2022.12英语六级真题第2套

2022年12月大学英语六级考试真题（二）PartI Writing (30minutes)Directions：Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaythatbeginswiththesentence''Inaneraofinformationexplosion,itisvitallyimportanttodeveloptheabilitytothinkcriticallyandmakerationalchoices,wYoucanmakestatements,givereasons,orciteexamplestodevelopyouressay.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartI ListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Prioritizinghappinessovermoney.Joiningtheclubtogethernewbook.Shewasindebt.Shewasafinancialadviser.Itreflectsone'searningpower.BPrioritizinghappinessovermoney.Joiningtheclubtogethernewbook.Shewasindebt.Shewasafinancialadviser.Itreflectsone'searningpower.B)A)B)C)Managingone'spersonalfinanceswisely.Consumingmoreonlywhenearningmore.Sheearned$30,000amonth.Sheenjoyedahappylife.Itmirrorsone'ssenseofwellbeing.Itchangeswithone'sgoalsinlife.2.3.4.Itvarieswithone'senvironment.Itwouldgivehimmoretimetobewithhislovedones.Itwouldbegoodforthosewhovaluerelationships.Itwouldmeanmajorsacrificesforhim.Itwoulddeprivehimofhisindividuality.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A) Itwas theartist'sfirstlandscape. C) Itwasdonatedbytheartistherself.Itwas apaintingbyChristopher. D) Itwasdisplayedataretirementparty.A) Itwas thepaintingthatinstantlymade herrich.C) Itwasrecentlypurchasedbythegallery.Ithas costhimalotofmoneytopurchase it. D) Itisownedbyananonymouscollector.A) Itreflectsheremotions. C) Itappearsperfectlysymmetrical.Itcontainsampledetails. D) Itdepictsthebeautyofdesolation.A) Sheiseccentriclikeanyotherartist. C) Sheisasluckyasanyacclaimedartist.Sheisaveryniceandintelligent artist. D) Sheisoneofthemostproductiveartists.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)Itisvitaltoone'smentalhealth. C)Itpromotesinterpersonalrelationship.Itleadstoreconciliationandpeace. D)Itkeepsonefromtraumaticexperience.

Whentheoffenderisnotdulypenalized.Whentheoffenderaddsinsulttoinjury.Findoutwhyhecommittedtheoffense.Determinehowserioustheoffensewas.Whentheoffenderisnotdulypenalized.Whentheoffenderaddsinsulttoinjury.Findoutwhyhecommittedtheoffense.Determinehowserioustheoffensewas.Whentheoffenderisnotwillingtoapologize.A)Talkwiththeoffendercalmly.Accepttheoffender'sapology.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.Thenumberofstationsincreasedto50.ItbecamethelongestintheUnitedKingdom.Tohaveitssystemsmodernised.Toavoidfurtherfinanciallosses.Thenumberofstationsincreasedto50.ItbecamethelongestintheUnitedKingdom.Tohaveitssystemsmodernised.Toavoidfurtherfinanciallosses.B)Itservedmoreandmorecommuters.A)Toincreasecapacitytomeetgrowingneeds.B)Tomakewayforothermeansoftransport.A)Itisgenerallyrecognisedasaworldheritagesite.Itisthefastestwaytoreachthecity'ssouthside.Itconstitutesasourceofrevenueforthecity.Ithelpsreducetrafficjamsinthecitycentre.Theyacceptsmartcardsonly.Theyarecolourfullydecorated.A)Theyareusuallycrowded.Theyacceptsmartcardsonly.Theyarecolourfullydecorated.B)Theyusehigh-techsystems.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Theyareunafraidofhumans.TheyareespeciallyfondofgarbageItisagestureofhumangenerosity.Itisallowedonlyincertainareas.Theyareunafraidofhumans.TheyareespeciallyfondofgarbageItisagestureofhumangenerosity.Itisallowedonlyincertainareas.B)Theyareshrinkinginnumbers.A)Itisstrictlyforbidden.B)Itisanuncommonsight.A)Sharetheirfoodwiththebeartheysee.Bepreparedtorunintoahungrybear.Trytobefriendlywiththebeartheymeet.Refrainfromteasingbearswithcubs.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.A)Itreferstoopinionsthatareradicalandwidespread.Itmeansmakingjudgmentswithoutadequateknowledge.Itreferstodeep-rootedbeliefsaboutsomeoneorsomething.Itmeansstickingtoone'sjudgmentsevenwhenprovedwrong.A)Theyoftenleadtowarbetweenreligiousgroups.Theykeepcertainoccupationsfromthriving.Theyallowmythsandhalf-truthstopersist.Theypreventusfromgettingtothetruth.A)Whenwestarttofeelsuperior.Whenwemixwithprejudicedpeople.Whenweliveinanisolatedneighborhood.Whenwetrytokeepupwiththosearoundus.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.Perplexed.Shocked.Theywouldhelpkidsgrow.Theywouldlastalifetime.Perplexed.Shocked.Theywouldhelpkidsgrow.Theywouldlastalifetime.Hehadlotsofstoriestotell.HeregrettedleavingVietnam.B)Disappointed.A)Theywouldchangewiththepassageoftime.B)Theywouldbenefityoungpeople'sadultlife.A)Hehadbecomemature.B)Hesufferedpoorhealth.A)Makefriendswithhisstudents.Showhisstudentshowtodotheirbest.Helphisstudentsgetthroughthegrowingpains.Sharehispersonalexperiencewithhisstudents.PartH ReadingComprehension (40minutes)SectionADirections：Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Thetaskoftheglobalstrategistofabusinessistobuildaplatformofcapabilitiesderivedfromtheresources,experiencesandinnovationsofunitsoperatinginmultiplelocations,totransplantthosecapabilitieswherever26,andthentosystematicallyupgradeandrenewthem—aheadofthecompetition.Appleisanoutstandingcaseofacompanywhoseuniquecapabilitiesgiveitaworldwide27advantage,particularlyw社hrespecttoitsabilitytobuildplatformsfromaproductbasethatintegratesfunctionaland28design.ApplehasbeenabletoleverageandexploititsCalifornia-baseddesignandmarketingadvantagessuccessfullythroughouttheworld.IKEAisanothersuchcase.Thedo-it-yourselffurnitureandhousewarecompanyfirstdevelopedacompellingsetofcapabilitiestodesign,manufactureand29furnitureatlowcostandsellitinanovelwayinSweden.Later,IKEAsuccessfully3。thisformulainmanyothercountries.Bycontrast,Telefonica,aSpanishtelecommunicationscompanythatisnowtheworld'sfifthlargesttelecomby31,firstdevelopeditsspecialadvantageabroad.In1989and1990,TelefonicahadtheopportunitytoenterChileandArgentina,countriesthatsharedmanyinstitutionalandculturalcharacteristicswithitshomecountrybutthatwere32morerapidmarketreform.Throughoutthe1990s,TelefonicatookwhatitlearnedinChileandArgentinaaboutreconstructingformerstate-ownedtelecomstootherLatinAmericancountriesthatwereprivatizingtheirstatetelecomsandderegulatingtheirtelecommarkets.Theseexamplesmightleadthereadertobelievethatcreatingaglobaladvantageisaneasytask.Butmanyother33ofexpensivefailedexperimentssuggestthatcreatingalastingglobaladvantageactuallyrequiresagreatdealof34andoperationalfinesse(技巧).Ourresearchsuggeststhatglobalwinnerstypicallycreateandsustaintheirinternationalpresencethroughasystematicprocessof35,renewingandenhancingtheircorecapabilities.A)aestheticI)reproducedB)appropriateJ)revenuesC)clustersK)safeguardingD)competitiveL)shipE)exploitingM)strategicF)fiscalN)transcendG)instancesO)undergoingH)rehabilitatedSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.FearofNature：AnEmergingThreattoConservationWhatdowelosewhennaturalspacesandspeciesdisappear?Increasingly,researchhasshownthatasspeciesandecosystemsvanish,italsochipsawayatourabilitytopreservewhatremains——becausewenolongerunderstandwhatwe'relosing.Youprobablyseeitallthetime.Theneighborwhoputspesticidesonhislawnratherthandealwithannoyingbees.Thepoliticianwhovotesagainstwildlifeprotectionbecauseshe'sneverseenawolfinthewild.Thecorporationthatwantstobulldoze(用推土机推平)thehabitatofararefrog.Atbestthiscanbetermed“theextinctionofexperience,”whereourculturalandnaturalhistoriesfadefromourmemoriesandthereforeourreality.Atitsworstitbecomessomethingevenmoreconcerning：“biophobia,"thefearoflivingthingsandacompleteaversiontonature.Thisisn'tthefictionoflivinginacold,emptydystopia(绝望的世界).Sadly,it'sbecomingawayoflifefortoomanypeople—especiallychildren.ArecentstudyinJapanpaintsastrikingportraitofthisproblem.Asurveyofmorethan5,300schoolchildrenintheTochigiPrefectureexaminedtheirperceptionof14localinsectspeciesandonespider.Theresults?Acollective"ew!"Mostofthestudentssawthespeciesasthingstodislikeorfear,orevenassourcesofdanger.Thelessexperiencethestudentshadwithnature,themorenegativetheirfeelings.TheresultswerepublishedearlierthisyearinthejournalBiologicalConservation.LeadresearcherMasashiSogawiththeUniversityofTokyosaysthestudystemmedfromobservationsabouttoday'snature-deficientchildren."Humansinherentlyavoiddangerousorganismssuchasbees,butchildrenthesedaysavoidevenharmlessinsectssuchasbutterfliesanddragonflies(蜻蜓)，"hesays."Ihavelongwonderedwhysomanyoftoday'schildrenreactHkethis.nAlthoughthechildren'sreactionsweresomewhatexpected,thenewstudydidcontainanunexpectedfinding：Manyofthesurveyedchildrenrevealedthattheirparentsalsoexpressedfearordisgustofthesameanimals.Infacttheseparentalemotionswerestrongenoughtooverwhelmanypositiveexperiencesthechildrenmighthavegainedfromdirectexperiencesinnature.AsSogaandhiscoauthorswroteintheirpaper,"Ourresultssuggestthatthereislikelyafeedbackloopinwhichanincreaseinpeoplewhohavenegativeattitudestowardsnatureinonegenerationwillleadtoafurtherincreaseinpeoplewithsimilarattitudesinthenextgeneration."Andthat'spossiblythegreaterthreatposedbyextinctionofexperience.Sogasuggeststhegenerationalloss—aconditionpreviouslydubbedenvironmentalgenerationalamnesia(遗忘)一couldchipawayatoursocietalabilitytopreservewhatwe'relosing."Ibelievethatincreasedbiophobiaisamajor,butinvisible,threattoglobalbiodiversity,nSogasays."Asthenumberofchildrenwhohavebiophobiaincreases,publicinterestandsupportforbiodiversityconservationwillgraduallydecline.Althoughmanyconservationbiologistsstillconsiderthatpreventingthelossofwildlifehabitatisthemostimportantwaytoconservebiodiversity,Ithinkpreventingincreasedbiophobiaisalsoimportantforconservation.”What'stobedoneaboutthis?Thepapermakesseveralrecommendations,themostobviousofwhichisthatchildrenshouldexperiencenaturemoreoften.Theauthorsalsosuggestestablishingpoliciestoguidethesenaturalexperiencesandincreasingeducationalprogramsaboutthenaturalworld.Helpingparentstoseespeciesaroundtheminanewlightwouldmakeadifference,too.And,ofcourse,maintainingsupportforpreservingthewildspaceswherethese"scary"creaturesliveisthe

mostimportantthingofall.That'sapointreinforcedbyanotherrecentstudy,whichfoundthatwildspaceslocatedwithinurbanareasandtheplantsandanimalsthatthriveinthem—areparticularlyimportantforhumanhealthandwell-being.PublishedinthejournalFrontiersinSustainableCities,thestudyexaminedattitudestowardDiscoveryPark,theheavilyforested534-acrepublicparkinSeattle,Washington.Itfoundthatthepublichadthemostappreciationfor—-andgainedthemostvaluefrom—thewildestpartsofthepark."Ihaveseenwhales,seals,fish,eagles,shorebirdsandmanyotherseacreaturesintheirnaturalhabitat,"onesurveyparticipantwrote."Comingherewithpeoplehasallowedmetoconnectandtalkwiththemaboutconversationthatsimplydoesnothappenineverydaylife,"wroteanother.Theparticipantsreportedthattheirmostvaluableexperiencesintheparkincludedencounteringwildlife,walkingthroughopenspaces,exploringthebeachandfindingbeautifulviews.“Wesawthatalargemajorityofparticipants'interactions,especiallytheirmostmeaningfulinteractions,dependedonDiscoveryPark'srelativewildness,"saysleadauthorElizabethLev,amaster'sstudentintheuniversityofWashington'sHumanInteractionwithNatureLab.Thisisonlypossiblebecausetheparkisrelativelywild.Afterall,youcan'tenjoywatchingbirdsiftherearenobirdstofollowjgazeatthesunsetifit'sobscuredbyskyscrapers；orstopandsmelltheflowers迁theydon'thaveroomtogrow.Andyeteventhislong-protectedspacecouldsomedaybecomelesshospitabletonature.OverthepastfewyearsalotofpeopleandorganizationshavesuggesteddevelopingpartsofDiscoveryParkortheneighboringarea.Mostrecentlyaplanproposedbuilding34acresofmuch-neededaffordablehousingandparkingspacesadjacenttothepark,bringingwiththemnoise,trafficandpollution.Ifanythinglikethathappened,boththeparkandthepeopleofSeattlecouldlosesomethingvital.AndthatwouldcontinuethetrendofchippingawayatSeattle's—andtheworld's—naturalspaces,leavingjusttinypocketparksandgreen-but-emptyspacesthatofferlittlerealvaluetowildlife,plantsorpeople.“Itistruethatanyinteractionwithnatureisbetterthannone,butIdon'twantpeopletobesatisfiedwithanysmallbitofgrassandtrees,Levsays."Wehavebeeninthiscycleofenvironmentalgenerationalamnesiaforalongtime,wherethebaselinekeepsshiftingandwedon'tevenrealizewhatwe'relosinguntilit'sgone.Ifwecangetpeopletounderstandhowmuchmeaningandvaluecancomefromhavingmoreexperienceswithmorewildformsofnature,thenmaybewecanstopthiscycleandmovetowardconservingandrestoringwhatwehaveleft.wBuildingthisunderstandinginanever-ɪnorefearfulanddisconnectedworldmaybethebiggestchallenge.PeterKahn,theseniorauthorofLev'spaperandthedirectoroftheHumanInteractionwithNatureLab,madeseveralsuggestionsforbridgingthisgapinthis2011book,TechnologicalNature.Theyechotherecommendationaboutgettingchildrenintonature,butalsoincludetellingstoriesofhowthingsusedtobe,imaginingwhatthingsmightbelikeinthefuture,anddevelopingacommonlanguageaboutnature,“awayofspeakingaboutwildanddomesticinteractionpatterns,andthemeaningful,deepandoftenjoyfulfeelingsthattheygenerate."Nomatterwhattechniquesweuse,thisgrowingfieldofresearchillustratesthatsavingnaturerequiresencouragingpeopletoexperienceitmoreoftenandmoredeeply.Thatcallsforadditionalresearch—Levandhercoauthorshavepublishedatoolkitthatothermunicipalitiescanfollowtostudythevalueoftheirownwildspaces—andclearcommunicationoftheresults."Ifwecancontinuetoshowpeoplethebenefitsofthesewildspaces,”Levsays,"maybepeoplewillbegintoseemorevalueinkeepingtheseareasundeveloped—forthesakeofourmutualbenefit.”Anewstudyfoundparents'aversiontocertainanimalswouldpassontotheirchildren.Thedisappearanceofspeciesandecologicalsystemserodesourabilitytokeepwhatisleft.AstudyshowedthatthewildestareasofDiscoveryParkappealedmosttothepublic.

Thefearoflivingorganismsisbecomingmoreworrisome.Preventingtheincreaseinchildren'sfearoflivingcreaturesisalsoimportantforconservingbiodiversity.Researchshowsthatmoreanddeeperexperiencepeoplehavewithnaturewillhelpsaveit.Thoughhumansnaturallytendtoavoiddangerousanimals,today'schildrentrytostayawayfromevenharmlessones.DevelopmentinandaroundDiscoveryParkcouldcauseheavylossestotheparkandthelocalresidents.Alargesurveyofschoolchildrenfoundthattheirnegativefeelingsgrewastheirexperiencewithnaturediminished.ElizabethLevbelievesincreasedcontactwithmorewildlifehelpsconservebiodiversity.SectionCDirections；Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements,ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Pass昭eOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.SomepeopleintheUShaveassertedthatforgivingstudentloandebtisonewaytostimulatetheeconomyandgiveassistancetothoseinneed.Onegovernmentpropositionistoeliminate$10,000ofdebtfor6economicallydistressed?students.SomeinUSCongresshavegonesofarastosuggestforgivingupto$50,000indebtperstudentborrower»butdoesforgivingstudentdebtnecessarilycorrelatetohelpingtheeconomicallydisadvantaged?Theanswerisno.Thispolicyisjustgivingmoneyawaytouniversitiesandthemostaffluentstudentsinattendance.FederalReservedatarevealsthatthehighest-income40percentofhouseholdsoweapproximately60percentofoutstandingstudentdebt,whilethelowest40percentowejustunder20percent.Thiscouldbeduetoacombinationoffactors：studentsfromhigh-incomehouseholdsaremorelikelytogotoexpensivecolleges,lesslikelytoreceivefinancialaid,andmorelikelytohavehighincomespost-graduation.Plus,themajorityofstudentdebtisheldbygraduatedegreeearners,whoearnapproximately25percentmorethantheirundergraduatecounterparts.Clearly,givingfreereigntobankstoforgivestudentdebtisastepinthewrongdirection.Otherproposalsforbroader,long-termstudentloanplanshavesomefundamentalproblems.Oneideaistocancelstudentdebtonlyforundergraduatedegreesandforstudentsmakinglessthan$125,000.ThisattemptstoaddressthefactthatCongress'previouslymentionedstudentloanforgivenessplanlargelyhelpsoutthewealthy»butisanadverseincentiveforuniversitiestokeepraisingtuitionandforstudentstochoosetomajorinlow-earningdegreeprograms.Collegeshavenoreasontomaketheirprogramsmoreaffordableiftheybelievestudentswilljusttakeoutmoredebt.And,studentswillfeelmorecomfortablemakingtheirresponsibledecisiontogotensofthousandsofdollarsindebttomajorinimpracticaloridealisticsubjectsiftheyknowtheirloanswillbeforgiven.Thisisespeciallyconcerninggiventhepandemic(大流行病)hasrenderedacollegeeducationpracticallyworthless.StudentsarepayingtensofthousandsofdollarsperyeartoliveathomeandbelecturedontheInternet.Dowereallywanttotellcollegesthattheycangetawaywithprovidingbelow-averageserviceforanoutrageouscost?Inthecaseofanyofthesestudentdebtplans,working-classAmericanswhochosenottoorcouldnotaffordtogotocollegewillbesubsidizingtheeducationoftheprofessionalclass.Plumbersandretailworkerswillbepayingforthedegreesofdoctorsandlawyers.TheUSgovernment'sefforttohelpthoseindebtiscommendablebutisthisreallythesolutionthatwillhelpthepoorfinanciallyrecover?

Whydosomepeopleadvocateforgivingstudentloandebt?Theyassertitwillnarrowthegapbetweenthewealthyandthepoor.Theybelieveitwillbenefitboththeeconomyandtheunderprivileged.Theyclaimitwilleliminateeconomicdistressamongcollegestudents.Theythinkthecostofeducationistheresponsibilityofthegovernment.WhatdowelearnfromtheFederalReservedata?Approximately60%ofstudentdebtremainsunpaid.Cancellingstudentdebtbenefitswealthyfamiliesmost.Forgivingstudentdebtprovideslittlebenefittouniversities.Low-incomefamiliesowethebiggestamountofstudentdebt.Whatdoestheauthorsaystudentsarelikelytodoiftheyknowtheyneedn'trepaytheirloans?Theywillchoosetostudysubjectswithoutconsideringtheirjobprospects.Theywillbefreetopursuetheirgoalswithoutbeingburdenedfinancially.Theywillover-borrowandlivebeyondtheirmeans.Theywillbeabletoenrollinexpensiveuniversities.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutcollegesofferingonlineeducation?Theycannotgetawaywiththeseriousconsequences.Theyhavesufferedgreatlyfromthecurrentpandemic.Thetuitiontheychargeisnotjustifiedbythequalityoftheirservice.Thetuitiontheychargehassurgedoutrageouslyduringthepandemic.Whatwillhappenifanyoftheproposedstudentdebtplansisimplemented?Plumbersandretailworkerswillhaveachanceofbecomingprofessionals.Working-classstudentswillhaveincreasingaccesstosubsidizededucation.Blue-collarworkerswillhavetobearthecostofeducatingwould-behigh-eamers.Agrowingnumberofstudentswillbeabletoearndegreesinmedicineandlaw.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifthere'sonerulethatmostparentsclingtointheconfusing,fast-changingworldofkidsandmedia,it's"Noscreensbeforeage2."Asoftoday,thatrulehasbeenthrownoutthewindow.TheAmericanAcademyofPediatrics(AAP),whichfirstissuedthatrecommendationbackin1999,hasextensivelyupdatedandreviseditsguidelinesforchildrenandadolescentstoreflectnewresearchandnewhabits.Thenewguidelines,especiallyforveryyoungchildren♦shiftthefocusfromWHATisonthescreentoWHOelseisintheroom.Andindoingso,theyraisesomeintriguingpointsaboutthefutureoflearningfrommedia.Forbabiesyoungerthan18months,AAPstillsaysnoscreensatallarethebestidea—withonenotableexception：Livevideochat.Surveysindicatethatfamiliesalreadypopularlybelievethat"Facetimedoesn'tcount",oratleastthatthebenefitofvirtualvisitswithgrandparentsorotherrelativesoutweighsthepotentialcostofexposingbabiestothelaptoporsmartphone.TheAAPdoesn'tcitepositiveevidencethatinfantsactuallygetsomethingoutofthiskindof"conversation",thewaythattheyclearlydofromlivesocialinteraction.Butthere'ssomeobservationalresearchthatinfantsasyoungassixmonthsoldareemotionallyengagedbyplayinglivepeekaboo(躲猫猫游戏)withGrandmaonline.Forinfantsandtoddlers(学步JL童)，ages15monthsto2yearsold,there'slimitedevidencefromacoupleofverysmallstudiesthattheycanlearnnewwordsfromeducationalmedia,ifandonlyifparentsarewatchingalongsidethem,repeatingwhatthevideosaysand/ordrawingattentiontowhatisonthe

screen.Inotherwords,treatingavideooranapplikeapicturebookisth