2007年同等学力英语真题

2007年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试PARTIDialogueCommunication (10minutes,10points)SectionADialogueCompletionA:Howabouthavinglunchwithmetoday,paul? B: I'llseeyouthenThanksalotSoundsgreatIcancomeanytimeA:I'manxioustogetstartedonmyproject.Canwediscussitsometimebefore theweekend?B: Whydidn'tyoutellmeearlierYes,thatcouldhearrangedIcan'tspendanytimeYes,it'seasytodiscussitA:Hello,George.Whatalovelyhomeyouhave! B: Yeah,thisgardenisbeautiful.NicetohaveyoudropbyWhy,thankyou.I'mgladyoucouldcomeLet'ssitheresowecanadmiretheviewA：DoyoufeellikedoinganythingthisweekendJerry? B: No,Idon'tminddoinganything.Yes,allright.Whatdoyousuggest?WecouldalwaysgotoDave'spartyHowdoyoulikesciencefictionmovies?A:Excuseme,boss.There 'saJackWelshontheline.Doyouwanttotalktohim?B Oh,I'mafraidIwon'tNo.havehimcallbacklater.Doeshewanttoleaveamessage?Wouldyoupleaseholdmycalls?SectionBDialogueComprehensionWoman:Youwerelateagainthismorning.Man:Sowhat?Question:Howdocsthemanreacttothewoman 'sbla?meHefeltsorryforbeinglate.Hedidnotadmithewaslate.Hegotnervousforbeinglate.Hedidnotcareaboutbeinglate.Woman:Thesoftwareisveryuser-friendly.Man:Yes,butisleavessomethingtobedesired.Question:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthesoftware?Itisofexcellentstandard.Itisofverylowstandard.Ithasreachedtheexpectedstandard.Itdoesnotreachtheexpectedstandard.Man:Hi,SusanIhearyourskitripwasoutofthisworld!Woman:ItwaswonderfulIdidn 'twanttocomebacktotherealworld!Question:WhatcanwelearnaboutSusan?Shepreferredtoliveinanunrealworld.Sheenjoyedtheskiingverymuch.Shelostcontactwiththisworld.Shefailedtocarryoutherskiplan.thave!Woman:Wally,thenecklaceisbeautiful,butreally,youshouldnthave!Man:You'rewelcome.Ithinkitlooksbeautifulonyou.Question:WhatdidWalldoforthewoman?A:Heboughthernecklace.B:Hehelpedherputonthenecklace.C:Hehelpedherchooseanecklace.D:Hetriedtoflatterher.Woan:WhenwelivedinParisIworkedparttime.Butsincewemovedjustcookandclean.Igettiredofdoingthesameoldthingsdaybyday.Man:ItsoundslikeyouneedtogetoutofthehouseQuestion:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?Togetajob.Tomovetoanotherplace.Tovisitsomefriends.Todosomeoutdoorexercises.PartIIVocabulary(10minutes,10points)SectionAByadvocating(moderate)change,theythinkthattheycankeepconsumercostslow.reasonable B.radical C.immediate D.minimumNuclearpower,withallitsinherentproblems,isstilltheonly(option)toguaranteeenoughenergyinthefuture.solution B.policy Cchoice D.reasonThepromisedwageincreaseisbeing(heldback)whileitisexaminedbythegovernmenttoseeifitisgreaterthanthelawallows.A.dismissed B.delayed C.neglected D.rejected14.Safetyofficialshave(earnestly)questionedwhethertheincreaseduseofsyntheticmaterialsheightenstheriskoffire.cautiously B.severely C.accurately D.seriouslyThebookshiftedher(outlook)formsocialtospiritual,foritsthemewasthatbeforeyouchangeotherpeopleyouhavetochangeyourself.viewpoint B.vocation C.prospect D.prefereneeRacingtheclockeverydayissuchanexhaustingeffortthatwhenIactuallyhaveafewfreemoments,Itendtocollapse.falldown B.fallin C.fallout D.fallbehindThesenatoragreedthathissupportofthemeasurewouldjeopardizehischancesforreelectionbenefit B.endanger C.hinder D.disturbThemicroscopeenablesscientiststodistinguishanincrediblenumberandvarietyofbacteria.unavoidable B.unchangeable C.unbelievable D.unpredictableHenoticedthatJoanwasstudyinghimclosely,butherexpressiongaveawaynothingofwhatshewasthinking.revealed B.disposed C.reminded D.distributedAtlastjohnSmithchosetostepdownasthecompany'schiefexecutiveandreturntohisrootsinsoftwareresearch.resign B.remove C.retire D.replaceSectionB21:Hisessayis withmorethan120full-colorphotographsthatdepictthenationalparkinallseasons.A:contained B:illustrated C:exposed D:strengthened22:Localgovernment couldbeobtainedthroughalocalincometaxand/oralocalsalestax.A.budget B.expense C.finance D.revenue23Evenafterreadingitforthreelimeshecouldn therhetningofthatletter.A:conceive B:consult C:contrast D:concern24:Thetemperatureinthisareaislowenoughtoallowfallingsnowto__andslowlytransformintoice.A:preserve B:accumulateC:meltD:spread25:Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe .A:broughtintopractice B:takenintoaccount C:thrownlightonD:lookeddownupon26:Theshygirlfeltquite anduncomfortablewhenshecouldnotanswer theinterviewer'squestion.A:amused B:sensitive C:curious D:awkward27:Thecoursesaimtogivegraduatesanup-to-dategraspoftheirsubjectand laboratoryskills.A:superficial B:subjective C:structural D:sophisticated28:Therewasnolightonthewayandforasecondshehesitated,unableto thedimfigureawaitingher.A:setout B:makeout C:pickup D:clearup29:Somepeopleapparentlyhaveanamazingabilityto therightanswer.A:comeupwith B:lookupto C:putupwith D:liveupto30:Ihadbeenauniversitystudentforthreeyears,butnotuntilthisafternoonhadfeltthethrillof___.A:confusion B:disappointment C:sensation D:fulfillmentPartIIIReadingComprehension(45minutes,25points)PassageoneTheymaybeoneofBritain 'smostsuccessfulexportsandamongtheworld 'smostpopularTVshows,rankingalongsidetheWorldCupFinalandtheOlympicsGamesopeningceremonyintermsofaudience.But,inBritain,beautycompetitionsareunfashionable.Tomostpeople,beautycontestsseemsasout-datedasbowing.NicolasBaker,alawyerinLondon，saidthat“AsmuchasIthinkit 'sfineforwodmoeitn,Itodon 'tthinkit 'sinterestingainfact,Ithinkthey ir'relreevanttotoday,lastyear,MissWorldwasbroadcastto142countries,butitwasn 'tevshowninthecountrywhereitstartedin1951.Itwasn'talwaysthiswayinBritain.Oncebeautyqueensdatedfootballers,traveledtheworldandwereguaranteedfame、fortuneandfun.Now,theyopennewsupermarkets,aresponsoredbydry-cleaningcompaniesandifthey'lurceky,theygetfreeclothesformsupermarkets.WhenFrancescamerchantwascrownedMissSussexin1969itwassomethingtobeextremelyproudof“Icamefromasmalwltno,andallmyfriendsweregreenwithenvywhentheyfoundoutI'dwon.Myboyfriendatthetimethoughtitwasterrificandboastedtoeveryonethatbewasgoingoutwithabeautyqueen. Butthegoodtimescouldn 'tlest.Thefeministmovementgatheredmomentum.Somewomenweredeterminedtobringanendtothese “cattleshowNsow”ad.ays,sayingthatyouwereabeautyqueenjustdoesn 'tsoundgoodM.issWorldorganizersclaimthatcontestantsarejudgedonquantitiesotherthanjusttheirphysicalappear ance.ButJacquelineGold,England 'srepresentativetahtisyear'scontest,wasnotchosenbecauseofheracademicrecord,TheMissWorld Websitestatesthatshe “leftschoolhavinggainedmanycomputerqualifications,andcertificatesinFirstAidandLiftSaving.meaning,notofaneducation.Theonlytimecontestsattractattentionnowisbecauseoftheprotesters.Atthe1999MissWorldinBritainaround60demonstratorshurledflourbombeandfoughtwiththepolice,Theydenouncedthebeautycontestasa“sexistcattlemarker“.Theywaviesthangerssaying “fatgirlsarecool “and“women'sbodiseasleare“no.tforBeautycontestsinBritainarenow bringinghugebenefitsforthecountry.aspopularastheWorldCupFinalnolongerpopularinthecountrywidelyprotestedinthecountryTheattitudeofNicolasBakertowardsbeautycontestsisthat womenshouldn'tattendtheconteststhecontestsarefinebuthedoesn 'tlikethemthecontestsareinsultstowomenthecontestsarebehindthetimesInthe60sand70sbeautyqueens weresponsoredbydry-cleaningcompanieswereadmiredbymostpeopledidnotclothesfromsupermarketsgotfreeclothesfromsupermarketsTheauthorusesJacquelineGoldasanexampletoshowthat heracademicrecordwasverystrongshehadgainedmanyqualificationsandcertificatescontestantsarejudgedontheireducationcontestantsarejudgedontheireducationThebesttitleforpassagemightbe BeautyContests:InsultsWomenBeautyContests:SexistCattleMarketBeautyContests:AHeadacheforBritishpeopleBeautyContests:StartedinBritainbutUnpopularNowPassagetwoAparticularareainwhichassumptionsandvaluesdirtierbetweenculturesisthatoffriendship.FriendshipsAmericanstendtobeshorterandlessintensethantheseamongpeoplefrommanyothercultures.Atleastmanyobserversformabroadhavethisimpression.BecauseAmericansaretaughttobeself-reliant,becausetheyliveinaverymobilesociety,andformanyotherreasonsaswell,theytendtoavoiddeepinvolvementwithotherpeople,Furthermore,Americanstendto“compartmentalize“theirfriendships,havingtheir “friendsatwork “,school“,a“tennisfriend ”,andsoonAmericansoftenseenveryFriendlyevenwheyonufirstmeetthem.ThisfriendlinessdoesnotusuallymeanthattheAmericanislookingforadeeperrelationship.Theresultoftheseattitudesandbehaviorsissometimesviewedbyforeigners asan“inabilitytobefriends ”Othertimesitisseenasanormalwaytoretainpersonalhappinessinamobile,ever-changingsociety.Peoplenormallyhaveintheirmindsstereotypesaboutpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthemselves.Stereotypesarebasedonlimitedandincompleteexperienceandinformation,buttheyshapepeople 'sandexpectations.Americahnasvemanyserotypesaboutforeignstarletsingeneral(forexample,thattheyareveryhardworkingintelligent,andrichthattheydospeakEnglishwell)andaboutparticularcategoriesofforeignsaddens(Chinesearepoliteandgoodatmathematicsforexample,Americans,forexample,thattheyarearrogant,rude,andgenerous.Therearetwostereotypesthatoftenaffectmale-femalerelationshipsinvolvingU.S.andforeignstudent,Thefirstistheideaheldbysomeforeignmales,thatAmericanfemalesareinvariablywilling,ifnotanxioustohavesex.TheexistenceoftheseandotherstereotypesheldbysomeAmericanfemalesisthatmaleforeignstudentshavenointerestinAmericanfemalesotherthanhavingsexwiththem.Theexistenceoftheseandotherstereotypescangivetoconsiderablemisunderstandingandcanblockthedevelopmentofamutuallysatisfactoryrelationshipbetweenparticularindividuals.Stereotypesseemunavoidablegiventhewaythehumanmindseekstocategorizeandclassifyinformation,soitisnotrealistictosupposepeople can“forgettheirstereotypes“.Buttheycanbeawareoftheirstereotypes,andbereadytofindexceptionstothem.36.Consumingfriendship,Americans A.lookforadeeperrelationshipinaclosecircleavoiddeeprelationshipwithotherpeoplearefriendlyatfirstbutdonotremainsolaterondonotmakegoodfriendsTheword“compartmentalize”inthefirstparagraphmeans“ ”AseparateincategoriesBtreatdifferentlyCevaluateaccordinglyDjudgefairlyTheauthor'sattitudetowardtheAmericantypeoffriendshipseemstobe AapprovingBcriticalCbiasedDobjectiveAccordingtotheauthor,stereotypesconcerningmale-femalerelationshipsinvolvingU.S.Andforeignstudentsare Ahelpful Bmeaningless CharmfulDuseless40Accordingtotheauthor,stereotypesseemunavoidablebecause AitisnaturaltohavethemBitisnoteasytofindexceptionsCtheyprovidebetterunderstandingDtheycontributetofriendshipPassageThreeInTheBirthOrderBook:WhyYouAretheWayYou(2004),Dr,KevinLemanNotesthat21ofthefirst23Americansinspacewerefirst-bornmalesoronlychildren.MorethanhalfofUnitedStatespresidentshavebeenfirst-bornsorfirst —bornboys.It'saprettysigiaincfindinghistorically,becausefamiliesusedtobebiggerthantheyaretoday.Inadditiontobeinghighachievers,olderchildrenalsogenerallyhavehigherIQs( 智商)Thanyoungerones.Researchershavenotedthatthemorekidsafamilyhas,thelower eachchild'sIndividualIQtendstobe,Theygiveafewreasonsforthis:Parentsonlyhavesomuchtime,attention,andmoney.Themorekidstheyhave,Themorethesethingsaredivided.First-bornsinitiallygettheentireparental- timepic.What'sorme.TheratioofGrown-upstokidsdecreaseswitheachnewbaby.Sotheyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildrenlanguageonaveragethantheolderkids.Someresearchersthinkparentalattentionisthekeytopersonality/birth-orderdifferences.InhisbookborntoRebel,psychologistFranksallowwayscompetitionforMomandDad 'sattentionisthethingthatreallyshapesourpersonalitiesand,infact,hasshapedhistory.HearguesthatweadaptourPersonalitiesaspartofourstrategytoseekfavorfromMomandDad.Youngersiblings(兄弟姐妹)tendtobecomerebels.Sullowaystudiedpoliticalactivistsandfoundthatlater-bornactivistsweremoreradicalthantheirfirst -bornpeers.TheconclusionofhisbookisthatsiblingcompetitionforparentalattentioncanaffectsocietyasawholeintimesofrevolutionThomasJefferson,KarlMarxandFidelCastrowereallyoungersiblings,forexample.Ascompellingasthisallis,it 'salsosomethingweshouldprobablywtiathkecaution,thereareotherthingsthathappentousinlifebesidestheadditionofsiblingstoourfamilies.Aparentcandie;ahurricanecanleaveushomeless;wecancatchalife-threateningdisease.Anyoneofthesethingswillprobablyhavemoreofaneffectonourpersonalitiesthanthepresenceofsiblings.A2002studyborethisout.Afterinterviewing535undergraduatesresearchersconcludedthatpersonalitydifferencesrelatedtobirthorderwere“folklore”,althoughIQandachievementdifferenceswerewidelysupportedbyresearch.41.Whatisimpliedby “theyyoungeronesaresurroundedbymorechildren'slanguageonaveragethantheolderkids ”(para.3)?AYoungerchildrenneedparentalratherthansiblings 'attentionBYoungerchildrenneedsiblings 'rathaenrtpharentalattentionCYoungerchildrenfeeluncomfortablewithmoresiblingsDYoungerchildrenhavelesschancetotalkwiththeirparentsSulloway,authorBorntoRebel,suggeststhatyoungersiblings AtryhardtogetattentionfromtheirparentsBarelesslikelytoshapehistoryCarewinnersingettingparentalattentionDseldomadopttheirpersonalities.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasafactorshapingpersonality?ADeathofaparentBChildren'slanguageCAnaturaldisasterDAfataldiseaseWhatisthemeaningof“folklore”inthelastparagraph?ATraditionalcustomsandbeliefsBVerifiedhypothesesCWidelyheldunsupportednotionsDTalesorsayingpreservedorallyWhichofthefollowingstatementsisproposedbyresearchers?ALater—bornsdonotcompeteforattentionBFirst—bornstendtobecomerebelsCLater—bornsarepronetodiseasesDFirst—bornsachievemorethanyoungerones.PassageFourDoesmoneybuyhappiness?It'ssometimessaidthatscientistshavefoundnorelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappiness,butthat'samyth,saysUniversityoIfllinoispsychologistEdDenier.Theconnectioniscomplex.infact,veryrichpeopleratesubstantiallyhigherinsatisfactionwithlifethanverypoorpeopledo,evenwithinwealthynations.hesays“Thereisoverwhelmingevidencethatmoneybuyshappiness. ”saideconAomndisretwOswaldoftheUniversityofWarwickinEngland.Themaindebate,hesaid,ishowstrongtheeffectis.OswaldrecentlyreportedastudyofBtitonswhowonbetween$2,000and$250,000inalottery( 彩票拍奖).Asagroup,theyshowedaboostinhappinessaveragingabitmorethanonepointona36-pointscalewhensurveyedtwoyearaftertheirwin,comparedtotheirlevelstwoyearsbeforetheywon.DanielKahneman,aNobel-PrizewinnerandPrincetoneconomist,andcolleagues,recentlydeclaredthatthenotionthatmakingalotofmoneywillproduce goodoverallmoodis “mostlyillusorymembersofthehigh-incomegroupwerealmosttwiceaslikelytocallthemselves”.Theynotedthatinonestudy,“veryhappepoyple”froamshouseholdswithincomesbelow$2,000.Butotherstudies,ratherthanaskingforasummaryestimateofhappiness,followpeoplethroughthedayandrepeatedlyrecordtheirfeelings.Thesestudiesshowlesseffectofincomeonhappiness,Kahnemanandcolleaguessaid.Thereisstillanothertwisttothemoney-happinessstory.Eventhoughpeoplewhomake$150,000areconsiderablyhappierthanthosewhomake$40,000,it 'clseanrowthy,sayspsychologistRichardE.LucasofMichigauSateUniversity.Researchersconcludethatanyeffectofmoneyonhappinessissmallerthanmostdaydreamerassume.“Peopleexaggeratehowmuchhappinessisboughtbyanextra fewthousand,”Oswaldsaid.“Thequalityofrelationshipshasafarbiggereffectthanquitelargeriseinsalary ….It'smuchbetteradvice,ifyoulookingforhappinessinlife,totrytofindtherighthusbandorwifethantotrytodoubleyoursalary. ”Themainpurposeofthispassageistodiscuss ThecontributionsofhouseholdincomestohappinessThecomplexrelationshipbetweenmoneyandhappinessThepositiverelationsofmoneytohappinessThenegativerelationsofmoneytohappinessAndrewOswald'sstudy ProvesmoneyhaslittleeffectonhappinessGivesevidencethatmoneybuyshappinessRejectstherelationbetweenmoneyandhappinessShowsthatlotterybringspeoplehappinessTheword “illusory”(para.4)isclosestinmeaningto “___”.A.DramaticB.OrdinaryC.DrasticD.ImaginaryAccordingtoLucas,richerpeople 'shappiness ComesfromtheirhighincomeMaynotbedirectlyrelatedtotheirhighincomeIsboostedbytheirhighincomeIsnotderivedfromtheirhighincomeAccordingtoOswald,amoreimportantfactorinbringingabouthappinessmaybegood .AHealth B.FeelingsC.MarriageD.SalariesPassageFiveWhenFrandDalelookoveraspublisherofLosAngelesHerrald-Examiner,theorganizationhadjustendedaten-yearstrike.Therewasmuchbitternessandashetoldus.“EverybodythatIfoundtherehadlosttheircuriosity,they'dlosttheircuttingedge,therewasnointerest,theyjusthungon …」hadarealproblem.'fstHisVeryfiwastointroducehimselftoeverybody,tothankthemfortheirloyaltytothatpoint,andtoallowthemtoexpresstheirconcernsandfrustrations.Toquestionslike “Whatmakesyouthinkyoucanmakethisthinggo? ”heresponded,“Idon'tknoewt,ybutinthirtydaysI 'llcomebacktoyouandletyouknowwhatI 'revcerufoituendda.ta”skHfoerceOfthebestpeoplefromthroughouttheHearstCorporationtodoacrashstudy,andinthirtydayshehadawrittenreportonwhatneededtobedone,whichhesharedwiththestaff.Hehadtakentheall-importantfirststepstoestablishmutualtrust,withoutwhichleadershipwouldnothavebeenpossible.Trustistheemotionalgluethatbindsfollowersandleaderstogether.Theaccumulationoftrustisameasureofthelegitimacyofleadershipofleadership.Itcannotbedemandedorpurchased;itmustbeearned.Trustisthebasicingredientofallorganizations,thelubricationthatmaintainstheorganizationanditisasmysteriousanddifficultaconceptasleadership-andasimportant.Onethingwecansayforsureabouttrustisthatiftrustistobegenerated,theremustbepredictability,thecapacitytopredictanother 'sbehavior,anotherwaypoufttingitistosaythatorganizationswithouttrustwouldresembletheambiguousnightmareofKafka 'sTheCastle,wherenothingcanbecertainandnobodycanbereliedonorheheldresponsible.Theabilitytopredictoutcomeswithahighprobabilityofsuccessgeneratesandmaintainstrust.WhatwasFrandDale'sproblemwhenhebecamethepublisherofLasAnglesHerald-Examiner?A.Hehadlostinterestinhispublishingcareer.hefoundithardtointroducehimselftoeveryone.LosAngelesherald-examinerwasinextremedifficulty.LosAngelesherald -examinerwasonaten-yearstrike.Whatwastheresultoffrankdale 'sfirststeps?A.Mutualtrustwasestablished.Efficiencywasimproved.Ataskforcewasrecruited.Hispromiseswerefulfilled.Accordingtotheauthor,howcouldtrustbeestablished?AByeconomicmeans..Bylegitimatemeasure.Byauthoritativecommand.Byeffortoraction.Whatdoestheauthorthinkabouttrust?AItishardtoaccumulate..Itcanmakeorganizationgo.Itcanhelpestablishauthority.Itisrelativelyeasytoacquire.Forwhatproposeiskafka'sTheCastlementioned?Toshowpeople'sbehaviorsareTodescribethenightmareofthestory.Todemonstratetheimportanceoftrust.D.Toprovenoonecanbereliedon.PartIVClozeTheprocessofthegainingorlosingweightcanbeexplainedbycomparingyourbodytoyourcar.Bothrun 56__fuel,foodforyourbodyandgasolineforyourcar.Both___57__thatfuel.firstintoheat,thenenergy,someof 58___isusedtodowork,andsomeemittedaswaste,and 59__yourcarusesmoreenergywhentheengineisracingthanwhenitisidling, 60 doesyourbodyusemoreenergywhenyouareworkinghardthan 61___youareresting.Forthepurposeofthiscomparison, 62 ,thereisonesignificantdifferencebetweenthem.Yourcarcannotstorefuelbyturningitinto 63 else;allgasolinenot 64 remainsasgasoline.Butyourbodystores 65 energyasfat.Whenthegaslankis 66 empty,the carwon'trun;butyourbodycanburnfattoProvidemoreenergy.Therefore,ifyouwanttogainweight,youmustdo___oftwothings:eatmorecalories(unitsofheat,therefore),oruselessthrough___.ifyouwanttoloseweight,youdothe___:decreaseyourintakeofcaloriesorincreasetheamountofenergyyouspend.Thereis___way.gainingorlosingweightisalwaysarelationbetweenintakeandoutputofpotentialenergy.56.A.inB.onC.forD.against57.A.convertB.useC.spendD.burn58.A.whatB.whichC.itD.them59.A.whereasB.althoughC.justbecauseDjustas60.A.asB.soC.wayD.how61.A.thatB.sinceC.whenD.where62.A.howeverB.thereforeC.moreoverD.likewise63.A.everythingB.nothingC.somethingD.anything64.A.filledB.w