterialsarebeingmade.Peopleincreasinglycovertheirbodiesfromheadtofootinnylonandothersynthetic,glitteringfabricsthatareobviouslynotgoodforthem.Youngpeoplemayhardlyfeelthis,andtheypaymoreattentiontoappearancethantohealth.Buttheybecomemoreawareofthisharmfulinfluenceastheygrowolder.ChineseTextA59/142

7.Astimegoeson,thesyntheticoutputofproductionturnsintowaste,andthensubstancesthatintheiroriginalformwerenotverytoxicaretransformedinthecycleofnaturalprocessesintoaggressiveagent.Todaybothnaturalscientistsandphilosophersareaskingthemselvesthequestion:Isman’sdestructionofthebiosphereinevitable?

ChineseTextA60/1428.Theman-naturerelation—thecrisisoftheecologicalsituation—isaglobalproblem.ItssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproductionitselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustby

individuals,enterprisesorcountries,butbyallhumanity.Oneofthewaystodealwiththecrisissituationinthe“man-nature”systemistousesuchresourcesassolarenergy,thepowerofwinds,therichesoftheseasandoceansandother,asyet

unknownnaturalforcesoftheuniverse.

ChineseTextA61/142Chinese

9.Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactionswhichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threatentobringdisasterandthisdisastermayturnouttobeuniversal.HowaptthenarethewordsofancientOrientalwisdom:liveclosertonature,myfriends,anditseternallawswillprotectyou!

TextA62/142Translation人在自然界

1.

人类生活在大自然王国里，他们时刻被大自然所包围并与之相互影响。人类呼吸空气、喝下水和摄入食物，无一不令人类时刻感知到大自然影响。我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。课文译文2.人类不但生活在大自然之中，同时也在改变着大自然。人类把自然资源转变为各种文化，社会历史财富。人类降服并控制了电，迫使它为人类社会利益服务。人类不但把各种各样动植物转移到不一样气候环境，也改变了他生活环境地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。

63/142

3-1.

伴随社会发展，人类对大自然直接依赖越来越少，而间接依赖却越来越多。我们远古祖先生活在大自然威胁及破坏力恐惧之中，他们经常连基本生活物资都无法获取。然而，尽管工具不甚完备，他们却能同心协力，顽强工作，并总是有所收获。在与人类相互作用中，大自然也发生了改变。森林被破坏了，耕地面积增加了。Translation课文译文64/142

3-2.

大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌正确东西。譬如，森林被认为是野性和令人恐惧，所以人类便想方设法使其面积缩小。这一切都是打着“文明”旗号进行，所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园，耕耘土地，哪里森林就被砍伐。

Translation课文译文65/1424.

然而，伴随岁月流逝，人类越来越关注是在何处得到和怎样得到生产所需不可替换自然资源问题。科学与人类改变大自然实践活动已经使人类意识到了工业在改变地球进程中对地质产生重大影响。

Translation课文译文66/142

5.

当前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在动态平衡，已展现瓦解迹象。生物圈中所谓可替换资源问题变得极为尖锐。人类和社会需求，即便是简单得像淡水一样物资，也变得越来越难以满足。去除工业废物问题也变得日益复杂。

Translation课文译文67/1426.

当代技术特征是生产和使用日益丰富人工合成产品。人们生产成千上万人工合成材料。人们越来越多地用尼龙和其它人造纤维把自己从头到脚地包裹起来，这些绚丽织物显然对他们无益。年轻人或许极少注意到这一点，他们更关注是外表，而不是健康。不过上了年岁之后，他们就会感受到这种有害影响。Translation课文译文68/1427.久而久之，这些合成物质转变成废弃物，那些原本毒性不大物质在自然循环中变为极其有害物质。自然科学家和哲学家如今都在问自己这么一个问题：人类对生物圈破坏莫非是无法防止吗？

Translation课文译文

8.

人与大自然关系——生态环境危机——已经成为一个全球性问题。这一问题处理之道在于理性而明智协调生产和对大自然关爱之间关系，这不但要依靠个人、企业或者一些国家力量，而且要依靠全人类力量。处理人与大自然关系危机方法之一，就是使用太阳能、风能、海洋能等资源，以及其它尚不为人所知宇宙中自然能。69/142

9.

不过，回到我们原先主体上，令人难以接收事实是那些违反了自然规律、破坏了生物圈友好人类行为将会带来灾难，而这种灾难可能是全球性。古代东方智者话讲得真是恰如其分：朋友们，你要是亲近大自然，大自然就会用那永恒不变规律永远呵护你！

Translation课文译文70/142Weareconnectedwithnatureby“bloodties”andwecannotliveoutsidenature.1.Whatdoes“bloodties”referto?Itreferstosuchverycloserelationshipaskinship.2.Translatethissentence.我们与大自然血肉相连，离开大自然，我们将无法生存。DetailedReading71/142Humanityconvertsnature’swealthintothemeansofthecultural,historicallifeofsociety.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.人类把自然资源转变为各种文化和社会历史财富。DetailedReading72/142Notonlyhasmantransferredvariousspeciesofplantsandanimalstodifferentclimaticconditions,hehasalsochangedtheshapeandclimateofhisenvironmentandtransformedplantsandanimals.Analyzethestructureofthissentence.Thisisacompoundsentenceledby“notonly…(but)also”.Thefirsthalfledby“notonly”istheinvertedstructure.DetailedReadingMoreexamples:NotonlyisTomveryclever,heisalsoverydiligent.Notonlydidhelosehisbag,buthehimselfgotlost.Notonlydoeshewritethelyricstothesongs,buthealsocomposesthemusic.73/142Paraphrasethissentence.Manhasshifteddifferentkindsofplantsandanimalstoareaswithdifferentclimatesfromthoseoftheiroriginalhabitats.Moreover,manhastransformedtheshapeandclimateofhisownenvironmentandaccordinglytheplantsandanimalshavealsoadaptedthemselvestothechanges.

DetailedReading74/1421.Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?

Wecanlearnthatthepowerofnatureisoutofman’scontrolsothatitisbelievedtobeunfavorabletohumanity.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.大自然及其威力被看成是和人类敌正确东西。Naturewithitselementalforceswasregardedassomethinghostiletoman.75/142Thiswasalldoneinthenameofcivilization,whichmeanttheplaceswheremanhadmadehishome,wheretheearthwascultivated,wheretheforesthadbeencutdown.1.Analyzethestructureofthissentence.

Theattributiveclauseledby“which”includesanotherthreeattributiveclausesledby“where”inparallelstructure.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.这一切都是打着“文明”旗号进行。所谓“文明”，就是人类在哪里建立家园、耕耘土地，哪里森林就被砍伐。DetailedReading76/142Scienceandman’spracticaltransformingactivitieshavemadehumanityawareoftheenormousgeologicalroleplayedbytheindustrialtransformationoftheearth.Paraphrasethesentence.Manhasrealizedthegreatgeologicalchangescausedbytheindustrialinfluenceontheearth,whichismadebyscienceandman’stransformingactivitiesinpractice.DetailedReading77/142Atpresent,thepreviousdynamicbalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsocietyasawhole,hasshownominoussignsofbreakingdown.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthissentence?Wecanlearnfromthesentencethatmanhasthreatenedthebalancebetweenmanandnatureandbetweennatureandsociety,whichusedtobemaintaineddynamically,butnowtendstocollapse.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.当前，人与自然以及自然与社会整体之间过去存在动态平衡，已显现出瓦解迹象。DetailedReading78/142Moderntechnologyisdistinguishedbyanever-increasingabundanceofproducedandusedsyntheticgoods.1.Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?Wecaninferfromthissentencethatitismoderntechnology,toagreatextent,thatenablestheproductionandconsumptionoflargequantitiesofsyntheticgoods.2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.当代技术特征是生产和使用日益丰富人工合成产品。DetailedReading79/142ItssolutionliesinrationalandwiseorganizationofbothproductionitselfandcareforMotherNature,notjustbyindividuals,enterprisesorcountries,butbyallhumanity.1.Translatethesentence.这一问题处理之道在于理性而明智地协调生产和对大自然关爱之间关系，这不但要依靠个人、企业或者国家力量，而且要依靠全人类力量。DetailedReading80/142Buttoreturntoourtheme,thebittertruthisthatthosehumanactionswhichviolatethelawsofnature,theharmonyofthebiosphere,threatentobringdisastermayturnouttobeuniversal.

1.Paraphrasethissentence.Aswecometothetopicunderdiscussion,itispainfultoseethefactthathumanactivitiesmaywellbringdisasterthroughtheviolationofthelawsofnatureandtheharmonyofthebiosphere.DetailedReading2.TranslatethissentenceintoChinese.不过，回到我们原先主题上，令人难以接收事实是那些违反了自然规律、破坏了生物圈友好人类行为将会带来灾难，而这一事实可能是普遍存在。81/142realm:n.

acountryruledoverbyakingorqueen;ageneralareaofknowledge,activity,orthoughtThekinghadtocallrepresentativesofdifferentclassesoftherealmintoconsultationuponthenationaleconomiccrisis.影片将孩子们带入了幻想王国。KeyWords&ExpressionsThemoviehasbroughtchildrentoarealmofimagination.82/142KeyWords&ExpressionsHealwaysprojectsanimageofsuccessinpublicrealm.他总是以成功人士形象出现在公众面前。Itwasactuallywithintherealmsofpossibility.Collocations:这是完全有可能。publicrealm公众领域

withintherealmsofpossibility有可能83/142KeyWords&ExpressionsLucyinteractswellwithotherchildrenintheclass.Allthingsareinterrelatedandinteractwitheachother.全部事物都是相互联络又相互作用。interact:vi.ifpeopleorthingsinteractwitheachother,theyaffecteachother84/142Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.KeyWords&Expressionstransform:vt.L2tocompletelychangetheappearance,form,orcharacterofsomethingorsomeone,especiallyinawaythatimprovesit这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知校园女生变成了演艺巨星。Theplaytransformedheralmostovernightfromanunknownschoolgirlintoamegastar.85/142KeyWords&ExpressionsCF:change,convert&transformchangeconverttransform这些动词都有“改变，改变”之意。指任何改变，完全改变，强调与原先情况有显著不一样。指进行全部或局部改变以适应新功效或用途。指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大改变。指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生彻底改变，失去原状成为全新东西。86/142KeyWords&ExpressionsDirections:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.1.Inorderto

theirenvironment,hedrewuptheproject.2.Carbondioxidecanbe

intooxygenthroughtheagencyofplant.3.Whydotheleavesontrees

colourinautumn?4.Healwaysattemptsto

otherstoaparticulardoctrineorbelief.transformconvertedchangeconvert87/142KeyWords&Expressionsconvert:v.

tochangesomethingintoadifferentformofthing,ortochangesomethingsothatitcanbeusedforadifferentpurposeorinadifferentwayIntheprocess,thelightenergyconvertstoheatenergy.他成功地让我接收了他观点。Hesucceededinconvertingmetohispointofview.88/142KeyWords&Expressionssubdue:vt.

gaincontrolof,esp.bydefeating警方设法制服了愤恨人群。Policemanagedtosubduetheangrycrowd.NB:该词过去分词subdued可作形容词，意为“柔和，减弱，无精打采”。比如：Inthebar,thereissubduedlightandsoftmusic.Richardseemsverysubduedtonight.89/142KeyWords&Expressionsdiscipline:1.vt.trainordevelop,esp.inobedienceandself-controlDiscipliningchildrentakespatienceandconsistency.不一样文化中对于孩子训导方式是不一样。Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysofdiscipliningtheirchildren.2.n.1)awayoftrainingsomeonesothattheylearntocontroltheirbehaviourandobeyrulesThebookgivesparentsadviceondiscipline.90/142KeyWords&Expressions2)anareaofknowledgeorteaching她对营销这门学科实践知识和强烈求知欲给我留下了深刻印象。Iwasgreatlyimpressedbyherpracticalknowledgeofthedisciplineofmarketingandherstrongdesiretolearnmore.Collocations:disciplineproblem

纪律问题disciplineoneself

自律instilldisciplineintosb.

灌输纪律观念91/142KeyWords&Expressionscompel:vt.make(apersonorthing)dosth.,byforce,moralpersuasion,orordersthatmustbeobeyedOurmindsaresoconstructedthattheycompelustoviewtheexternalworldinonlyoneway.法律要求雇主必须提供健康保险。Thelawcompelsemployerstoprovidehealthinsurance.CF:compel,force&oblige这些动词均含“迫使”之意。指在法律、权力、力量或行动等驱使下被迫而为。比如:compel92/142Aparentmaycompelhischildtodohislessonsbythreateningtosuspendhisallowance.家长可能会采取威胁暂停津贴方法迫使其儿女学习。forceoblige指用个人意志、权力、权威或暴力等，迫使他人改变看法或做本不愿做事。比如:指因为生理或道德上需要，促使某人做某事，也指有权威人或机构迫使某人做某事，还可指在特定情况下被迫作出反应。比如:Governmenttroopshaveforcedtherebelstosurrender.政府军已经迫使叛乱者投降。93/142KeyWords&ExpressionsCircumstanceshadobligedhimtosellthebusiness.形势强迫他卖掉企业。94/1421.v.movefromoneplace,job,position,etc.,toanotherKeyWords&Expressionstransfer:

MichaeltransferredfromCompany6totheSecurityService.2.n.权力移交快速而又和平地得以实现。Thetransferofpowerwaseffectedswiftlyandpeacefully.95/142infearof:inastateoffearaboutOrdinarypeoplelivedinfearofbeingarrestedbythesecretpolice.他们生活在不停饥饿恐惧中。Theyliveincontinualfearofstarvation.96/142KeyWords&Expressionsattain:vt.L20tosucceedinachievingsomethingaftertryingforalongtimeMorewomenareattainingpositionsofpowerinpubliclife.他们最终一定能取得解放。They’resuretoattainemancipationintheend.97/142KeyWords&Expressionshostile:a.

showingextremedislikeordisapproval;unfriendlySenatorLydonwashostiletoourproposals.工程进展得很慢，因为不少学者对普通人持敌对态度。Theprojectproceededslowlybecausemanyscholarswerehostiletothecommonpeople.98/142KeyWords&Expressionsretreat:vi.movebackorleaveacenteroffightingorotheractivity,esp.whenforcedtodosoPerrylitthefuse导火线引线andretreatedtoasafedistance.从公众生活中隐退是不明智。Itwasnotasensiblechoicetoretreatfrompubliclife.99/142KeyWords&ExpressionsCF:retire,retreat&withdrawretire这些动词均含“退下，退却”之意。指从公开或公共场所退下到私下场所，也指被免去职务或自动辞职、退伍等。比如:Iretiredfromteachingthreeyearsago.三年前我就不再教书了。retreat含消极意味，多指被迫采取退下或退却行动。Theenemywasforcedtoretreat.敌军被迫撤退了。100/142KeyWords&Expressionswithdraw强调因某种原因而有意离开，常含礼貌、谦恭等理由。也指军队撤退。Asthetroopswithdraw,theentirecitycelebratedtheliberation.部队撤退时,整个城市欢庆解放。101/142KeyWords&Expressionsconcerned:a.affectedbysomethingorworriedaboutit;believingsomethingisimportant很多政客更关注是权力和控制而不是人民利益。Manypoliticiansaremoreconcernedwithpowerandcontrolthanwiththegoodofthepeople.Collocations:concernedwith 关注，关心；与……相关concernedabout

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for 担心，关爱concernedtodosth. 专注于做某事asfaras…isconcerned

就……而言102/142KeyWords&Expressionsominous:a.makingyoufeelthatsomethingbadisgoingtohappenThecarismakinganominousrattlingsound.不祥黑云预示着雷暴到来。Theominousblackcloudspredictedthecomingthunderstorm.103/142KeyWords&Expressionsacute:a.severe;verygreatThehousingshortageismoreacutethanfirstthought.乍一想，最初一念一颗蛀牙能够引发强烈疼痛。Abadtoothcancauseacutepain.Collocations:acutedisease

急性病acuteanxiety

急剧焦虑acuteshortage

严重短缺acutesense

敏锐感觉acutemind

机智头脑104/142KeyWords&Expressionssub